scholarly journals Effects of wood ash and soil water potential on vegetative development of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 354-361
Author(s):  
Luana Glaup Araujo Dourado ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim- Silva ◽  
Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽  
Everton Alves Rodrigues Pinheiro ◽  
William Fenner
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mato Grosso

This research aimed to evaluate the amending potential of eucalyptus’s wood ash on soil chemical properties and soil-water potential. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, campus in Rondonópolis. The experimental design was composed of randomized blocks in a 5x5 factorial scheme, including five soil-water potentials (‒4, ‒8, ‒16, ‒32 and ‒64 kPa), and five wood ash doses (0; 8; 16; 24 and 32 g dm-3). The soil samples were collected from the top layer of an Oxisol under natural Cerrado vegetation. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) growth variables (plant height, numbers of leaves, stem diameter, and SPAD index) were analyzed at three different phenological periods. In general, the wood ash doses increased soil pH, eliminated the exchangeable aluminum, and improved soil essential nutrients availability. As a result, mung bean plants responded positively to wood ash, achieving superior results at doses ranging from 24 to 26 g dm-3. The interaction between wood ash doses and soil water potential was not significant. However, drier soil conditions constrained plant growth severely. According to our experimental conditions, plant growth variables achieved higher performance at soil water potential of -4 kPa

Needle water potential and soil-to-foliage flow resistance during soil drying: a comparison of Douglas-fir, western hemlock, and mountain hemlock

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Ballard ◽  
M. G. Dosskey
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Western Hemlock ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Needle Water Potential

Needle water potential in western and mountain hemlock falls as the soil dries, but under our experimental conditions, it remained stable in Douglas-fir. Resistance to water flow from soil to foliage is higher for the hemlocks and increases more steeply as the soil dries. These findings physically account for the observation that water uptake is reduced relatively more for the hemlocks than for Douglas-fir, as soil water potential declines.

Root Growth, Water Uptake and Canopy Development in Eucalyptus viminalis Seedlings

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Phillips ◽  
SJ Riha
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Lower Section ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Eucalyptus Viminalis

A split-root experiment was conducted using Eucalyptus viminalis seedlings which were exposed to three watering regimes in order to investigate root growth and soil water extraction under conditions of a drying soil profile. Seedlings were grown in columns in which the soil was divided horizontally with a soft wax plate. Watering treatments were composed of (1) both upper and lower sections of the column well watered (W/W), (2) only the lower section well watered (D/W), and (3) water withheld completely from both upper and lower sections (D/D). Daily measurements included soil water potential (Ψs), column water loss and leaf elongation. Increase in above- and below-ground biomass was deter- mined from initial and final harvests after 25 days of treatment. Whole-column water loss and leaf extension were depressed as Ψs in the upper section of D/W and D/D decreased to -0.4 MPa over the first 8-10 days. However, water loss did not decrease significantly in the lower section of treatment D/W relative to the lower section of treatment W/W during this period. This indicated that water extraction by roots remaining in wet soil was not severely inhibited by the decrease in transpiration associated with the soil conditions in the upper profile. Root distribution at the end of the experiment indicated significant growth in the lower section of treatment D/W. There was evidence that hydraulic lifting of water between column sections may have occurred, as periodic increases in soil water potential of the unwatered upper section of D/W were observed.

scholarly journals Microbial extracellular polysaccharide production and aggregate stability controlled by Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) root biomass and soil water potential

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Sher ◽  
Nameer R. Baker ◽  
Don Herman ◽  
Christina Fossum ◽  
Lauren Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Marginal Soils

