scholarly journals Some information on biology of three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Linnaeus, 1758 in the Barents Sea coastal region (East Murman)

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-121
Author(s):  
M. V. Garmash ◽  
N. G. Zhuravleva
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
The Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Murmansk Region

Three-spined stickleback is one of the widespread fish species of East Murman. It is found in 13 catchment areas of the Barents Sea coast in the eastern part of the Murmansk region, including major rivers, shallow river basins and inter-basin spaces. Stickleback is found in such lakes as Enozero, Pervoe Titovskoe, Opasovskoe, Dolgoe, etc, and in the rivers Yokanga, Varzina, Kharlovka, Voronia, Teriberka, etc. There is no detailed biological description of stickleback in this area, and the information available only mentions its presence in water bodies and occurrence in the stomachs of predators. The present paper provides data on three-spined stickleback caught in the coastal region of the Barents Sea at a depth of 120-123 m. The marine form of stickleback spends entire life cycle in the sea. In the Barents Sea, stickleback has a pelagic way of life, going quite far from the shore. According to the published data, its habitat depth in the Barents Sea is 50-450 m, with an average of 270 m, where temperature varies from 0 to 4 °C, with salinity 33-35 ‰. It has been found out that stickleback is represented by two morphotypes - trachurus with a keel (98 %) and semiarmatus (2 %) with a keel. The study has revealed different number of lateral plates and the nature of their distribution on the body of stickleback. In the study area, individuals of different size groups could be found. On average their body length ranges from 51 to 60 mm with a maximum length of 81 mm; the weight changes from 0.79 to 1.39 g. The authors have observed positive allometry of the dependence of mass on body length. Proportion of empty stomachs is almost 100 % with the fat content 1-2 points. The gonads of males and females caught in August 2015 were in after spawning condition. Females comprise the majority of the population (65 %). Infestation of stickleback with helminths is insignificant. Larvae of Anisakis simplex nematode have been observed most frequently during the examination of internal organs and body cavity.

scholarly journals Crustal domains in the Western Barents Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. 2155-2169
Author(s):  
Alexey Shulgin ◽  
Jan Inge Faleide ◽  
Rolf Mjelde ◽  
Asbjørn Breivik ◽  
Ritske Huismans
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gravity Modelling ◽  
Southern Boundary ◽  
Mafic Intrusions ◽  
Crustal Block ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Crystalline Crust ◽  
Regional Gravity

SUMMARY The crustal architecture of the Barents Sea is still enigmatic due to complex evolution during the Timanian and Caledonian orogeny events, further complicated by several rifting episodes. In this study we present the new results on the crustal structure of the Caledonian–Timanian transition zone in the western Barents. We extend the work of Aarseth et al. (2017), by utilizing the seismic tomography approach to model Vp, Vs and Vp/Vs ratio, combined with the reprocessed seismic reflection line, and further complemented with gravity modelling. Based on our models we document in 3-D the position of the Caledonian nappes in the western Barents Sea. We find that the Caledonian domain is characterized by high crustal reflectivity, caused by strong deformation and/or emplacement of mafic intrusions within the crystalline crust. The Timanian domain shows semi-transparent crust with little internal reflectivity, suggesting less deformation. We find, that the eastern branch of the earlier proposed Caledonian suture, cannot be associated with the Caledonian event, but can rather be a relict from the Timanian terrane assemblance, marking one of the crustal microblocks. This crustal block may have an E–W striking southern boundary, along which the Caledonian nappes were offset. A high-velocity/density crustal body, adjacent to the Caledonian–Timanian contact zone, is interpreted as a zone of metamorphosed rocks based on the comparison with global compilations. The orientation of this body correlates with regional gravity maxima zone. Two scenarios for the origin of the body are proposed: mafic emplacement during the Timanian assembly, or massive mafic intrusions associated with the Devonian extension.

The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) infection with Schistocephalus solidus in Hel marina (Puck Bay, Baltic Sea, Poland)

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Mačát ◽  
Adam Bednařík ◽  
Martin Rulík
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Body Width ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Schistocephalus Solidus ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Puck Bay

AbstractParasitic relations between animals are very common in wild nature. In this paper, we studied levels of infection in three-spined stickleback with plerocercoids of Schistocephalus solidus from Puck Bay (Baltic Sea, Poland). The total prevalence of infection was 54.2%, while proportion of infected individuals was significantly higher for females than for males. The body width was found to be significantly positively correlated with the number and the weight of parasites. In spite of the increasing deterioration of the Baltic Sea ecosystem by excessive eutrophication and hypoxia, lower prevalence of infection compared to previous published data indicates that there are likely other factors than pollution affecting the life cycle of parasites and the level of parasitism.

