scholarly journals NK combinations do not alleviate the effects of salt stress on gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments and growth of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1353-1361
Author(s):  
Francisco Wesley Alves Pinheiro ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Saulo Soares da Silva ◽  
Adaan Sudário Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Semi Arid Region

The water resources in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil commonly have high concentrations of salts, compromising the quality of the water used in irrigation. Thus, it is necessary to study the feasibility of using these resources in agriculture. The present study aimed to evaluate gas exchanges, photosynthetic pigments and growth of white cotton cv. BRS 368 RF using irrigation water of different salinity levels and fertilization with combinations of nitrogen and potassium, under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB, Brazil. Treatments were arranged in randomized blocks in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five levels of electrical conductivity of water–ECw (0.7, 2.2, 3.7, 5.2 and 6.7 dS m-1) and four combinations of fertilization with nitrogen and potassium (70/50, 100/75, 130/100, 160/125% of the recommended dose), with three replicates. There was degradation in chlorophyll a and b levels and in cotton growth, but the cultivar BRS 368 RF markedly increased carotenoid biosynthesis at 75 days after sowing. Nitrogen and potassium application in the combination of 100/75% of their respective recommendations led to increase in plant height. The supply of nitrogen in combination with potassium did not alleviate the deleterious effects of salt stress on gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments and growth of cotton.

scholarly journals Characterization and gas exchange in accessions of Saccharum complex under salinity in the Sub-middle São Francisco, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Welson L. Simões ◽  
Anderson R. de Oliveira ◽  
Jucicléia S. da Silva ◽  
Vinicius G. Torres Junior ◽  
Weslley O. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Saccharum Officinarum ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Saccharum Complex ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Agricultural Yield ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Species Being

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the factors that most limit agricultural yield in the Brazilian semi-arid region. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the leaf gas exchange and biometric characteristics of accessions of the Saccharum complex subjected to salt stress. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, installed at Embrapa Semiárido, in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with the treatments represented by 19 accessions belonging to different genera/species, being 10 accessions of Saccharum officinarum (BGCN 6, BGCN 91, BGCN 104, BGCN 127, BCGN 90, BGCN 101, BGCN 102, BGCN 118, BGCN 125 and BGCN 122), two accessions of Saccharum spp. (BGCN 87 and BGCN 89), one accession of Saccharum hybridum (BGCN 88), one accession of Saccharum robustum (BGCN 94), four accessions of Erianthus arundinaceus (BGCN 117, BGCN 119, BGCN 120 and BGCN 123) and one accession of Miscanthus spp., with three repetitions. Biometric characteristics, chlorophyll index and leaf gas exchange of the accessions were evaluated when they were subjected to irrigation with salinized water (6.0 dS m-1). E. arundinaceus accessions (BGCN 120 and BGCN 123) showed the highest photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, plant height and leaf length, indicating greater adaptability to salt stress and could be promising in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Impact of Glycine Betaine on Salinity Tolerance of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) under In Vitro Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rameeh ◽  
M. Gerami ◽  
V. Ghasemi Omran ◽  
S. Ghavampour
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), with great potential as a natural sweeteners source, has a high content of sweeteners, which are up to 150 times sweeter than sugar, but virtually with no calories. Stevia also suitable to be cultivated in semiarid climates and coastal areas, which are characterized by the low quality of the irrigation water. Soil salinity occupies a prominent place among the soil problems that threaten the sustainability of agriculture over a vast area in the world. Glycine betaine is an osmoprotectant, that plays an important role and accumulates rapidly in many plants during salinity or drought stress. In order to evaluation of glycine betaine amending effects on salinity stress in stevia under in vitro condition, a factorial experiment was conducted in 2015. Four NaCl levels, including 0, 50, 75 and 100 mM, along with 0, 1, 12.5, 25 and 50 mM of glycine betaine concentrations were used in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. The results showed that salinity levels had significant reduction effects on plant height, root length, shoot fresh weight, number of leaf, total chlorophyll, rebaudioside A and stevioside of the stevia genotype. Due to increasing of glycine betaine, levels all the traits were increased. Owing to amending effect of glycine betaine, its high concentrations made less hazarding effects of salinity on the researched traits. The highest mean value of rebaudioside A (10.62rt) and stevioside (23.38rt) determined at 50 mM of glycine betaine with 0 mM of NaCl concentration.

scholarly journals Oxidant and antioxidant compounds, gas exchange and growth of young Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum plants under high boron and calcium concentrations

2018 ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Daihany Moraes Callegari Elaine M. S. G. Lobato
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Schizolobium Parahyba ◽  
High Boron ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Negative Impacts

