scholarly journals TAILORING EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTIONS TO REDUCE METHAMPHETAMINE USE AMONG HIV-POSITIVE PATIENTS ON METHADONE IN HO CHI MINH, VIETNAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 383-390
Author(s):  
Han Dinh Hoe ◽  
◽  
Tran Van Huong ◽  
Khoa Tran ◽  
Nguyen Van Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Management ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urine Drug ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Sms Intervention ◽  
Methadone Patients

This study evaluated the effectiveness of evidence-based intervention to reduce methamphetamine (MET) use among HIV-positive users in Ho Chi Minh. A total of 236 HIV-positive patients were screened, 71 (30.1%) met the inclusion criteria and 51 (71.8%) were enrolled. Of those enrolled, 49 completed 12 weeks of the intervention, most (?%) of whom used amphetamine-type substances at moderate or higher risk of dependence. The intervention reduced the rate of positive urine MET tests from 54.9% to 12.5%. Participants at intermediate risk for MET (93.1%) were significantly more likely to respond to positive behavior management during the first 6 weeks than participants at high-risk (6.9%, p=0.01). The responder group with positive behavioral management (n=29, 56.8%) received phone/SMS intervention during the latter six weeks of the study and were able to maintain negative urine drug tests. In the non-responder group (n=20), there was no significant difference between the group receiving the Matrix intervention and the group receiving the Matrix intervention in combination with positive behavior management. At the end of the study, 31% of responders and 35% of non-responders had viral loads below the detectable threshold. The results of the study suggest that an evidence-based intervention can reduce the MET use among HIV-positive methadone patients. More studies with larger sample size are needed to better evaluate the effectiveness of interventions as well as their feasibility for widespread adoption.

scholarly journals Prevalence and viral loads of polyomaviruses BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV and NJPyV and hepatitis viruses HBV, HCV and HEV in HIV-infected patients in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianfeng Zhou ◽  
Kenji Nakashima ◽  
Masahiko Ito ◽  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Satoshi Sakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Human polyomaviruses (PyVs) and hepatitis viruses are often more prevalent or persistent in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and the associated diseases are more abundant than in immunocompetent individuals. Here, we evaluated seroreactivities and viral loads of human PyVs and hepatitis viruses in HIV/AIDS patients and the general population in China in the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era. A total of 810 HIV-1-infected patients and age- and sex-matched HIV-negative individuals were enrolled to assess seroprevalence of PyVs BKPyV, JCPyV, MCPyV, TSPyV, and NJPyV and hepatitis viruses HBV, HCV, and HEV. 583 (72%) patients received cART, and among them, 31.2% had undetectable HIV RNA. While no significant difference was observed in prevalence of anti-PyV antibodies between HIV-positive and -negative groups, serum DNA positivity and DNA copy level of MCPyV were higher in the HIV-positive group. Among HIV-infected patients, BKPyV DNA positivity was significantly higher in patients with CD4 + cell counts < 200 cells/mm3 compared to those with CD4 + cell counts > 500 cells/mm3, suggesting possible reactivation caused by HIV-induced immune suppression. Higher HBV and HCV seropositivities but not HEV seropositivity were also observed in the HIV-positive group. Further correlation analyses demonstrated that HBV and HEV are potential risk factors for increased prevalence of PyV infection.

An evaluation of a shoulder rehabilitation class in a UK hospital following evidence-based modifications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Emily Kell ◽  
John A. Hammond ◽  
Sophie Andrews ◽  
Christina Germeni ◽  
Helen Hingston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rehabilitation Programme ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Patient Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVES: Shoulder pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder, which carries a high cost to healthcare systems. Exercise is a common conservative management strategy for a range of shoulder conditions and can reduce shoulder pain and improve function. Exercise classes that integrate education and self-management strategies have been shown to be cost-effective, offer psycho-social benefits and promote self-efficacy. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an 8-week educational and exercise-based shoulder rehabilitation programme following the introduction of evidence-based modifications. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of a shoulder rehabilitation programme at X Trust was conducted, comparing existing anonymised Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Patient-Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) scores from two cohorts of class participants from 2017-18 and 2018-19 that were previously collected by the physiotherapy team. Data from the two cohorts were analysed separately, and in comparison, to assess class efficacy. Descriptive data were also analysed from a patient satisfaction survey from the 2018-19 cohort. RESULTS: A total of 47 patients completed the 8-week shoulder rehabilitation programme during the period of data collection (2018-2019). The 2018-19 cohort showed significant improvements in SPADI (p 0.001) and PSFS scores (p 0.001). No significant difference was found between the improvements seen in the 2017-18 cohort and the 2018-19 cohort. 96% of the 31 respondents who completed the patient satisfaction survey felt the class helped to achieve their goals. CONCLUSION: A group-based shoulder rehabilitation class, which included loaded exercises and patient education, led to improvements in pain, disability and function for patients with rotator cuff related shoulder pain (RCRSP) in this outpatient setting, but anticipated additional benefits based on evidence were not observed.

scholarly journals The hospital telemedicine TELEMED database: Providing information on evidence-based telemedicine services to hospital managers and healthcare professionals

2021 ◽  
pp. 1357633X2110155
Author(s):  
Kristian Kidholm ◽  
Ida W Svendsen ◽  
Knud Yderstræde ◽  
Anne M Ølholm ◽  
Kathrine Rayce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Hospital Managers ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hospital Patients

