(The Role of Tax Havens in the Avoidance of Taxation on the International Level)

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitham Mohammed Nasr El-din
Keyword(s):  
International Level ◽  
Tax Havens

Solidarity and Social Justice in the European Union Seventy Years after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: The Role of European Judges

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 138-148
Author(s):  
Francesco Zammartino
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Universal Declaration ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
International Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Binding Force

Seventy Years after its proclamation, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, despite not having a binding force for the states, still provides at international level the fundamental text from which the principles and the values for the preservation of liberty and right of people are taken. In this article, the author particularly underlines the importance of Declaration’s article 1, which states: “All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights”. With these words the Declaration presses states to undertake economic policies aimed at achieving economic and social progress for all individuals. Unfortunately, we also have to underline the lack of effective social policies in government programs of the E.U. Member States. The author inquires whether it is left to European judges to affirm the importance of social welfare.

DE REDACTEUR EN HET BUITENLAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-27
Author(s):  
Wouter Egelmeers ◽  
Joris Vandendriessche
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
International Level ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Disciplinary Field ◽  
Dutch History ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

IMPORTING TEXTS FROM ABROAD Editors’ reuse of foreign historical texts in Dutch periodicals, 1780-1860 This article explores the ways in which the editors of five Dutch history journals and three magazines for general circulation copied historical texts from abroad, between 1780 and 1860. By comparing original texts with reprinted versions, we show that the editors’ work involved not only ‘passive’ duplication (reprinting in full), but also more active forms of intervention, from the selection of text fragments to their translation, modification or critical review. These varied editorial practices point to a broader creative process through which historical knowledge was tailored to an emerging and nationally-oriented academic audience. Editors here assumed the role of mediators, gatekeepers even in the sense that their judgment determined the very choice of texts. At a time when the study of history was evolving at both the national and international level, and when the relationship between actors making up the disciplinary field was also in flux, editors thus became influential figures.

The role of forensic science and forensic examination in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-186
Author(s):  
Valery Yu. Shepitko ◽  
Mykhaylo V. Shepitko
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
International Criminal ◽  
Expert Witness ◽  
International Crime ◽  
National Level ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
International Level

The application of forensic science and expertise is a necessary prerequisite for the investigation of crimes at the local and national level. Without the use of forensic science and expertise, an investigation within the framework of a criminal process becomes dead and unsubstantiated. But with the globalisation of world processes, the development of technologies, the speed of information transmission, the formation of crime outside the borders of one state and its entry into the international level has become an urgent problem, which has become a challenge in countering such crime and the need to steer forensic science and expertise towards assisting law enforcement activities. A special feature of countering the investigation of crimes was the creation of international cooperation between forensic specialists and expert witnesses even prior to the establishment of practical institutions that could counteract them in practice. Therewith, some representatives of such international unions and associations have taken serious steps in creating mechanisms for real counteraction to crimes at the international level (R.A. Reiss, G. Soderman, M.Sh. Bassiuni). Coverage of the problem of international cooperation in the investigation of crimes through the definition of the role of forensic science and expertise allowed focusing on the following blocks: 1) international associations of forensic specialists for combating crime in the historical context; 2) international criminal police organisations in combating crime; 3) international cooperation in the field of conducting forensic examinations; 4) the use of forensic and special knowledge in the activities of the International Criminal Court. Thus, a combination of theory and practice in the fight against crime is demonstrated. Historically, this is associated with the role of forensic science and expertise in recording traces of crimes, analysing them, and forming legal, forensic, and expert witness opinions. The purpose of the study is to establish the decisive role of forensic science and expertise in international cooperation in the investigation of crimes. For this, the authors turned to forensic science and expertise, historical processes that served to create substantial international organisations created to counter international crime

scholarly journals ON THE ROLE AND TASKS OF DOMESTIC FISHERY SCIENCE IN OCEANIC FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sauskan ◽  
Viktor Osadchii ◽  
Aleksandr Arkhipov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
International Level ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Bilateral Agreements ◽  
Fishery Science ◽  
The World ◽  
International Regulations

A role of Russian science is increasing along with domestic fisheries development in the world Ocean. One of the main tasks of researchers is to protect the interests of Russian fisheries on the international level. Such protection is based on living resources investigation and formulation of recommendations on their sustainable development, taking into account the international regulations’ and bilateral agreements’ demands.

scholarly journals Iberoamerica in network, GIS & TIC

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Antonio Vazquez Perez ◽  
Vicente Veliz Briones ◽  
Carlos G. Villacreses Viteri ◽  
Maria Rodriguez Gamez
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Spatial Databases ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
International Level ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Social Scale ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Network Gis

The paper presents a proposal related to the implementation of an Inter-University Network and Research Centers in the Ibero-American area, related to the management of spatial information using the Techniques of Information Technology and Communications (ICT), where it is proposed as a coordinating center and manager of knowledge to the Technical University of Manabí for having special geographical conditions and professionals with experience in the management of spatial databases and Geoportals. Universities and research centers are a reservoir of knowledge with high potential for the scientific and technical development of society. The Technical University of Manabí in Ecuador is an institution committed to the future of society, which outlines its vision of work in the implementation of projects that allow the use of technical and professional skills of students and teachers. In the current decade, projects are being developed at an international level aimed at strengthening the role of spatial information for the management of sustainable development on a social scale. Geographic information systems (GIS) and computer and communications (TIC) techniques have demonstrated their versatility to be applied to different lines of work and projects.

