scholarly journals Evaluation of mutant rice genotypes for tolerance to high temperature

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
María Caridad González Cepero ◽  
Elizabeth Cristo ◽  
Noraida Pérez ◽  
Yanelis Reyes ◽  
Dayné Horta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Mutant Lines

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is planted in about a tenth of the arable area around the world and is the largest source of food energy for half of humanity. Climatic change with increasing frequency of severe and prolonged drought periods and significant increases in air temperature has affected global rice production. Therefore, generating mutant rice cultivars tolerant to high temperatures and low water supplies is of utmost importance. Advanced mutant rice lines which were derived from irradiated Amistad -82 and J-104 were evaluated in the field under high temperatures and low water supply conditions using Amistad-82 variety as control. The genotypes with the best and worst field performances were compared using physiological parameters such as cell membrane thermostability, pollen viability, lipid peroxidation, and peroxidase and catalase activity under high temperature conditions. Three mutant lines, 8852, 8552 and LP-12 showed high yielding under high temperatures and low water supplies conditions in the field and also showed better pollen viability, cell membrane thermo stability, lipid peroxidation and peroxidase than LP-16 mutant lines and the control cv. Amistad-82. These results show that the physical irradiation of seeds with protons followed by subsequent in vitro embryo culture using 2,4D may generate genetic variability for tolerance to high temperatures. The variation observed for the physiological and biochemical indicators evaluated could be used for the early selection of high temperature tolerant rice genotypes

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Kurdish Rice Genotypes in Response to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4471
Author(s):  
Didar Rahim ◽  
Petr Kalousek ◽  
Nawroz Tahir ◽  
Tomáš Vyhnánek ◽  
Petr Tarkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Callus Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is productively affected by different environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic stress. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the genetic distinction among Kurdish rice genotypes using the simple sequence repeats (SSRs) molecular markers and to perform in vitro tests to characterize the drought tolerance of six local rice genotypes. The polymorphic information content (PIC) varied from 0.38 to 0.84 with an average of 0.56. The genetic distance ranged from 0.33 to 0.88. Drought stress had a significant impact (p ≤ 0.05) on callus growth parameters. Enzymatic antioxidant systems were predicted and exhibited a significant variation. The findings revealed that proline levels increase in proportion to polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. Kalar and Gwll Swr genotypes showed the worst performances in phenotypic and biochemical traits, while Choman and Shawre exhibited the best phenotypic and biochemical performances. A positive and substantial relationship between callus fresh weight (CFW) and callus dry weight (CDW) was found under stressful and optimized conditions. Callus induction (CI) was positively and significantly associated with the catalase activity (CAT) in all stressed treatments. Based on the results for callus growth and the biochemical parameters under stress conditions, a remarkable genotype distinction, based on the tolerance reaction, was noted as follows: PEG resistant > susceptible, Choman > Shawre > White Bazyan > Red Bazyan > Gwll Swr > Kalar. The CI and CAT characteristics were considered as reliable predictors of drought tolerance in rice genotypes.

scholarly journals Effect of high temperature on the reproductive development of chickpea genotypes under controlled environments

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Devasirvatham ◽  
Pooran M. Gaur ◽  
Nalini Mallikarjuna ◽  
Raju N. Tokachichu ◽  
Richard M. Trethowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Controlled Environments

High temperature during the reproductive stage in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major cause of yield loss. The objective of this research was to determine whether that variation can be explained by differences in anther and pollen development under heat stress: the effect of high temperature during the pre- and post-anthesis periods on pollen viability, pollen germination in a medium, pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth and pod set in a heat-tolerant (ICCV 92944) and a heat-sensitive (ICC 5912) genotype was studied. The plants were evaluated under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions in controlled environments. High temperature stress (29/16°C to 40/25°C) was gradually applied at flowering to study pollen viability and stigma receptivity including flower production, pod set and seed number. This was compared with a non-stress treatment (27/16°C). The high temperatures reduced pod set by reducing pollen viability and pollen production per flower. The ICCV 92944 pollen was viable at 35/20°C (41% fertile) and at 40/25°C (13% fertile), whereas ICC 5912 pollen was completely sterile at 35/20°C with no in vitro germination and no germination on the stigma. However, the stigma of ICC 5912 remained receptive at 35/20°C and non-stressed pollen (27/16°C) germinated on it during reciprocal crossing. These data indicate that pollen grains were more sensitive to high temperature than the stigma in chickpea. High temperature also reduced pollen production per flower, % pollen germination, pod set and seed number.

