Global Burden of Colistin Resistant Bacteria: Mobilized Colistin Resistant Genes Study 1980-2018

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Elbediwi ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Narayan Paudyal ◽  
Hang Pan ◽  
Xiaoliang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Resistant Genes

An Uncommon ST1224 NDM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from the Bloodstream of a Leukemia Patient in China

Chemotherapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxiao Zhang ◽  
Jia Du ◽  
Cui Zhou ◽  
Jianming Cao ◽  
Hong Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Southern Blot ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Leukemia Patient ◽  
Resistant Genes

Aims: This study aimed to analyze the clinical data and characteristics of an NDM-1 (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the bloodstream of a leukemia patient. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was used for the clinical data of the patient. The modified Hodge test (MHT) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-disk synergy test were used for detecting metallo-β-lactamase. Antibiotic resistance was determined using the agar dilution method. PCR was used to identify resistance genes. S1-PFGE (S1 nuclease/pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) and Southern blot hybridization were performed to determine the location of blaNDM-1. A conjugation experiment was used to confirm the transferable characteristics of the resistant genes. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was also performed. Results: The patient developed bloodstream infections caused by this NDM-1-producing strain and died due to worsening of the condition. The strain was highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and coharbored blaNDM-1, qnrB, and blaCTX-M-9 genes. Southern blot confirmed that blaNDM-1 was located on a plasmid of approximately 55 kb and could be transferred to Escherichia coli J53. MLST analysis showed that this strain belonged to an uncommon sequence type ST1224. Conclusion: The coexistence of various resistant genes is the mechanism for resistance to most antibiotics. Additionally, infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria increase the mortality of patients with immunodeficiency, which alerts clinicians to establish a rational and effective combination drug therapy.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistant Bacterial Isolates from Captive Green Turtles andIn VitroSensitivity to Bacteriophages

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Delli Paoli Carini ◽  
Ellen Ariel ◽  
Jacqueline Picard ◽  
Lisa Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Chelonia Mydas ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Green Turtles ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Resistance Rates

This study aimed to test multidrug resistant isolates from hospitalised green turtles(Chelonia mydas)and their environment in North Queensland, Australia, forin vitrosusceptibility to bacteriophages. Seventy-one Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from green turtle eye swabs and water samples. Broth microdilution tests were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility. All isolates were resistant to at least two antibiotics, with 24% being resistant to seven of the eight antibiotics. Highest resistance rates were detected to enrofloxacin (77%) and ampicillin (69.2%). More than 50% resistance was also found to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (62.5%), ceftiofur (53.8%), and erythromycin (53.3%). All the enriched phage filtrate mixtures resulted in the lysis of one or more of the multidrug resistant bacteria, includingVibrio harveyiandV. parahaemolyticus. These results indicate that antibiotic resistance is common in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from hospitalised sea turtles and their marine environment in North Queensland, supporting global concern over the rapid evolution of multidrug resistant genes in the environment. Using virulent bacteriophages as antibiotic alternatives would not only be beneficial to turtle health but also prevent further addition of multidrug resistant genes to coastal waters.

scholarly journals Impacts of florfenicol on the microbiota landscape and resistome as revealed by metagenomic analysis

Microbiome ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qifan Zeng ◽  
Chao Liao ◽  
Jeffery Terhune ◽  
Luxin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Drug-resistant fish pathogens can cause significant economic loss to fish farmers. Since 2012, florfenicol has become an approved drug for treating both septicemia and columnaris diseases in freshwater fish. Due to the limited drug options available for aquaculture, the impact of the therapeutical florfenicol treatment on the microbiota landscape as well as the resistome present in the aquaculture farm environment needs to be evaluated. Results Time-series metagenomic analyses were conducted to the aquatic microbiota present in the tank-based catfish production systems, in which catfish received standard therapeutic 10-day florfenicol treatment following the federal veterinary regulations. Results showed that the florfenicol treatment shifted the structure of the microbiota and reduced the biodiversity of it by acting as a strong stressor. Planctomycetes, Chloroflexi, and 13 other phyla were susceptible to the florfenicol treatment and their abundance was inhibited by the treatment. In contrast, the abundance of several bacteria belonging to the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia phyla increased. These bacteria with increased abundance either harbor florfenicol-resistant genes (FRGs) or had beneficial mutations. The florfenicol treatment promoted the proliferation of florfenicol-resistant genes. The copy number of phenicol-specific resistance genes as well as multiple classes of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) exhibited strong correlations across different genetic exchange communities (p < 0.05), indicating the horizontal transfer of florfenicol-resistant genes among these bacterial species or genera. Florfenicol treatment also induced mutation-driven resistance. Significant changes in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies were observed in membrane transporters, genes involved in recombination, and in genes with primary functions of a resistance phenotype. Conclusions The therapeutical level of florfenicol treatment significantly altered the microbiome and resistome present in catfish tanks. Both intra-population and inter-population horizontal ARG transfer was observed, with the intra-population transfer being more common. The oxazolidinone/phenicol-resistant gene optrA was the most prevalent transferred ARG. In addition to horizontal gene transfer, bacteria could also acquire florfenicol resistance by regulating the innate efflux systems via mutations. The observations made by this study are of great importance for guiding the strategic use of florfenicol, thus preventing the formation, persistence, and spreading of florfenicol-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Insights into the bacterial profiles and resistome structures following severe 2018 flood in Kerala, South India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumya Jaya Divakaran ◽  
Jamiema Sara Philip ◽  
Padma Chereddy ◽  
Sai Ravi Chandra Nori ◽  
Akshay Jaya Ganesh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Faecal Contamination ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Ecological Habitat ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Extreme Flooding