The Interface Between Intellectual Property and Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 615-639
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel-Latif ◽  
Pedro Roffe
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
International Level ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Context ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Global Agenda

Sustainable development has emerged as a key priority in the global agenda, and the intellectual property (IP) system has come to interact with it more closely. This has resulted in the emergence of a range of policy and legal issues that the IP system is still grappling with in relation to biodiversity, climate change and the diffusion of green technologies, food security, and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) more generally. In this regard, this chapter aims to provide an overview of how the interface between IP and sustainable development has evolved particularly at the international level. It examines how IP has been dealt with in key sustainable development fora and how sustainable development has been addressed in international IP settings. The chapter also points out some efforts and initiatives seeking to bridge the gap between the realms of sustainable development and IP. In addition, it considers several legal issues at this interface which require further research. The chapter finds that while there have been extensive multilateral discussions on this topic, they have not, in general, resulted in changes to existing international IP rules to accommodate sustainable development concerns. The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development can provide a space to advance this discussion through an inclusive dialogue which addresses the role of IPRs in sustainable development both in terms of promoting innovation and providing access to the fruits of such innovation. Such a dialogue which brings together a diversity of views and stakeholders could help foster a broader approach to IP in the sustainable development context.

Competence over Control

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-99
Author(s):  
Alexander Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International Level ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
Over Time

The UN Security Council increasingly authorizes weapons inspections to enforce nonproliferation. These are cases of indirect governance, where the Council (the governor) relies on separate bodies (intermediaries) to conduct inspections in states of concern (targets). Despite the risks, the Council often seems willing to forego control in return for gaining the benefits of a competent intermediary that can address its ambitious policy goals and capability deficits. These cases point to important differences between preexisting intermediaries (such as the IAEA and OPCW) and ad hoc intermediaries created for specific tasks (such as the inspection commissions that operated in Iraq). The latter are far more amendable to control, both ex ante and ex post. Over time, we see increasing goal divergence between the governor and intermediaries, driven mainly by the shifting interests of Security Council members, but we also see the competence of intermediaries increase as they gain on-the-ground experience, making control more difficult. The collective nature of the Security Council further complicates control efforts, creating a temptation for individual members to interfere unilaterally with intermediaries and targets. The analysis suggests that the role of sovereign, strategic targets deserves more attention in the study of indirect governance at the international level.

3. The demise of scientific racism

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Ali Rattansi
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
World Order ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
International Level ◽  
Scientific Racism ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
The Holocaust

In the aftermath of the Holocaust and the ending of World War II in 1945, the role of eugenics and scientific racism in underpinning the ideology of Nazism was impossible to ignore. It was clear that the question of racism and its scientific basis had to be confronted at an international level as part of the attempt to build a successful post-fascist world order. ‘The demise of scientific racism’ describes the post-1950 period of work by biologists and social scientists to undermine the scientific claims of the category of race. It outlines the role of genetics, DNA sequencing, and genomics in showing that there is more genetic variety within different population groups than between them.

22. NGOs in world politics

2019 ◽  
pp. 349-364
Author(s):  
Jutta Joachim
Keyword(s):  
Security Council ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
World Politics ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
International Level ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Peace And Security

This chapter examines the role of transnational non-governmental organizations (TNGOs) in world politics. It considers what distinguishes TNGOs from other actors in international politics, what types of influence NGOs exert in international relations, and whether TNGOs contribute to more democratic policy-making at the international level. The chapter also discusses the growing importance of TNGOs and presents two case studies that illustrate how they contribute to the emergence of new norms through their engagement with international governmental organizations (IGOs), provide assistance to those in need, but also highlight the diversity that exists among the organizations. The first is about the adoption of United Nations Security Council resolution 1325 ‘Women, Peace, and Security’ to which TNGOs contributed in a significant manner, while the second is about the search and rescue missions of migrants which TNGOs undertake in the Mediterranean Sea. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether TNGOs contribute to more democracy at the international level.

22. NGOs in world politics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jutta Joachim
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
International Level ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Transnational Ngos

This chapter examines the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in world politics. It considers what distinguishes NGOs from other actors in international politics, what types of influence NGOs exert in international relations, and whether NGOs contribute to more democratic policy-making at the international level. The chapter also discusses the growing importance of NGOs and presents two case studies that illustrate how they have contributed to the emergence of new norms through their engagement with international governmental organizations (IGOs): the first is about campaigns run by transnational NGOs to end violence against women and the second is about their climate justice activism. There is also an Opposing Opinions box that asks whether transnational NGOs contribute to more democracy at the international level.

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