Impact of High Temperature on Oocytes and Embryos: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Abubakar Muhammad Wakil ◽  
Abdulhamid Abba ◽  
Prem Singh Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Live Animal

High temperature is one of the leading factors for decline reproductive performance in livestock and other species as a result of heat stress causing severe economic losses. The embryonic death causes due to heat stress is having multifactorial mechanism in live animal. Heat stress could influence reproductive physiology through modulating blood flow to the reproductive tract, ovarian steroid concentrations and patterns of follicular development. It is difficult for embryos to survive in the increase an oviductal and uterine temperature which is coincident with heat stress. In vitro culture of embryos at high temperatures has been reported to affect embryonic development. Similarly, increased in vitroculture temperatures can compromise oocyte activity and reduce fertilization rate. Studies have demonstrated that there were lethal effects of heat shock on in vitro cultured embryos of cattle at 41.0 – 43.0°C. However, these experimental temperatures are higher than those generally experienced by heat-stressed cows which ultimately reduced their fertility. Furthermore, a lot of research have been conducted in livestock species all indicating that exposure to high temperature is detrimental to oocytes and embryonic developmental processes as it leads to cell damage and may interfere with oocyte maturation, and fertilization process. It concludes that the longer exposure of oocytes and embryos to high temperatures causes more damage to oocytes and embryos.

scholarly journals 399 The Mortality of Artificially Infested Third Instar Larvas of Anastrepaha ludens and A. obliqua in Mango Fruit with Insecticidal Controlled Atmospheres at High Temperature

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 512E-512
Author(s):  
Elhadi M. Yahia ◽  
Dora Ortega ◽  
Pamela Moreno ◽  
Alejandro Martinez
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Controlled Atmospheres

Previous work in our laboratory and also reported in this meeting has indicated that insecticidal controlled atmospheres at high temperatures (0.5% O2 + 50% CO2 at 44-55°C and 50% RH) are very effective in causing in vitro mortality of eggs and third instar larvas of Anastrepaha ludens and A. obliqua. This work is a follow up that evaluated the effect of such atmospheres on the in vivo mortality of third instar larvas artificially infested in mango. Atmospheres evaluated included 0% O2+ 50% CO2 at 35, 37, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, and 49°C for 160 min. Treatments at 35-40°C caused 100% mortality of larvas of A. obliqua, but not of A. ludens. Temperatures of 42 to 49°C caused 100% mortality of larvas of both species. Statistical analysis to calculate the probit 9 will be discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of High Temperature Stress on Morpho Physiological Traits and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Maheswari P ◽  
◽  
Chandrasekhar C N ◽  
Jeyakumar P ◽  
Saraswathi R ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
The Impact

High temperature stress is a major environmental factor that affects crop growth, development and yield, it especially limits rice yield. Hence, an experiment was conducted to study the impact of high temperature on morpho-physiological parameters and yield of rice genotypes. Ten rice genotypes were used in this study viz., N22, ADT 36, ADT 37, ADT 43, ADT 45, CO 51, ASD 16, MDU 6, TPS 5 and Anna (R) 4. The study was carried out at OTC (Open Top Chamber) with the treatments of ambient, ambient +2O C and ambient +4O C. Stress was imposed from anthesis to early grain filling period. Observations on plant height, the number of tillers, leaf area, SPAD (Chlorophyll index) and chlorophyll stability index (CSI) were done after the stress imposement and grain yield was calculated after harvest. Results revealed that, the significant changes were observed in morpho-physiological traits and grain yield of rice genotypes among the treatments and with the genotypes. N22 (10% and 19%) and Anna (R) 4 (12% and 22%) recorded less reduction of grain yield in ambient +2O C and ambient +4O C compared with ambient, due to less reduction of total chlorophyll content, SPAD values, leaf area and increased plant height. These parameters resulted in higher biomass which indirectly contributed to higher grain yield in N22 and Anna (R) 4 under high temperature

scholarly journals Pollen Quality and Performance in Strawberry Plants Exposed to High-temperature Stress

2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Ledesma ◽  
Nobuo Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Unfertilized Ovules