AbstractExtreme flooding is one of the major risk factors for human health, and it can significantly influence the microbial communities and enhance the mobility of infectious disease agents within its affected areas. The flood crisis in 2018 was one of the severe natural calamities recorded in the southern state of India (Kerala) that significantly affected its economy and ecological habitat. We utilized a combination of shotgun metagenomics and bioinformatics approaches for understanding microbiome disruption and the dissemination of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria on flooded sites. Here we report, altered bacterial profiles at the flooded sites having 77 significantly different bacterial genera in comparison with non-flooded mangrove settings. The flooded regions were heavily contaminated with faecal contamination indicators such asEscherichia coliandEnterococcus faecalisand resistant strains ofPseudomonas aeruginosa, SalmonellaTyphi/Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Vibrio choleraeandStaphylococcus aureus. The resistome of the flooded sites contains 103 resistant genes, of which 38% are encoded in plasmids, where most of them are associated with pathogens. The presence of 6 pathogenic bacteria and its susceptibility to multiple antibiotics including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and tetracycline hydrochloride were confirmed in flooded and post-flooded sites using traditional culture-based analysis followed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results reveal altered bacterial profile following a devastating flood event with elevated levels of both faecal contamination indicators and resistant strains of pathogenic bacteria. The circulation of raw sewage from waste treatment settings and urban area might facilitate the spreading of pathogenic bacteria and resistant genes.

scholarly journals Drug Resistance of Ocular Bacteria Considering Biofilm Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03041
Author(s):  
Yutong Liu ◽  
Xuanrong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Conjugation System ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽  
The Relationship

In order to further analyze the relationship between the coating mechanism of microorganisms and their drug resistance, a study of ocular bacterial drug resistance considering the coating mechanism of microorganisms was proposed. Firstly, the mechanism of drug resistance was analyzed, and on this basis, the experimental study was carried out. Staphylococcus aureus DH5 with RP4 was used as the control α( R) Objective to investigate the relationship between drug-resistant bacteria and coating mechanism in the cross genus conjugation system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOi and donor bacteria. The conclusion is that: under the condition that the horizontal transfer of drug-resistant genes between transgeneric bacteria in biofilm is inhibited, the frequency of drug-resistant gene conjugation and transfer gradually decreases, and the inhibition of the formation of drug-resistant bacterial biofilm will directly lead to the decrease of bacterial drug resistance.

scholarly journals Hospital wastewater effluent: hot spot for antibiotic resistant bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urška Rozman ◽  
Darja Duh ◽  
Mojca Cimerman ◽  
Sonja Šostar Turk
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Hospital Wastewater ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Beta Lactamases ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Hospital Wastewaters

Abstract Hospital wastewaters are highly complex effluents acting as a hotspot for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Especially, Gram-negative bacteria bearing multiple antibiotic resistant genes are increasingly found in hospital wastewaters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital wastewaters from one Slovenian and two Austrian hospitals, as well as the occurrence of antibiotic resistant genes encoding for VIM, KPC, NDM, CTXM and OXA beta-lactamases in isolates from hospital wastewater. The results indicated high levels of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in ranges up to 107 cfu/mL. Carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae and OXA 48-type CPE were present in ranges up to 105 cfu/mL. Out of 89 multiplied polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, only 36 were positive for different β-lactamase gene families, among those only three isolates were identified as multiresistant. The dominant ESBL family was CTXM in 19 different isolates. This was followed by 10 OXA-48 positive isolates and 10 VIM positive isolates. KPC or NDM carbapenemases were not identified with PCR screening of the isolates. Hospital wastewaters serve as a reservoir for nearly all clinically important antibiotic resistances. The importance of evaluating such potential environmental reservoirs is especially evident when outbreak cases could not be linked to an epidemiological source.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document