Surgery Sequencing Coordination with Recovery Resource Constraints

Planning documents for the Seventies emphasized the importance of primary education and the curtailment of the mushrooming growth at the higher level. Our review suggests that this policy has had only partial success in implementation. Viewed in the context of educational planning theory and the evidence available for Pakistan, the policy is found to be sound. While the benefits of a correct distribution of investment within the educational sector are self-evident, resource constraints have been leading to an overall underinvestment in the educational sector. We show that Pakistan's public sector education is highly subsidized and so to supplement the limited resources devoted to it, we recommend, as a possible solution, a selective application of user charges.

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Pre-Registration in the Undergraduate Dissertation: A Critical Discussion

10.31234/osf.io/egbcv ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Madeleine Pownall

Keyword(s):

Resource Constraints ◽

Open Science ◽

Critical Discussion ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Science Literature ◽

Statistics Anxiety ◽

Questionable Research Practices ◽

Research Findings ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Data Analysis Plan

Currently under review at Psychology Teaching Review. Over recent years, Psychology has become increasingly concerned with reproducibility and replicability of research findings (Munafò et al., 2017). One method of ensuring that research is hypothesis driven, as opposed to data driven, is the process of publicly pre-registering a study’s hypotheses, data analysis plan, and procedure prior to data collection (Nosek, Ebersole, DeHaven, & Mellor, 2018). This paper discusses the potential benefits of introducing pre-registration to the undergraduate dissertation. The utility of pre-registration as a pedagogic practice within dissertation supervision is also critically appraised, with reference to open science literature. Here, it is proposed that encouraging pre-registration of undergraduate dissertation work may alleviate some pedagogic challenges, such as statistics anxiety, questionable research practices, and research clarity and structure. Perceived barriers, such as time and resource constraints, are also discussed.

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SPREAD - A Routing Protocol to Meet End-to-end Adjusted Deadline in Real Time Wireless Sensor Networks

International Journal of Sensors Wireless Communications and Control ◽

10.2174/2210327909666190207164153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 63-78

Author(s):

Neetika Jain ◽

Sangeeta Mittal

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Real Time ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Resource Constraints ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Network Simulator ◽

Packet Delivery ◽

High Data ◽

Hard Real Time

Background: Real Time Wireless Sensor Networks (RT-WSN) have hard real time packet delivery requirements. Due to resource constraints of sensors, these networks need to trade-off energy and latency. Objective: In this paper, a routing protocol for RT-WSN named “SPREAD” has been proposed. The underlying idea is to reserve laxity by assuming tighter packet deadline than actual. This reserved laxity is used when no deadline-meeting next hop is available. Objective: As a result, if due to repeated transmissions, energy of nodes on shortest path is drained out, then time is still left to route the packet dynamically through other path without missing the deadline. Results: Congestion scenarios have been addressed by dynamically assessing 1-hop delays and avoiding traffic on congested paths. Conclusion: Through extensive simulations in Network Simulator NS2, it has been observed that SPREAD algorithm not only significantly reduces miss ratio as compared to other similar protocols but also keeps energy consumption under control. It also shows more resilience towards high data rate and tight deadlines than existing popular protocols.

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Collaborating for Innovation

The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurship and Collaboration ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190633899.013.14 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 586-609

Author(s):

Peter G. Klein ◽

Mark D. Packard ◽

Karen Schnatterly

Keyword(s):

Organizational Structure ◽

Organizational Design ◽

Resource Constraints ◽

Spillover Effects ◽

Employee Motivation ◽

Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽

Marketplace Of Ideas ◽

Collaborative Innovation ◽

Barriers To Collaboration ◽

Innovation Outcomes

This chapter looks inside the firm at how organizational design affects collaboration in pursuit of corporate entrepreneurship or “intrapreneurship.” It shows how the intrafirm “marketplace” of ideas, employees, and resources can be strategically configured to encourage or inhibit collaborative innovation. The chapter focuses on the key structural dimensions of autonomy, sponsorship, and incentives. Complementarities between these dimensions create spillover effects that produce unique innovation outcomes by mitigating barriers to collaboration such as knowledge problems, resource constraints, and employee motivation. Illustrating configurations of these dimensions with company examples, the chapter shows how organizational design affects intrapreneurship and offers suggestions on how firms might strategically align their organizational structure with their intrapreneurial strategy.

