The Relationship between Organic Matter Content and Exchangeable Aluminum in Acid Soil

The Cd concentration in 10 plant species grown in a neutral surface soil (0.65 ppm Cd) varied from 0.18 ppm in potato tubers to 0.99 ppm in soybean roots on a dry matter basis. Addition of 5 ppm Cd increased the concentrations in the plants markedly and they were particularly high in lettuce (10.36 ppm) and tobacco leaves (11.57 ppm). Cd concentrations tended to be lower in the edible portion (seed, fruit, tubers) than in other plant parts. Added Cd affected yields in only a few instances. But in another experiment, Cd added at a rate of 5 ppm to five soils decreased the yield of lettuce in most instances. In a comparison of results for two similarly managed sandy loam soils, nearly neutral in reaction but differing in organic matter content (2.17 vs. 15.95% organic C), the concentration of Cd was lower in lettuce grown in the soil with the higher amount of organic matter. The Cd content of the lettuce was reduced by liming some of the acid soils. Addition of Cd increased the concentration of Zn in the plants appreciably, but added Zn did not affect Cd uptake. In an incubation experiment comprising five soils, DTPA (diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid) extractable Cd decreased with liming of three Cd-treated acid soil samples. In comparisons of two sandy loam soils and of surface and subsoil layers of a sand, extractable Cd increased with higher amounts of soil organic matter.

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The relationship between apparent retention time in the rumen, voluntary intake, and apparent digestibility of legume and grass diets in sheep

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9730889 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 889 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

RF Thornton ◽

DJ Minson

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Retention Time ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Jaw Movements ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

Voluntary Intake ◽

The Relationship

Eight grasses and six legumes were fed ad libitum at hourly intervals to wethers fitted with large rumen fistulas to determine voluntary intake, apparent digestibility, and the apparent retention time of organic matter in the rumen, as well as the quantity of rumen digesta and the organic matter content of the rumen digesta. The voluntary intake of legumes was 28% higher than that of equally digestible grasses. This difference was caused by a shorter retention time (17%) and a higher amount of organic matter (14%) in the rumen digesta from legume diets than from grass diets. The weight of wet digesta in the rumen of sheep fed on legumes was 7% lower than from those fed on grass. Neither the quantity of digesta nor the quantity of organic matter in the rumen was related to the voluntary intake, digestibility, or retention time of organic matter in the rumen. Number of jaw movements each day and rate of cotton thread digestion were not related to the retention time of the diets either. Daily intake of digestible organic matter (DOMI, g/day) was closely correlated with retention time (RTOM, hr) for the feeds in this study (r = –0.93) and the same relation applied to both temperate and tropical feeds, viz. DOMI = 1276–50.7 RTOM (r=0.96) Differences in voluntary intake between grasses and legumes were attributed to differences in retention time and the density to which the food was packed in the rumen.

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The relationship between digestibility or energy losses as methane and metabolisable energy content of whole crop wheat

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600030142 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 1996 ◽

pp. 41-41

Author(s):

A.T. Adesogan ◽

E. Owen ◽

D.I. Givens

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Energy Content ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Energy Losses ◽

Digestible Organic Matter ◽

Metabolisable Energy ◽

The Cost ◽

The Relationship

Estimates of the metabolisable energy (ME) content of whole crop wheat (WCW) derived using measured energy losses as methane (ELMm) are lacking due to the cost of measuring ELMm. Published ME values of WCW are largely calculated using predicted energy losses as methane (ELMp, Blaxter and Clapperton, 1965) or digestible organic matter content (DOMD) in vivo. However, there appears to be no published information about the accuracy with which DOMD in vivo or ELMp predicts the ME content of WCW. Therefore, this study assessed the validity of such ME predictions by comparing them with ME contents calculated using ELMm.

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The Relationship between Mollusks and Oxygen Concentrations in Todos Santos Bay, Baja California, Mexico

Journal of Marine Biology ◽

10.1155/2016/5757198 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. Gabriel Kuk-Dzul ◽

Victoria Díaz-Castañeda

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Bottom Water ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Oxygen Depletion ◽

