Federal Constitutional Influences on State Judicial Review

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Groves
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Federal Constitutional

Adjudicating Economics? Central Bank Independence and the Appropriate Standard of Judicial Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Goldmann
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Unconventional Monetary Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Measure ◽  
European Central ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Federal Constitutional

In Karlsruhe's recent request for a preliminary ruling, an unconventional monetary policy measure of the European Central Bank (ECB) finds an unconventional judicial response. Based on its mandate to enforce the fundamental right to vote, the Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) leaves no doubt about its view that the ECB's Outright Monetary Transactions Programme (OMT Programme) violates the law of the European Union and hence the German Basic Law, unless one reads them in a rather restrictive way. But as unconventional monetary policy steps up the need for the ECB to justify the legality of its measures, so does the FCC's unconventional expansion of the scope of judicial review raise questions which the recent decision in its—generally laudable—brevity leaves underexplored. In particular, the decision does not dwell much on the issue whether it is appropriate for a court to review issues of monetary policy, and which standard of review should apply. Only Judge Gerhardt calls the majority's standard of review into question when he doubts whether the requirement for transgressions of the European Union's competences to be “manifest” is a workable criterion for defining the scope of the FCC's ultra vires control.

Effektive Kompetenzabgrenzung aufgrund oder durch Verhältnismäßigkeit?

Der Staat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-296
Author(s):  
Nils Grosche
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
German Federal Constitutional Court ◽  
German Federal Constitutional

Der Grundsatz der Verhältnismäßigkeit steht im Zentrum der Auseinandersetzung über die Kompetenzabgrenzung durch die Verfassungsgerichte im europäischen Verfassungsverbund. Auf den ersten Blick wirkt seine Heranziehung schlicht als fortgesetzte Proliferation eines gleichermaßen tradierten wie profilierten öffentlich-rechtlichen Maßstabs in einem unionseigenen Kontext, dem Vorgaben für die Kompetenzabgrenzung einfach entnommen werden können. Der Beitrag behandelt die Möglichkeit einer hiervon abzugrenzenden Verständnisweise des Abstellens auf den Verhältnismäßigkeitsgrundsatz seitens des Bundesverfassungsgerichts. Hiernach soll die Anknüpfung an den Verhältnismäßigkeitsgrundsatz lediglich dazu dienen, spezifische Anforderungen an eine effektive Kompetenzabgrenzung einzulösen, ohne diese notwendig selbst zu enthalten. Die in Rede stehenden Anforderungen sind Antworten auf ein bestimmtes Problem: die Fähigkeiten des Normadressaten, durch geschickte Konstruktionen Kompetenzbindungen abzustreifen. The principle of proportionality is at the center of the judicial controversy concerning the question of EU institutions exceeding their respective competences. At first glance the reference to the principle of proportionality simply marks a new use case of a ubiquitously utilized standard of judicial review entailing specific requirements for the delimitation of competences. The article argues for a different perception of the application of the principle of proportionality by the German Federal Constitutional Court. According to this perception the principle of proportionality serves as a proxy in order to incorporate certain requirements for the effective delimitation of competences. These requirements are triggered by a specific problem: the capabilities of an addressee of a rule to circumvent it via smart design.

scholarly journals Pardon in german law

Lex Russica ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
D. V. Belling ◽  
G. Kulyamina
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
German Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Modern Germany ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In modern Germany, a secular state with a republican form of government, there is still the institution of pardon, known in the pre-Christian era. Under the current Constitution of Germany pardon is carried out by the President of Germany, the decision is not subject to judicial review. The relationship of mercy and justice has been controversial for centuries. Opinions differ in literature and court practice, up to the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany. A retrospective of the historical development of the practice of pardon, the analysis of the goals and consequences of this measure convincingly prove the need for the possibility of judicial review of clemency decisions enshrined in the legislation. This is the only effective way to prevent arbitrariness, abuse of power and violation of human rights. The modern legal state should not allow the negative experience of past dictatorships and monarchies.