SPECIES-SPECIFIC PATTERNS OF REFUGE USE IN FISH: THE ROLE OF METABOLIC EXPENDITURE AND BODY LENGTH

Behaviour ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 137 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1113-1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Ruxton ◽  
Jens Krause ◽  
David Cheng ◽  
Emma Kirkman
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Relative Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Expenditure ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractBeing in a refuge has benefits in terms of predator avoidance and costs in terms of lost feeding opportunities. We investigated how the relative importance of these costs and benefits changes with increasing body length in two sympatric fish species, the minnow, Phoxinus phoxinus, and the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, which differ in their morphological anti-predator adaptations. Minnows were slower to emerge after taking refuge than sticklebacks, and spent less time outside it, which is consistent with the idea that minnows, which lack the morphological defences (such as spines) of sticklebacks, are more cautious of predators than the latter. Food-deprivation experiments indicated that the costs of missed feeding opportunities in terms of relative weight loss were lower for minnows than sticklebacks. Therefore hiding in a refuge comes at a lower metabolic cost for minnows than sticklebacks. Both species reduced their hiding time when food deprived and increased it following a predation threat. Furthermore, they both showed a strong trend for longer hiding periods and shorter exploration times outside the refuge with increasing body length. Our results suggest that in sticklebacks the body length-dependence of hiding times was a result of perceived predation risks being constant with increasing body length whereas relative weight losses decreased. Thus larger fish could metabolically afford to be more cautious. In minnows, both the predation risk and metabolic expenditure decreased with increasing body length suggesting that the longer hiding times in larger fish represented a trade-off between the two factors.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CALVES FROM DIFFERENT DAMS SERVED BY SAME BULKL

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
S. I. OMEJE ◽  
S. O. ALAKU ◽  
B. I. ODO ◽  
K. I. EMEHELU
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Cattle Ranch ◽  
The Individual

The growth performance of seve calves from different Mutura dams served by same bull was studied in a mini cattle ranch. Body measurements were taken and observed for growth over a period of 12 months. The result indicates an apparaent difference among the calves in all parameters measured including body weight, body length, height at withers and heratgirth. Growth rate also showed increased differences among the experimental calves. The birth weights of the seven calves ranged from 9.8 to 13.0kg, with a mean value of 11.42+0.44 while the yearling weights were between 107.80 and 129.48kg with an overall mean of 120.57+2.44. The coefficients of variation for body weight at birth and at 12 monthys were 10.16 and 5.36% respectively. The results further revealed that body weight at yearling age correlated positively with all parameters and these include body length (r=0.81889, r2 = 67.09), height at withers (r=0.8837, r2=78.09). Similarly, body length had a positive correlation with height at withers (r=0.9667, r2=93.45) and heartgirth (r=0.8782, r2=77.13). White height at withers correlated positively with heartgirth (r=0.9291, r2=86.42). Similar trends were obtained in the regression of each of the body measurements on the other in which body weight changes depended more on those of body length (0.56) than on heartgirth (0.34). Judging from the observed variations existing among the individual calves resulting from the different cows at birth and at 12 months of age, maternal rather than paternal influences appeared to be more important in the traits studied.

scholarly journals Experience in identifying Sami sacred objects in Russian Lapland: “bratya”of the Srednii Peninsula, Murmansk coast of the Barents sea.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6-2020) ◽  
pp. 164-179
Author(s):  
Mark М. Shakhnovich ◽  
◽  
Marianna A. Kulkova ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Natural Object ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Sacred Objects ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Rock Pillars

The article is devoted by field investigations of stone natural object “Bratya”located in the Srednii Peninsula of the Murmansk coast of the Barents Sea which were in 2011. At the first the special study of objects-“sieidas”of theRussian Lapland was carried out in the Murmansk region. The geochemical investigations supported the speculation about some ancient rituals like sacrifices that has been performed around rock pillars. Apparently it was perceived as expressive natural object possessing sacred properties what named in historiography of the Sami ethnography as “sieid”.

Postglacial paleoceanology of the Barents sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
E.V. Ivanova ◽  
◽  
I.O. Murdmaa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermohaline Circulation ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Atlantic Water ◽  
Water Inflow ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum

The Chapter presents reconstructions of ice sheet boundaries, surface- and bottom-water environments in the Barents Sea for several postglacial intervals. The evolution of the basin during deglaciation is considered in relation to climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere and variations in the intensity of Atlantic water inflow from the last glacial maximum to the Holocene. Particular attention is paid to changes in the dominant sedimentation processes and to diachronous character of deglaciation. Reconstructions are based on our own (more than 30 deep-sea cores) and published data with the account for the available regional schemes of deglaciation. The early stage of degradation of the Scandinavian-Barents Sea ice sheet was completed by the beginning of the Bølling-Allerød interstadial. This warming was characterized by a significant increase in the Atlantic water penetration in the Barents Sea linked to a re-organization of global thermohaline circulation. The new increases in the Atlantic water inflow into shelf depressions occurred at the end of Younger Dryas and in Preboreal. In the Holocene, glaciomarine sedimentation was replaced by the marine hemipelagic one in the deep troughs and depressions.