ABSTRACTDeep-rooting perennial grasses are promising feedstock for biofuel production, especially in marginal soils lacking organic material, nutrients, and/or that experience significant water stress. Perennial grass roots can alter surrounding soil conditions and influence microbial activities, particularly the production of extracellular polymeric substances composed primarily of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS). These polymers can alleviate cellular moisture and nutrient stress, and enhance soil characteristics through improved water retention and aggregate stability, the latter of which may in turn enhance carbon persistence. In this study we used a 13CO2 tracer greenhouse experiment to examine the effect of switchgrass cultivation on the production and origin of EPS in a marginal soil with five fertilization/water treatments (control, +N, +NP, +P, low water). Soils with both added nitrogen and phosphorus had the highest root biomass, EPS and percentage of water-stable soil aggregates. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed root biomass was the most important determinant for soil EPS production, potentially by controlling carbon supply and diurnal changes in soil water potential. Path analysis highlighted the role of soil water potential were and EPS on with water-stable soil aggregates, indicating that EPS concentration and soil aggregation have similar drivers in this soil. High mannose content confirmed the microbial origin of EPS. 13CO2 labeling indicated that 0.18% of newly fixed plant carbon was incorporated into EPS. Analysis of field samples suggests that EPS is significantly enhanced under long-term switchgrass cultivation. Our results demonstrate that switchgrass cultivation can promote microbial production of EPS, providing a mechanism to enhance sustainability of marginal soils.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration of osteospermum 'Denebola' and New Guinea impatiens 'Timor' grown on ebb-and-flow benches as affected by climate conditions and soil water potential

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Treder ◽  
Joanna Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Radiation Temperature ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Ebb And Flow

Daily evapotranspiration (EVPT) of two bedding plants osteospermum 'Denebola' and impatiens 'Timor' grown on ebb-and-flow benches was measured by weighing method, together with assessment of indoor climate parameters (solar radiation, temperature, humidity) and leaf area index (LAI) at different growth phases. The evaporation inside the greenhouse as affected by climatic factors i.e.: solar radiation, temperature, humidity and air velocity was also measured using Piche's evaporometer. Plants were irrigated according to soil water potential (irrigation at -0,5; -3; -10 and -20 kPa). Irrigation at high water potential decreased plant growth and leaf area of both plants. LAI of osteospermum decreased as water deficit increased. In the case of impatiens, the highest LAI at full flowering obtained plants irrigated at -3 kPa. The actual, daily EVPT of plants irrigated at -0,5 kPa increased with plant growth in the case ofosteospermum while that of impatiens remained at similar level. At flowering water stress decreased strongly EVPT of osteospermum and in lesser extent EVPT of impatiens. Osteospermum irrigated at -0,5 kPa had 2,5 higher EVPT than impatiens. For both plants good, positive correlation between EVPT and daily mean temperature, temperature between 7-17 h and evaporation according to Piche's evaporometer readings were obtained. As expected EVPT was negatively correlated with relative humidity, irrespective the growth phase and soil water potential. The correlation between EVPT and solar radiation, was changed during plant growth due to differences in temperature under shading screen, used during sunny days.

scholarly journals Computational Analysis of Specific Indicators to Manage Crop Yield and Profits Under Extreme Heat and Climate Change Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies

The US pacific northwest recorded its highest temperature in late June 2021. The three-day stretch of scorching heat had a devastating effect on not only the residents of the state, but also on the crops thus impacting the food supply-chain. It is forecasted that streaks of 100-degree temperatures will become common. Farmers will have to adapt to the changing landscape to preserve their crop yield and profitability. A research collaborative consisting of researchers and academicians in Eastern Washington led by a pioneering startup has setup a 16.9-acre Honeycrisp Apple Smart Orchard in Grandview, WA as a laboratory to study the environmental and plant growth factors in real-time using modern computational tools and techniques like IoT (Internet of Things), Edge and Cloud Computing, and Drone and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) imaging. The computational analysis is used to develop guidelines for precision agriculture for orchard blocks to address plant growth issues scientifically and in a timely fashion. The analysis also helps in creating risk-mitigation strategies for severe weather events while helping prepare farmers to maximize crop yield and profitability per acre. I was fortunate to gain access to the terabytes of farm data related to the weather, soil, water, tree, and canopy health, to analyze and formulate recommendations for the farmers that can be adopted nationwide for different crops and weather conditions. This paper discusses the different streams of farm data that were analyzed (ex. soil moisture, soil water potential, and sap flow) and the development of the framework to use data to convert insights into actionable steps. For example, the use of sensors can inform a farmer that their level of soil water potential is below threshold in a specific patch of the orchard, prompting them to turn on irrigation for the patch instead of the whole orchard. I estimate that using an IoT-sensor-based decision framework discussed in this paper, growers can save up to 55% of their water costs for the season. Using these insights, farmers can better manage their irrigation resources and labor, thus maximizing their crop yield and profits.