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Power-Based Non-Intrusive Condition Monitoring for Terminal Device in Smart Grid

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20133635 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (13) ◽

pp. 3635 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guoming Zhang ◽

Xiaoyu Ji ◽

Yanjie Li ◽

Wenyuan Xu

Keyword(s):

Smart Grid ◽

Power Consumption ◽

Real Time ◽

Condition Monitoring ◽

Resource Constraints ◽

Detection System ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Detection Accuracy ◽

Monitoring Method ◽

Dsp Processors

As a critical component in the smart grid, the Distribution Terminal Unit (DTU) dynamically adjusts the running status of the entire smart grid based on the collected electrical parameters to ensure the safe and stable operation of the smart grid. However, as a real-time embedded device, DTU has not only resource constraints but also specific requirements on real-time performance, thus, the traditional anomaly detection method cannot be deployed. To detect the tamper of the program running on DTU, we proposed a power-based non-intrusive condition monitoring method that collects and analyzes the power consumption of DTU using power sensors and machine learning (ML) techniques, the feasibility of this approach is that the power consumption is closely related to the executing code in CPUs, that is when the execution code is tampered with, the power consumption changes accordingly. To validate this idea, we set up a testbed based on DTU and simulated four types of imperceptible attacks that change the code running in ARM and DSP processors, respectively. We generate representative features and select lightweight ML algorithms to detect these attacks. We finally implemented the detection system on the windows and ubuntu platform and validated its effectiveness. The results show that the detection accuracy is up to 99.98% in a non-intrusive and lightweight way.

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Health Status and Quality of Health Care Services of Congolese Refugees in Nakivale, Uganda

Journal of Food Research ◽

10.5539/jfr.v5n3p39 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Amegovu K. Andrew

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Health Services ◽

Resource Constraints ◽

Service Providers ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Health Service Delivery ◽

Health Facilities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adequate Food

Physical and emotional wellness, as well as access to healthcare, are foundations for successful resettlement. Without feeling healthy, it is difficult to work, to go school, or take care of a family. Many factors can affect refugee health, including geographic origin and refugee camp conditions. Refugees may face a wide variety of acute or chronic health issues (Office of Refugee Resettlement, ORR Annual Report to Congress 2014; http://www.acf.hhs.gov). Resettlement of refugees in Uganda is usually supported by concerted efforts of UNHCR, Governments through the Office of the Prime Minister, OPM with support from host communities, local and international Non-Governmental Organizations. Due to resource constraints and local factors, immigrants are often subjected to poor living conditions which coupled with inadequacy inessential medical supplies might significantly affects quality of care and health service delivery and hence, rendering refugees to poor health status. This study was conducted from 2013-2014 to assess the determinants of health status of Congolese refugees living in Nakivale refugee settlement, in Isingiro district- South Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study design was used involving mixed techniques of both qualitative and quantitative KAP survey. The study focussed on Congolese refugee population in Nakivale Refugee settlement. 2401 key informants’ interviews and 8 focus group discussions respectively were conducted targeting service providers and beneficiaries/Congolese refugees in this case. The data was analysed using SPSS ver.20, 2011. Although majority (97%) of respondents sought medical services from established health facilities, findings confirm a high level of ill health prevalence among Congolese refugees in Nakivale camp, however, the difference in health services and perceived health status in camp versus the one in DRcongo is insignificant ( p=0.000) with respondents perceiving their health status as worse than when they were their own Country before the resettlement. Identified key challenges affecting access & uptake of available health services includes: language barrier; inadequate drugs; and the long distances to access health facilities. The health status of refugees could be improved by addressing the challenges related to language, drug supplies in addition to humanising conditions of shelter, providing appropriate waste disposal facilities while proving adequate food rations and clean & safe drinking water.