The effects of high-temperature stress on pollen viability and in vitro and in vivo germinability were studied in two facultative, short-day strawberries (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.), `Nyoho' and `Toyonoka.' Plants were exposed to two day/night temperature regimes of either 23 °C/18 °C (control) or 30 °C/25 °C (high temperature) from when the first inflorescence became visible until anthesis. Pollen viability in `Nyoho' was only slightly affected at 30 °C/25 °C when compared with pollen from plants grown at 23 °C/18 °C. In `Toyonoka', however, pollen viability was significantly lower at 30 °C/25 °C than at 23 °C/18 °C. The in vitro germination percentages were significantly lower in pollen from plants grown at 30 °C/25 °C and germinated at 30 °C than from plants grown at 23 °C/18 °C and germinated at 23 °C in both cultivars. But the percentages were much lower in `Toyonoka' than in `Nyoho', particularly at the 30 °C germination temperature. Pollen from plants grown at 23 °C/18 °C also extended longer pollen tubes than pollen grown at 30 °C/25 °C in both cultivars, but `Nyoho' had longer pollen tubes than `Toyonoka' at 30 °C/25 °C. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that most of the `Nyoho' pollen germinated on the stamen, elongated through the style and reached the ovule regardless of temperature treatment. In `Toyonoka', pollen germination and elongation were greatly inhibited at 30 °C/25 °C, resulting in unfertilized ovules. These results suggest that certain strawberry cultivars produce heat-tolerant pollen, which in turn could result in higher fruit set.

Influence of high temperature during pre- and post-anthesis stages of floral development on fruit-set and pollen germination in peanut

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pagadala V. Vara Prasad ◽  
Peter Q. Craufurd ◽  
Vijay G. Kakani ◽  
Timothy R. Wheeler ◽  
Kenneth J. Boote
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Controlled Environments

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) crops are often exposed to day temperatures > 35°C for short periods duringflowering, resulting in lower yields. Research was conducted to study and quantify the effects of short episodes (1– 6 d) of high temperatures during the pre- and post-anthesis stages of floral development on fruit-set, pollen viability, germination and tube growth. Plants of peanut cv. ICGV-86015 were grown in controlled environments at 28/22°C (day/night). High daytime air temperature treatments ranging from 28 (control) to 48°C were imposed at different times between 6 d before anthesis (DBA) and 6 d after anthesis (DAA) for 1, 3 or 6 d. Floral buds or flowers were tagged at different stages to determine fruit-set. Exposure to bud (tissue) temperature ≥ 39°C for 1 d significantly reduced fruit-set compared to the control at 28°C, and the magnitude of the reduction varied with stage of floral development. Floral buds were most sensitive to high temperature at 4 DBA and at anthesis, coinciding with micro-sporogenesis and pollination or fertilisation, respectively. The critical bud temperature at these stages was 33°C, above which fruit-set was reduced by 6% °C –1 . Lower fruit-set due to high temperatures at pre-anthesis and anthesis stages were due to pollen sterility and retarded pollen tube growth, respectively.

Genetic variability in high temperature effects on seed-set in sorghum

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuc T. Nguyen ◽  
Vijaya Singh ◽  
Erik J. van Oosterom ◽  
Scott C. Chapman ◽  
David R. Jordan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is grown as a dryland crop in semiarid subtropical and tropical environments where it is often exposed to high temperatures around flowering. Projected climate change is likely to increase the incidence of exposure to high temperature, with potential adverse effects on growth, development and grain yield. The objectives of this study were to explore genetic variability for the effects of high temperature on crop growth and development, in vitro pollen germination and seed-set. Eighteen diverse sorghum genotypes were grown at day : night temperatures of 32 : 21°C (optimum temperature, OT) and 38 : 21°C (high temperature, HT during the middle of the day) in controlled environment chambers. HT significantly accelerated development, and reduced plant height and individual leaf size. However, there was no consistent effect on leaf area per plant. HT significantly reduced pollen germination and seed-set percentage of all genotypes; under HT, genotypes differed significantly in pollen viability percentage (17–63%) and seed-set percentage (7–65%). The two traits were strongly and positively associated (R2 = 0.93, n = 36, P < 0.001), suggesting a causal association. The observed genetic variation in pollen and seed-set traits should be able to be exploited through breeding to develop heat-tolerant varieties for future climates.

scholarly journals Effect of long anther dehiscence on seed set at high temperatures during flowering in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Matsui ◽  
Toshihiro Hasegawa
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Global Warming Impact

AbstractCountermeasures that can mitigate the global warming impact on rice production are needed. The large dehiscence of anther for pollen dispersal is one trait that shows tolerance of seed set to high temperatures under the global warming. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of long anther dehiscence on high temperature tolerance. Seven chromosome segment substitution lines and the seed parent with the different dehiscence lengths were subjected to high daytime temperatures. Elongation of dehiscence formed at the base of anther (BDL) by 100 µm mitigated the occurrence of high temperature induced sterility by 20% and improved tolerance to the high temperature by 0.66 °C. Relationship between the seed set and BDL was well explained by pollination, showing that quantitative information provided in the present experiment is reliable. The information is expected to be used in estimation of global warming impact and making countermeasures for it.

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