Rethinking Judicial Review: The Latest Decision of the Plenum of the Federal Constitutional Court

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 991-1007
Author(s):  
Indra Spiecker genannt Döhmann
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
Rechtliches Gehör

In the past few years, almost half of the Verfassungsbeschwerden (individual constitutional complaints) brought before the Bundesverfassungsgericht (BVerfG –Federal Constitutional Court) claimed a violation of the Recht auf rechtliches Gehör (right to a hearing in court), guaranteed in Art. 103 para. 1 of the Grundgesetz (GG – German Basic Law). These constitutional complaints do not only constitute the largest number of all constitutional complaints, they are also the most successful ones: If such a violation is plausible, then the Court usually does not make use of its discretion to refuse to hear the case, but rules on the merits in favor of the complainants.

Political Innovation of the West German Federal Constitutional Court: The State of Discussion on Judicial Review

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Nova
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
West Germany ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The West ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
German Federal Constitutional Court ◽  
German Federal Constitutional

The Watergate controversies and especially the recent decision in Richard M. Nixon versus the United States on July 24, 1974 have again raised in the United States the problem of the political limits to judicial policy making and the need to strike a new balance among the three branches of government for preserving and maintaining a democratic policy. In this paper, which is based on largely primary judicial, political, and academic German sources up to the year 1972, the development of jurisprudence of the West German Federal Constitutional Court is analyzed and discussed, particularly the Court's experience with judicial review. The article is geared toward the student of comparative constitutionalism and comparative government, offering possible lessons to the United States and other Common Law constitutional courts. Less concerned with the practical work of the Court, except for brief comments on actual performance, the paper focuses on such problems as past and present German approval and disapproval of the notion of judicial review, the often erudite disputation on the merits of constitutional—especially “creative”—jurisprudence; the discussion on the political limits of judicial review; and trends in particular philosophical positions of the Court in contemporary West Germany.

scholarly journals Constitutional Interpretation and Foreign Law: A Comparative Analysis between the U.S. Supreme Court and the German Federal Constitutional Court

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (66) ◽  
pp. 85-129
Author(s):  
Mher Arshakyan ◽  
Jacopo Paffarini ◽  
Márcio Ricardo Staffen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Constitutional Interpretation ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
German Federal Constitutional Court ◽  
German Federal Constitutional

The central purpose of this paper is to show that there are no major differences in the methods of constitutional interpretation in countries with varying degree of judicial review. Despite the fact that legal culture and traditions, underlying political theories, and values all affect methods of interpretation, there is no big gap in constitutional interpretation in practice in view of wide interpretive discretion. Obviously all legal systems require compliance with some fundamental interpretive standards irrespective of the legal system, and in a democratic society judicial decisions should be justified at least to avoid arbitrariness. The question is what are the limits beyond which judges cannot go in constitutional democracies? Can the foreign law be a parameter for judicial review of legislation? Hence, the style and method of legal argumentation that are used to justify the decision may differ in the countries belonging to different legal systems. Whether there are significant differences between the common law and civil law constitutional interpretation will be assessed through the comparative analysis of the United States Supreme Court and the German Federal Constitutional Court.

scholarly journals Paradoxes of Ultra-Vires Review: A Critical Review of the PSPP Decision and Its Initial Reception

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 979-994
Author(s):  
Mattias Wendel
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Federal Constitutional ◽  
German Federal Constitutional Court ◽  
German Federal Constitutional

AbstractThis contribution explores paradoxes of ultra vires review with specific regard to the PSPP decision of the German Federal Constitutional Court in the light of the decision’s initial reception. While some of these paradoxes are inherent in the very nature of ultra vires review, others are specific to the PSPP judgment. They relate to the underlying doctrinal and theoretical premises, to key concepts such as proportionality or the scope of judicial review, to the overall context in which the decision is embedded, and even to the community which is addressed and affected by the decision. It is the sad irony that the Federal Constitutional Court, while accusing others of manifestly exceeding their competences, does not sufficiently adhere to its own standards and increasingly risks overstretching the boundaries of its mandate under the Basic Law.

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