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Virtualizing AI at the Distributed Edge Towards Intelligent IoT Applications

Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks ◽

10.3390/jsan10010013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Claudia Campolo ◽

Giacomo Genovese ◽

Antonio Iera ◽

Antonella Molinaro

Keyword(s):

Resource Constraints ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Traditional Approach ◽

Low Cost ◽

Iot Applications ◽

Software And Hardware ◽

Iot Devices ◽

Consumer Devices ◽

Hardware Platforms ◽

Smart Factories

Several Internet of Things (IoT) applications are booming which rely on advanced artificial intelligence (AI) and, in particular, machine learning (ML) algorithms to assist the users and make decisions on their behalf in a large variety of contexts, such as smart homes, smart cities, smart factories. Although the traditional approach is to deploy such compute-intensive algorithms into the centralized cloud, the recent proliferation of low-cost, AI-powered microcontrollers and consumer devices paves the way for having the intelligence pervasively spread along the cloud-to-things continuum. The take off of such a promising vision may be hurdled by the resource constraints of IoT devices and by the heterogeneity of (mostly proprietary) AI-embedded software and hardware platforms. In this paper, we propose a solution for the AI distributed deployment at the deep edge, which lays its foundation in the IoT virtualization concept. We design a virtualization layer hosted at the network edge that is in charge of the semantic description of AI-embedded IoT devices, and, hence, it can expose as well as augment their cognitive capabilities in order to feed intelligent IoT applications. The proposal has been mainly devised with the twofold aim of (i) relieving the pressure on constrained devices that are solicited by multiple parties interested in accessing their generated data and inference, and (ii) and targeting interoperability among AI-powered platforms. A Proof-of-Concept (PoC) is provided to showcase the viability and advantages of the proposed solution.

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Citizen science as a tool for arboviral vector surveillance in a resourced-constrained setting: results of a pilot study in Honiara, Solomon Islands, 2019

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10493-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Adam T. Craig ◽

Nathan Kama ◽

George Fafale ◽

Hugo Bugoro

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Citizen Science ◽

Resource Constraints ◽

Solomon Islands ◽

Disease Outbreaks ◽

Social Benefit ◽

Identification Accuracy ◽

Vector Surveillance ◽

Project Staff ◽

Middle Income

Abstract Background Recent arboviral disease outbreaks highlight the value a better understanding of the spread of disease-carrying mosquitoes across spatial-temporal scales can provide. Traditional surveillance tools are limited by jurisdictional boundaries, workforce constraints, logistics, and cost; factors that in low- and middle-income countries often conspire to undermine public health protection efforts. To overcome these, we undertake a pilot study designed to explore if citizen science provides a feasible strategy for arboviral vector surveillance in small developing Pacific island contexts. Methods We recruited, trained, and equipped community volunteers to trap and type mosquitos within their household settings, and to report count data to a central authority by short-message-service. Mosquito catches were independently assessed to measure participants’ mosquito identification accuracy. Other data were collected to measure the frequency and stability of reporting, and volunteers’ experiences. Results Participants collected data for 78.3% of the study period, and agreement between the volunteer citizen scientists’ and the reviewing entomologist’s mosquito identification was 94%. Opportunity to contribute to a project of social benefit, the chance to learn new skills, and the frequency of engagement with project staff were prime motivators for participation. Unstable electricity supply (required to run the trap’s fan), insufficient personal finances (to buy electricity and phone credit), and inconvenience were identified as barriers to sustained participation. Conclusions While there are challenges to address, our findings suggest that citizen science offers an opportunity to overcome the human resource constraints that conspire to limit health authorities’ capacity to monitor arboviral vectors across populations. We note that the success of citizen science-based surveillance is dependent on the appropriate selection of equipment and participants, and the quality of engagement and support provided.

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