Effect of Soil Water Potential of Two Soils on Soybean Emergence 1

1979 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 980-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Heatherly ◽  
W. J. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Potential

scholarly journals A Data-Driven Method for the Temporal Estimation of Soil Water Potential and Its Application for Shallow Landslides Prediction

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Massimiliano Bordoni ◽  
Fabrizio Inzaghi ◽  
Valerio Vivaldi ◽  
Roberto Valentino ◽  
Marco Bittelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Physically Based

Soil water potential is a key factor to study water dynamics in soil and for estimating the occurrence of natural hazards, as landslides. This parameter can be measured in field or estimated through physically-based models, limited by the availability of effective input soil properties and preliminary calibrations. Data-driven models, based on machine learning techniques, could overcome these gaps. The aim of this paper is then to develop an innovative machine learning methodology to assess soil water potential trends and to implement them in models to predict shallow landslides. Monitoring data since 2012 from test-sites slopes in Oltrepò Pavese (northern Italy) were used to build the models. Within the tested techniques, Random Forest models allowed an outstanding reconstruction of measured soil water potential temporal trends. Each model is sensitive to meteorological and hydrological characteristics according to soil depths and features. Reliability of the proposed models was confirmed by correct estimation of days when shallow landslides were triggered in the study areas in December 2020, after implementing the modeled trends on a slope stability model, and by the correct choice of physically-based rainfall thresholds. These results confirm the potential application of the developed methodology to estimate hydrological scenarios that could be used for decision-making purposes.

NITROGEN TRANSFORMATIONS NEAR UREA IN SOIL WITH DIFFERENT WATER POTENTIALS

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
YADVINDER SINGH ◽  
E. G. BEAUCHAMP
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Relative Rate ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Initial Soil

Two laboratory incubation experiments were conducted to determine the effect of initial soil water potential on the transformation of urea in large granules to nitrite and nitrate. In the first experiment two soils varying in initial soil water potentials (− 70 and − 140 kPa) were incubated with 2 g urea granules with and without a nitrification inhibitor (dicyandiamide) at 15 °C for 35 d. Only a trace of [Formula: see text] accumulated in a Brookston clay (pH 6.0) during the transformation of urea in 2 g granules. Accumulation of [Formula: see text] was also small (4–6 μg N g−1) in Conestogo silt loam (pH 7.6). Incorporation of dicyandiamide (DCD) into the urea granule at 50 g kg−1 urea significantly reduced the accumulation of [Formula: see text] in this soil. The relative rate of nitrification in the absence of DCD at −140 kPa water potential was 63.5% of that at −70 kPa (average of two soils). DCD reduced the nitrification of urea in 2 g granules by 85% during the 35-d period. In the second experiment a uniform layer of 2 g urea was placed in the center of 20-cm-long cores of Conestogo silt loam with three initial water potentials (−35, −60 and −120 kPa) and the soil was incubated at 15 °C for 45 d. The rate of urea hydrolysis was lowest at −120 kPa and greatest at −35 kPa. Soil pH in the vicinity of the urea layer increased from 7.6 to 9.1 and [Formula: see text] concentration was greater than 3000 μg g−1 soil. There were no significant differences in pH or [Formula: see text] concentration with the three soil water potential treatments at the 10th day of the incubation period. But, in the latter part of the incubation period, pH and [Formula: see text] concentration decreased with increasing soil water potential due to a higher rate of nitrification. Diffusion of various N species including [Formula: see text] was probably greater with the highest water potential treatment. Only small quantities of [Formula: see text] accumulated during nitrification of urea – N. Nitrification of urea increased with increasing water potential. After 35 d of incubation, 19.3, 15.4 and 8.9% of the applied urea had apparently nitrified at −35, −60 and −120 kPa, respectively. Nitrifier activity was completely inhibited in the 0- to 2-cm zone near the urea layer for 35 days. Nitrifier activity increased from an initial level of 8.5 to 73 μg [Formula: see text] in the 3- to 7-cm zone over the 35-d period. Nitrifier activity also increased with increasing soil water potential. Key words: Urea transformation, nitrification, water potential, large granules, nitrifier activity, [Formula: see text] production

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document