Background Increased use of telemedicine in the healthcare system is a political goal in Denmark. Although the number of hospital patients using interventions such as the video consultation has increased in recent years only a small proportion of the outpatient and inpatient visits involve telemedicine. The TELEMED database ( https://telemedicine.cimt.dk/ ) has been launched at the Center for Innovative Medical Technologies in Denmark to ensure that hospital managers and healthcare professionals have access to information about telemedicine services and their effectiveness. This article describes the development and the content of the TELEMED database. Methods A structured literature search was made in the PubMed Database for randomised controlled trials or observational studies with a control group that investigated the effect of telemedicine interventions for hospital patients. Data were extracted from each article on the clinical effectiveness, patient perceptions, economic effects and implementation challenges. As the database should only provide inspiration to healthcare professionals regarding possibilities for use of telemedicine, the risk of bias in the studies was not assessed. Results The literature search resulted in 2825 hits. Based on full text assessment, 331 articles were included for data extraction and assessment. These articles present telemedicine services used in 22 different medical specialities. Forty-eight percent of the studies found a positive, statistically significant clinical effect, while 47% showed no statistically significant difference. In 48% of the studies, patients’ experiences were examined and of these 68% found positive patient experiences. Fifty-four percent of the articles included information on the economic effects and, of these, 51% found reduction in healthcare utilization. In the majority of studies between two and four types of implementation challenges were found. Conclusions and recommendations: The TELEMED database provides an easily accessible overview of existing evidence-based telemedicine services for use by hospital managers and health professionals, who whish to to implement telemedicine. The database is freely available and expected to be continuously improved and broadened over time.

scholarly journals Cataract surgery practice patterns worldwide: a survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000464
Author(s):  
Tommaso Rossi ◽  
Mario R Romano ◽  
Danilo Iannetta ◽  
Vito Romano ◽  
Luca Gualdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Practice Patterns ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
P Value ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Surgical Volume ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type Of Institution ◽  
Surgical Setting

ObjectiveTo report the results of a global survey on cataract practice patterns related to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative care, surgical setting and personnel allocation.Methods and analysisAn online 28 questions survey was sent to 240 ophthalmologists asking to describe prevailing trends in their institutions across 38 countries and 5 continents. Questions inquired country, institution, surgical volume and setting, anaesthesia, preoperative and intraoperative examination and postsurgical care. Statistical analysis used crosstabs lambda statistics for non-parametric nominal variables. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results209/240 (87%) ophthalmologists responded: 38% representing public hospitals, 36% private practices and 26% academic sites; overall surgical volume was between 241 700 and 410 500 cataracts per year. There was a significant correlation between type of institution and surgical volume. Complete results available in online (https://freeonlinesurveys.com/r/W6BcLLxy).ConclusionCataract surgery related patterns of perioperative care showed significant difference among respondents, regardless to type of institution, surgical volume and country. Many evidence-based procedures are unevenly practiced around the world and some widespread and expensive habits lack solid scientific evidence while consuming enormous amount of resources both monetary and human. There is a need to reach consensus and share evidence-based practice patterns.

scholarly journals Food consumption and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA): a case of Thika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Nafula Kuria
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the food consumption, dietary habits and nutritional status of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and adults whose HIV status is not established.DesignCross-sectional descriptive survey.SettingThika and Bungoma Districts, Kenya.SubjectsA random sample of 439 adults; 174 adults living with HIV/AIDS and 265 adults whose HIV/AIDS status was not established in Thika and Bungoma Districts.ResultsMajority of PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to build up the immune system and help maintain adequate weight, and there is little variety in the foods they consume. More adults who are HIV-positive are undernourished than those whose status is not established. Of the HIV-positive adults, those with a BMI of ≤18·5 kg/m2 were 23·6 % (Thika 20·0 % and Bungoma 25·7 %) while of the adults whose status is not established those with BMI ≤ 18·5 kg/m2 were 13·9 % (Thika 9·3 % and Bungoma 16·7 %).ConclusionsAdults who are HIV-positive are more likely to be undernourished than those whose status is not established, as there is a significant difference (P = 0·000) between the nutritional status (BMI) of PLWHA and those whose HIV/AIDS status is not established. PLWHA consume foods that are low in nutrients to promote their nutritional well-being and health.

Evaluation of increasing antecedent specificity in goal statements on adherence to positive behavior-management strategies

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 768-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey M. Cohrs ◽  
Mark D. Shriver ◽  
Raymond V. Burke ◽  
Keith D. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Positive Behavior

scholarly journals Anolunula in Fingernails among Patients Infected with HIV

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Pratik Gahalaut ◽  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Sandhya Chauhan ◽  
Mir Mubashir Ali ◽  
Madhur Kant Rastogi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Hiv Negative

Lunula is the white, half-moon shaped area seen in proximal ends of some nails. Though a few studies have described the nail changes that can occur in association with HIV infection, none of these paid much attention to lunula. Aims and Objectives. To study the lunula in fingernails among HIV infected patients. Materials and Methods. An observational, cross-sectional study to record presence of lunula in 168 HIV-positive patients and compare it with age and sex matched 168 healthy HIV-negative control. Anolunula (absence of lunula) in HIV-positive patients was correlated with CD4 counts, stages of HIV infection, time since patient was diagnosed as HIV-positive, and status of antiretroviral therapy. Results. Anolunula was present in significantly more fingernails in HIV-positive patients compared to HIV-negative controls. There was a highly significant difference for total anolunula (anolunula in all fingernails) in study and control group. Incidence of total anolunula was directly proportional to the stage of HIV infection, increasing progressively as the HIV infection advances from stage 1 to stage 4. Conclusion. Absence of lunula is related to not only HIV infection per se but also the stages of HIV infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document