Boron (B) and Calcium (Ca) unbalance in plants during early stages can generate oxidative stress and consequently to interfere negatively on growth and quality of seedlings. This study aims to evaluate the gas exchange and measure the biochemical responses, responding how high concentrations of B and Ca can affect the growth and quality of young Schizolobium parahyba plants. The experimental design used was completely randomised with four treatments [1 - 25 µM B + 5 mM Ca (control); 2 - 25 µM B + 50 mM Ca (Ca high); 3- 250 µM B + 5 mM Ca (B high) and 4 - 250 µM B + 50 mM Ca (B and Ca high)]. Negative impacts on gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments and total glutathione were obtained, besides increases in hydrogen peroxide and electrolyte leakage were verified in plants treated with B and Ca high, indicating oxidative stress. Thus, application 250 µM B combined with 50 mM Ca promoted disorders in plant metabolism, decreasing the growth and quality of young Schizolobium parahyba plants.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and photochemical efficiency of hydroponic bell pepper under salinity and plant density

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Antônio R. Cavalcante ◽  
José A. Santos Júnior ◽  
Guilherme de F. Furtado ◽  
Lúcia H. G. Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Pepper Plants

ABSTRACT Gas exchanges and chlorophyll a fluorescence are ways to physiologically analyze the response of plants to salt stress. In this context, the present work was conducted between August and November 2016 in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Campina Grande (7°12’52” S, 35°54’24” W, mean altitude of 550 m), using bell pepper plants cv. All Big, exposed to levels of nutrient solution electrical conductivity (1.7, 3.7, 5.7, 7.7, 9.7 and 11.7 dS m-1) and cultivated in hydroponic system, spaced by 0.2 and 0.3 m, focusing on the analysis of gas exchanges and photochemical efficiency. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme, with five replicates. Plant density influenced the sensitivity of the gas exchanges to salinity and, when reduced, mitigated its effects at higher salinity levels. Increasing plant density at high levels of electrical conductivity caused damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and even reduced the levels of efficiency of the photosystem II from 3.98 dS m-1.

scholarly journals Physiological changes of pomegranate seedlings under salt stress and nitrogen fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
Lauriane A. dos A. Soares ◽  
Sabrina G. de Oliveira ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Pedro D. Fernandes ◽  
Railene H. C. R. Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity

HIGHLIGHTS Irrigation water salinity alters gas exchange and biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments in po-megranate. The reduction in CO2 assimilation in pomegranate plants under salt stress is related to non-stomatal factors. Increasing nitrogen doses increase electrolyte leakage in pomegranate seedlings.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Salt-Induced Adverse Effects on Gas Exchange, Photosynthetic Pigments Content and Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Gerbera Jamesonii L. by Exogenous Salicylic Acid Application

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kapila Kumara ◽  
A. D. Ampitiyawatta ◽  
Adithya Padmaperuma ◽  
Chalinda Beneragama ◽  
Xia Yi Ping
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Chloroplast Ultrastructure ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Photosynthetic System ◽  
Pigment Contents ◽  
Gas Exchange Characteristics

Aims: The effects of exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) on gas exchange characteristics, photosynthetic pigments and chloroplast ultrastructure were investigated in gerbera at their reproductive stage under salt-stressed conditions. Methodology: A pot experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions at the Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, (30° N/120° E) between February 2008 and March 2009.Plants, pretreated with foliar applications of 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mmoldm-3 SA at the onset of flower initiation were irrigated with 100 mmoldm-3NaCl(aq) for two weeks, starting after three days from the SA pretreatment. Control did not receive either NaCl or SA.Photosynthetic rate, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments content and chloroplast ultrastructure were investigated against treatments. All data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) using SAS statistical software. Pearson’s correlation test was carried out to study the relationships among the parameters. The means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). For all the tests, P< .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Salt stress adversely affected the gas exchange characteristics, photosynthetic pigment contents and chloroplast ultrastructure. SA application significantly increased the net photosynthesis, stomatal conductivity, intra-cellular CO2 content and transpiration rate but decreased the stomatal limitation, compared to those of untreated salt-stressed plants. Further, the enhanced photosynthetic pigment contents and notably undamaged chloroplast ultrastructure were evident of the ameliorative effects of SA on photosynthetic system under salt stress. Of the two concentrations tested, 0.5 mmoldm-3 SA concentration seemed to have greater effect throughout the experiment showing no significant variation from control in some attributes (chlorophyll contents and chloroplast ultrastructure). Conclusion: Responses of plants pretreated with SA spraying and significant correlation among them plausibly suggest SA-induced enhancement of photosynthetic system as another target for conferring salt tolerance in crop plants.

scholarly journals Moringa leaf extract improves biochemical attributes, yield and grain quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) under drought stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254452
Author(s):  
Shahbaz Khan ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez ◽  
Sohail Irshad ◽  
Saqib Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