Matter Content ◽

The Other ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

The Relationship ◽

Oxygen Concentrations

This study describes the relationship between mollusks, physicochemical properties of seawater, and sediments under natural conditions of low impact. Thirty-nine stations were sampled in October 1994 using a Van Veen grab (0.1 m−2). Temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations of bottom water were obtained with a CTD. Organic matter content and sediment grain analysis were determined. A total of 836 mollusks were collected. Gastropoda was the most abundant (52%) and diverse class with 27 genera, followed by Bivalvia with eight genera and Scaphopoda with only one genus. According to CCA analysis, dominant mollusks were significantly related with high DO concentrations.Donax,Natica,Acteocina,Bulla,Anachis,Odostomia, andCrucibulumcan be classified as sensitive genera because they were found mainly in high oxygen concentrations (3.1–5.6 mL L−1); on the other hand,Cardiomya,Nuculana,Laevicardium,Chione,Truncatella, andDentaliumcan be classified as tolerant genera (1.0–5.6 mL L−1). Todos Santos Bay hosts a diverse malacological fauna (36 genera); our results show that the dominant genera were mainly related to high dissolved oxygen concentrations. Mollusks can be a useful tool in environmental monitoring programs related with oxygen depletion in coastal areas.

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Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis of the P Status in Potato Crops

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.30.4.863d ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 863D-863

Author(s):

Adou Rahim Alimi Assimiou ◽

Léon E. Parent

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Nutrient Balance ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Acid Soils ◽

Matter Content ◽

Triple Superphosphate ◽

Balance Assessment ◽

Potato Crops ◽

P Fertilizers

In Quebec, potato crops are largely grown on light acid soils altered by podzolization. In the plow layer, abundance of sesquioxides, low pH and low organic matter content produce high P-fixing capacity. Liming to pH not exceeding 5.6, organic matter additions and banding of P fertilizers are practices to improve the P status in the soil–plant system. Plant response to treatments could be diagnosed by yield evaluation and foliar analysis. Agricultural lime, dolomitic limestone and basalt were applied to an acid soil (pH 4.6). Ordinary superphosphate, biosuperphosphate, triple superphosphate, and diammonium phosphate impregnated with humic peat were banded at two rates. Highest tuber yield was 40 t·ha–1. There was no response to liming materials as pH did not exceed 4.9. There was a significant response to P fertilizers. Nutrient balance assessment of the foliage by Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis indicated a critical “d” value of 1.5 and a critical P index of 0.8.

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Uptake of thallium from artificially contaminated soils by kale (Brassica oleracea L., var. acephala)

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/3545-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 544-549 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J. Pavlíčková ◽

J. Zbíral ◽

M. Smatanová ◽

P. Habarta ◽

P. Houserová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Acid Soil ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

First Year ◽

The Third ◽

Very High ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

A pot experiment focused on the study of factors influencing thallium transfer from contaminated soils into kale (green cabbage, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala, variety Winterbor F1) was evaluated. Three different types of topsoils with naturally low content of thallium (heavy, medium and medium-light soil) were used for pot experiments. The soils were contaminated with thallium sulfate to achieve five levels of contamination (0, 0.52, 2.10, 4.20 and 5.88 mg/kg). There were six replicates for each combination (90 pots in the experiment). The first part of the experiment started in the year of contamination (2001) and continued in 2003. The soil samples and the samples of kale (leaves and stalks were sampled separately) were collected and analysed. Kale was found to be able to accumulate Tl without any influence on yield. The highest thallium concentration was found in the leaves of kale in the first year of the experiment and reached 326 mg/kg dry matter. Bioaccumulation factor (Biological Absorption Coefficient – BAC) was found to be over 80 during the first year of the experiment. In the third year the BAC was around 3 for the soil with the highest pH and the highest organic matter content but as high as 15 for an acid soil with the lowest content of organic matter and the lowest Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of soils. The content of thallium in the leaves of kale was found to be 7 to 10 times higher than in the stalks in the third year. In the first year this ratio was up to 18. From these findings it can be concluded that the ability of some plants of Brassicacea family, that are planted as common vegetables, to accumulate thallium is very high and can be a serious danger for food chains. Neutral soils high in CEC and organic matter are able to bind thallium more effectively than poor acid soils and the transfer of Tl into plants from these soils is substantially lower. The uptake of Tl from contaminated soils into kale can be very high and without any negative effect on the plant growth. The transfer of Tl into kale decreases with the time necessary to reach the equilibrium between the added Tl and the soil (ageing of a sample).

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Adsorption of pesticides by some Australian soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9810061 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

GG Briggs

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Organic Matter ◽

North American ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Organic Chemicals ◽

The Relationship

Adsorption of non-ionized organic chemicals from aqueous solution by 17 Australian soils was related to the organic matter content of the soils. The soil organic matter/water distribution (Kom) for each chemical was similar in all soils and could be predicted from the octanol/water distribution (Kow) of the chemical. The relationship between these two distributions, log Kom = 0.52log Kow, + 0.69, is similar to that reported for European and North American soils.

