scholarly journals The policy-led sustainability and financial performance linkage in the banking sector: case of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samiul Parvez Ahmed ◽  
Sarwar Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Fahad Noor ◽  
Zaima Ahmed ◽  
Uttam Karmaker
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Political Interference ◽  
Policy Guideline ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Sustainability Initiatives

Researchers in developed countries argue that banks should be free to decide about their sustainability initiatives without the interference from regulators. However, researchers in developing countries tend to think differently. This study aimed to focus on this argument by examining the linkage between sustainability and financial performance (SFP) aided through regulatory policy guidelines. In doing so, a comparative study was conducted between 2012 and 2018 to compare the pre- and post-status of SFP due to implementation of policy measures. Environmental, social and governance (ESG) scores were calculated and related with financial performance (return on assets) through regression analysis. The sample data includes 30 private commercial banks (PCBs) in Bangladesh. The analysis of the data shows that during these years, the overall sustainability performance, i.e., environmental, social and governance scores of the banks increased by 33 percent. However, the transformation of this performance into better financial performance could not been established even when age and size were taken into account. The current turbulent state of the banking sector due to growing non-performing loan has been identified as the single most influential factor for this neutral result. Research findings suggest that policy guideline initiatives do have a positive impact on bank sustainability. However, exogenous factors, such as political interference, may appease, deviate and prolong its impact on financial performance. This work will enhance the understanding of academics and policy-makers about the feasibility and impact of the policy-led sustainability model in the banking sector, particularly in developing countries.

scholarly journals Corporate Governance and Firm Financial Performance: A Meta-Analysis Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waris Ali ◽  
Riaz Hussain Ansari ◽  
Muhammad Abdul Basit Memon
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Board Independence ◽  
Board Meeting ◽  
Firm Financial Performance

  Based on the meta-analysis of 67 empirical research papers, this research extends prior reviews / meta-analysis studies by investigating the link of corporate governance (CG hereafter) mechanisms with firm financial performance. Further, this research contributes to the extant literature by making comparison of usefulness of CG mechanisms in both developed and developing countries. CG mechanisms appear to play differential role in driving corporate financial performance in both developed and developing countries. In developed countries board meeting and female representation on board has significant positive impact on firm financial performance, while board independence and board size has significant negative relationship. Inconsistent with the results of developed countries, firm financial performance appear to be negatively associated with board independence, board meeting, and managerial ownership and positively associated with ownership concentration. This difference can be attributed to different institutional settings in both developed and developing countries.

Accessibility: Not Just a Good Idea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandi Perera
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Learning Disability ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
The World ◽  
Legal Responsibilities ◽  
Content Accessibility ◽  
Global Population

Around 15% of the global population has a permanent disability, including approximately 285 million people with a visual impairment and an estimated 700 million people with dyslexia, the most common form of learning disability. The World Blind Union estimates less than 10% of published works are made into accessible formats in developed countries which drops to less than 1% in developing countries. As markup professionals and content models experts, there is a lot we can do to make a positive impact towards making more content accessible. This session will look at accessibility; our social, ethical, and legal responsibilities around content accessibility; and what we can do to make content more accessible.

Design Exploration of Affordable Refreshable Braille Display Technology for Low-Income Visually Impaired Users

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony S. Walker ◽  
Shraddha Sangelkar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tactile Display ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
High Price ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Braille Display

People with visual disability need assistance in reading and writing by converting text to braille. Braille allows tactile display of the information for the visually impaired. Refreshable braille displays are commonly available in developed countries for a high price with the number of cells the display contains being the most influential factor on that price. Low-income blind individuals from developing countries cannot afford an expensive refreshable braille display, which in turn limits their access to digital information. The purpose to this paper is to explore design options for reducing the cost of refreshable braille displays. The paper begins with a summary of currently available refreshable braille displays on the market and their features. Next, the design requirements are explored for developing a low-cost device for visually impaired users in the developing countries. The paper also explains the state-of-the-art technologies for actuating the braille dots that may reduce the cost of the device. Finally, the recommendations for reducing the cost of these displays are presented.