Zooplankton the Barents Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. 331-351
Author(s):  
E.G. Arashkevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Vertical Flux ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Barents Sea Ecosystem

A review of the published data on the distribution of biomass of zooplankton and its main groups: mesozooplankton, meroplankton, crustacean macrozooplankton and gelatinous macrozooplankton in the Barents Sea is presented. The factors that determine the amplitude and direction of interannual changes in the abundance of zooplankton are considered. The results of studies on the role of zooplankton in biotransformation and vertical flux of organic matter are presented. The data on the possible effect of warming climate on the Barents Sea ecosystem is analyzed.

scholarly journals Identification and characteristics of surge-type glaciers on Novaya Zemlya, Russian Arctic

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (194) ◽  
pp. 960-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie L. Grant ◽  
Chris R. Stokes ◽  
Ian S. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Median Length ◽  
Novaya Zemlya Archipelago ◽  
Novaya Zemlya ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Surface Slopes ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Median Area ◽  
Median Slope

AbstractWe present a comprehensive new inventory of surge-type glaciers on the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, using high-resolution (up to 4 m) satellite imagery from 1976/77 (Hexagon), 1989 (Landsat TM), 2001 (Landsat ETM+) and 2006 (ASTER). A total of 692 glaciers and their forelands were observed for glaciological and geomorphological criteria indicative of glacier surging (e.g. looped moraines, heavy surface crevassing, surface potholes, thrust-block moraines, concertina eskers). This enabled the identification of 32 potential surge-type glaciers (compared with four previously identified) representing 4.6% of the total but 18% by glacier area. We assess the characteristics of surge-type glaciers. Surge-type glaciers are statistically different from non-surge-type glaciers in terms of their area, length, surface slope, minimum elevation, mid-range elevation and terminus type. They are typically long (median length 18.5 km), large (median area 106.8 km2) outlet glaciers, with relatively low overall surface slopes (median slope 1.7°) and tend to terminate in water (marine or lacustrine). They are predominantly directed towards and located in the more maritime western region of the Russian Arctic, and we suggest that surge occurrence might be related to large and complex catchment areas that receive increased delivery of precipitation from the Barents Sea.

Assessing trends in Arctic sea-ice distribution in the Barents and Kara seas using the Kosmos–Okean satellite series

Polar Record ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (177) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gennady I. Belchansky ◽  
Ilia N. Mordvintsev ◽  
Gregory K. Ovchinnikov ◽  
David C. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sea Ice Extent ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Barents And Kara Seas

AbstractTrends in the annual minimum sea-ice extent, determined by three criteria (absolute annual minimum, minimum monthly mean, and the extent at the end of August), were investigated for the Barents and western Kara seas and adjacent parts of the Arctic Ocean during 1984–1993. Four definitions of ice extent were examined, based on thresholds of ice concentration: >90%, >70%, >40%, and >10% (El, E2, E3, and E4, respectively). Trends were studied using ice maps produced by the Russian Hydro-Meteorological Service, Kosmos and Okean satellite imagery, and data extracted from published literature. During 1984–1993, an increasing trend in the extent of minimum sea-ice cover was observed in the Barents, Kara, and combined Barents–Kara seas, for all ice-extent definitions. Root-mean-square differences between hydro-meteorological ice maps and satellite-image ice classifications for coincident areas and dates were 15.5%, 19.3%, 18.8%, and 11.5%, for ice extensions El–E4, respectively. The differences were subjected to Monte Carlo analyses to construct confidence intervals for the 10-year ice-map trends. With probability p = 0.8, the average 10-year increase in the minimum monthly mean sea-ice extent (followed in brackets by the average increase in the absolute annual minimum ice extent) was 12–46% [26–96%], 31–71% [55–140%], 30–69% [26–94%], and 48–94% [35–108%] in the Barents Sea; 20–60% [32–120%], 10–45% [20–92%], 2–36% [13–78%], and 10–47% [8–69%] in the Kara Sea; and 9–43% [26–59%], 9–41% [30–63%], 8–41% [22–52%] and 15–51% [21–51%] in the combined Barents–Kara seas, for ice concentrations El–E4, respectively. Including published data from 1966–1983, the trend in minimum monthly mean sea-ice extent for the combined 28-year period showed an average reduction of 8% in the Barents Sea and a 55% reduction in the western Kara Sea; ice extent at the end of August showed an average reduction of 33% in the Barents Sea.

The identity of the larval nematodes found in the body muscles of the cod (Gadus callarias L.)

Parasitology ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. R. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
The Body ◽  
Culture Period ◽  
Culture Temperature ◽  
High Culture ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
State 1

Larval nematodes occurring in cysts in the body musculature of Icelandic cod have been identified as belonging to Porrocaecum Raillet & Henry, 1912 (subgenus Terranova Leiper & Atkinson, 1914), probably P. decipiens Krabbe and Anisakis Dujardin, 1845. Identification was made possible by rearing them in vitro to the pre-adult condition. The experiments show that the following conditions are necessary for the moult to the pre-adult state; (1) a fairly high culture temperature (37° C.); (2) the presence of pieces of fish for 24 hr. towards the beginning of the culture period. 1 % pepsin, while it assists the hatching from the cysts, is not essential for the moult to the pre-adult condition. Experiments indicate that the moult takes place 3–5 days after fish has been supplied.The larvae and pre-adults of both genera are described. Samples of larvae from cod from Greenland and the Barents Sea probably consist only of Porrocaecum and Anisakis, but a sample from West Scotland contained only Porrocaecum. The significance of the moult to the pre-adult state is discussed.

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