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THE AVAILABLE BORON CONTENT OF THE GENETIC HORIZONS OF SOME ONTARIO SOILS: I. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WATER-SOLUBLE BORON AND OTHER SOIL PROPERTIES

Canadian Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.4141/cjss66-022 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 133-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

N. S. Miljkovic ◽

B. C. Matthews ◽

M. H. Miller

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Boron Content ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Clay Content ◽

Important Variable ◽

Matter Content ◽

Parent Material ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Hot Water ◽

The Relationship

The available boron content of the genetic horizons of eight Ontario soils was determined using a hot-water extraction and a sunflower test. The available boron was highest in the surface horizons and decreased in the zones of eluviation to a level equal to or lower than that in the parent material. The content in the horizons was generally higher than that in the C horizons.The water-soluble boron was closely related to the organic matter content in a quadratic regression (R2 = 0.691). When pH and clay content were included in regressions, a positive organic matter × pH component was the single most important variable, explaining 64.4% of the variability. Additional terms involving clay content and pH did not greatly increase the R2 value.

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KEANEKARAGAMAN MOLUSKA BERDASARKAN TEKSTUR SEDIMEN DAN KADAR BAHAN ORGANIK PADA MUARA SUNGAI BETAHWALANG, KABUPATEN DEMAK (Molluscs Diversity based on Sediment Texture and Organic Matter Content in Betahwalang Estuary, Demak Regency)

SAINTEK PERIKANAN Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology ◽

10.14710/ijfst.13.1.58-64 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Hana Nisau Shalihah ◽

Pujiono Wahyu Purnomo ◽

Niniek Widyorini

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Matter Content ◽

Survey Method ◽

Sediment Texture ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Contaminant Load

Muara Sungai Betahwalang merupakan ekosistem yang mendapat masukan dari kegiatan penduduk daerah pemukiman sekitar dan dari Sungai Jajar. Muatan pencemar akan mempengaruhi kondisi muara terutama substrat dasar pada sungai Betah walang. Tekstur dan kandungan bahan organik di dalam sedimen menentukan keberadaan moluska. Tekstur sedimen merupakan tempat untuk menempel dan merayap atau berjalan, sedangkan bahan organik merupakan sumber makanan bagi moluska. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman moluska, tekstur sedimen dan kadar bahan organik, serta untuk mengetahui hubungan antara variabel. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survey dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Purposive Sampling. Sampel diambil pada 5 stasiun dan masing-masing stasiun terdiri dari 3 titik. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa terdapat 10 genera dari kelas Gastropoda yaitu Littorina, Cerithidea, Turritella, Clathrodrillia, Fasciolaris, Conus, Filopaludina, Pila, Melanoides dan Telescopium dan 4 genera dari kelas Bivalvia yaitu Anadara, Mesodesma, Mytilus dan Donax. Karakteristik substrat di muara Sungai Betahwalang adalah liat dan liat berpasir dengan kadar bahan organik berkisar antara 6,2-17,4 %. Hubungan moluska dengan tekstur sedimen terutama liat mempunyai korelasi positif dengan persamaan y = 6.94x + 224.0 (r = 0.535). Hubungan moluska dengan bahan organik mempunyai korelasi positif dengan persamaan y = 33.44x + 271.1 (r = 0.507) dan R2 = 0.257 Betahwalang Estuary is an ecosystem that gets input from the activities of the surrounding residents area and from the Jajar River. Contaminant load from upstream will affect the condition of the substrate in Betah walang river. Texture and organic matter content in the sediments determine the presence of molluscs. Sediment texture is a place for molluscs to stick, crawl or walk, while organic matter is a source of food for them. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity of molluscs, sediment textures and organic matter content, and to know the relationship between those variables. The method used is survey method with sampling using Purposive Sampling method. Samples were taken at 5 stations and each station consisted of 3 spots. The results show that 10 genera of the Gastropod class were Littorina, Cerithidea, Turritella, Clathrodoillia, Fasciolaris, Conus, Filopaludina, Pila, Melanoides and Telescopium and 4 genera of Bivalves class were Anadara, Mesodesma, Mytilus and Donax. Betahwalang estuary are characterized by clay and sandy clay with organic material content between 6,2-17,4%. The relationship of molluscs with sediment texture, especially clay, has a positive correlation with the equation y = 6.94x + 224.0 (r = 0.535). The relationship of molluscs with organic matter has a positive correlation with the equation y = 33.44x + 271.1 (r = 0.507).

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