Changing climate, food shortage, water scarcity and rapidly increasing population are some of the emerging challenges globally. Drought stress is the most devastating threat for agricultural productivity. Natural plant growth substances are intensively used to improve the productivity of crop plants grown under stressed and benign environments. The current study evaluated whether leaf extract of different moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) could play a role in improving drought-tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Rice plants were grown under three drought conditions, i.e., no, moderate and severe drought (100, 75 and 50% field capacity, respectively). Moringa leaf extract (MLE) obtained from four landraces (Multan, Faisalabad, D. G. Khan and exotic landrace from India) was applied during critical crop growth stages, i.e., tillering, panicle initiation and grain filling. Drought stress adversely affected the gas exchange attributes, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes’ activities, yield and quality parameters of rice. Application of MLE from all landraces significantly improved physiological, biochemical and yield parameters under stressed and normal environmental conditions. The highest improvement in gas exchange traits (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and respiration rate), photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) and enzymatic activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and oxidative marker (H2O2) was recorded with MLE obtained from Faisalabad landrace. The application of MLE of Faisalabad landrace also improved yield and grain quality of rice grown under drought stress as well as drought-free environment. Thus, MLE of Faisalabad can be successfully used to improve growth, productivity and grain quality of rice under drought stress.

scholarly journals EMERGENCE, GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF SESAME UNDER SALT STRESS AND PROPORTIONS OF NITRATE AND AMMONIUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAAN SUDARIO DIAS ◽  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
REGINALDO GOMES NOBRE ◽  
JOÃO BATISTA DOS SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Total Mass ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
High Concentrations

ABSTRACT In arid and semi-arid regions, the quality of irrigation water varies in geographic terms and during the year, and the occurrence of water with high concentrations of salts is common. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the emergence, growth and production of sesame, cultivar CNPA G3, irrigated with saline water and fertilized with N of different carrier proportions by the ratio of nitrate and ammonium ( NO --N and NH +-N) in an experiment conducted in lysimeters arranged in a greenhouse in the municipality of Campina Grande-PB, Brazil. The treatments were distributed into randomized blocks using a 5 × 5 factorial scheme relative to levels of irrigation water salinity (ECw; 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4 and 3.0 dS m-1) and five proportions of NO3 -N/NH4 -N (200/0; 150/50; 100/100; 50/150 and 0/200 mg of N kg-1), with three replicates. The increase in ECw compromised the emergence, growth and production of sesame, cultivar CNPA G3, and the production components were the most sensitive variables. The highest growth in diameter was obtained with the proportion of 200/0 mg kg -1 of NO3 -N/NH4 -N. An ECw level of 3.0 dS m and fertilization with 0/200 mg kg of NO3 -N/NH4 -N promoted deleterious effects on the total mass of sesame fruits and mass of seeds. The interaction between water salinity levels and NO3-/NH4 proportions significantly affected the number of leaves (at 50 and 70 days after sowing), the total mass of fruits and the mass of seeds.

scholarly journals GAS EXCHANGES, QUANTUM YIELD AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF WEST INDIAN CHERRY UNDER SALT STRESS AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAAN SUDARIO DIAS ◽  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
FRANCISCO WESLEY ALVES PINHEIRO ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Potassium Fertilization

ABSTRACT Water resources in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil commonly contain high salt concentrations, compromising the quality of water for agriculture. Thus, adopting techniques that make the use of these resources feasible in agriculture is fundamental. The present study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges, quantum yield and photosynthetic pigments of grafted West Indian cherry subjected to salt stress and potassium fertilization under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, composed of two levels of electrical conductivity - ECw (0.8 and 3.8 dS m-1) of water and four doses of potassium (50, 75, 100 and 125% of the dose recommended for the crop), with three replicates. The dose relative to 100% corresponded to 19.8 g of K2O per plant. Gas exchanges, chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments of West Indian cherry are negatively affected by irrigation using water with electrical conductivity of 3.8 dS m-1, which compromises the photosynthetic apparatus of the plant, a situation evidenced by the reduction in photosystem II quantum efficiency. Increasing potassium doses led to increments in transpiration, chlorophyll a maximum fluorescence and chlorophyll b content in West Indian cherry grown under salt stress, but do not attenuate the negative effects of irrigation with 3.8 dS m-1 water on its potential photochemical efficiency.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and photosynthetic pigments of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango as a function of fenpropimorph

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
Daniel de A. Carreiro ◽  
Renata A. e Amariz ◽  
Luciana G. Sanches ◽  
Jackson T. Lobo ◽  
Vespasiano B. de Paiva Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Semi Arid Region

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the application of fenpropimorph and paclobutrazol on gas exchanges and photosynthetic pigments of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango grown in the semi-arid region in different evaluation periods. Two experiments were carried out in ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango orchards in the first production cycle between September and December 2018 (first experiment) and between September and December 2019 (second experiment) in Petrolina, PE, Brazil. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks in split plots in time, 4 × 4 + 1, with four replicates. The plots corresponded to the concentrations of fenpropimorph: 0, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.3 g per linear meter of plant canopy diameter plus the additional paclobutrazol treatment (1 g per linear meter of plant canopy diameter), and the subplots corresponded to the evaluation dates (0, 30, 60, and 90 days after the first application of treatments). The following traits were evaluated: CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, internal CO2 concentration, transpiration, water use efficiency, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids. The fenpropimorph dose of 1.3 g per linear meter of plant canopy promotes a higher rate of CO2 assimilation; however, paclobutrazol was more effective in the accumulation of chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, and the use of fenpropimorph did not interfere in the concentration of photosynthetic pigments.

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