SERVICE COMPETITION, FIRM PERFORMANCE AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN MANUFACTURING: EVIDENCE FROM FIRM-LEVEL DATA IN CHINA

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350010 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEI LIN ◽  
GUISHENG WU
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Service Competition ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
The Impact

Service-based differentiation competitive strategy has been hugely adopted by manufacturing firms in both developing and developed countries, which would influence firm performance and resource allocation mode. Against the background of developing countries such as China, this empirical study has two purposes. The first is to investigate the impact of service competition on firm performance. The second is to summarize the resource allocation mode which executives would adopt to implement service competition. Based on service-dominant (SD) logic, resource-based view (RBV) and service marketing theory, this paper constructs a theoretical framework to link the organizational resources (product-related resources and service-related resources), competitive advantage (product quality and service quality) and firm performance (financial performance and non-financial performance), and proposes several hypotheses about the relationships among these constructs. Based on the survey data obtained from manufacturing firms in China in 2006, this paper employs a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with interaction effect involved to test the hypotheses. Several findings are found through data analysis. First, service competition has positive and significant impact on firm performance, and the contribution of product-related inputs on performance is much larger than that of service-related inputs. This implies that though the impact on performance of service competition is comparatively lower, service can still be the source of product differentiation and act as a positive complement to product-based competition. Second, consistent with our theoretical expectation, the finding indicates that there is a substitutive relationship between service-related resource and product-related resource to a certain degree, though weakly supported by data. This can be explained by the factors such as China's initial resource endowment, low-level stage of the market and the industry, etc. Finally, the paper discusses the theoretical and managerial implications of the research findings, which would provide empirical supports for the implementation of service-based differentiation strategy in manufacturing in developing countries.

Corporate sustainability and financial performance of Chinese banks

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Weber
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Credit Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Chinese Banks

Purpose This paper analyzes the connection between the sustainability performance of Chinese banks and their financial indicators to explore whether sustainability regulations can be implemented without decreasing the financial performance of the banking sector. Design/methodology/approach The study examined reports and websites of Chinese banks, categorized different corporate sustainability aspects and conducted panel regression and Granger causality to analyze cause and effect variables. Findings The environmental and social performance of Chinese banks increased significantly between 2009 and 2013. Furthermore, a bi-directional causality between financial performance and sustainability performance of Chinese banks has been found. Based on institutional theory, this interaction may be influenced by the Chinese Green Credit Policy. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest that corporate sustainability performance and financial performance are not a trade-off but correlate positively. Further research is needed to analyze the effect of financial regulations, such as the Chinese Green Credit Policy. Practical implications According to the good management theory by Waddock and Graves (1997) that claims a positive impact of corporate social performance on financial performance, Chinese banks can invest in corporate sustainability to increase their financial success and re-invest parts of the additional returns – also called slack resources – in sustainability activities. Social implications Chinese banks are able to influence the economy to become greener and less polluting without sacrificing financial returns. Originality/value This is the first study to explore the sustainability performance of Chinese banks, including their products and services.

scholarly journals Impacts from Economic Development and Environmental Factors on Life Expectancy: A Comparative Study Based on Data from Both Developed and Developing Countries from 2004 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8559
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Chen ◽  
Yuting Ma ◽  
Junyi Hua ◽  
Yuanhong Wang ◽  
Hongpeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urbanization Rate

Both economic development level and environmental factors have significant impacts on life expectancy at birth (LE). This paper takes LE as the research object and selects nine economic and environmental indicators with various impacts on LE. Based on a dataset of economic and environmental indicators of 20 countries from 2004 to 2016, our research uses the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to evaluate the correlation coefficients between the indicators, and we use multiple regression models to measure the impact of each indicator on LE. Based on the results from models and calculations, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the influencing mechanisms of different indicators on LE in both developed and developing countries, with conclusions as follow: (1) GDP per capita and the percentage of forest area to land area have a positive impact on LE in developed countries; however, they have a negative impact on LE in developing countries. Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP and fertilizer consumption have a negative impact on LE in developed countries; however, they have a positive impact on LE in developing countries. Gini coefficient and average annual exposure to PM2.5 have no significant effect on LE in developed countries; however, they have a negative impact on LE in developing countries. Current healthcare expenditures per capita have a negative impact on LE in developed countries, and there is no significant impact on LE in developing countries. (2) The urbanization rate has a significant positive impact on LE in both developed countries and developing countries. Carbon dioxide emissions have a negative impact on LE in both developed and developing countries. (3) In developed countries, GDP per capita has the greatest positive impact on LE, while fertilizer consumption has the greatest negative impact on LE. In developing countries, the urbanization rate has the greatest positive impact on LE, while the Gini coefficient has the greatest negative impact on LE. To improve and prolong LE, it is suggested that countries should prioritize increasing GDP per capita and urbanization level. At the same time, countries should also work on reducing the Gini coefficient and formulating appropriate healthcare and education policies. On the other hand, countries should balance between economic development and environmental protection, putting the emphasis more on environmental protection, reducing environmental pollution, and improving the environment’s ability of self-purification.

scholarly journals Investigating the Market Interest Rate on Commercial Banks Financial Performance in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Debashis Saha ◽  
Prodip Chandra Bishwas ◽  
Md. Mustofa Ahmed Sumon
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Market Interest Rate ◽  
The Relationship

The banking sector is the most vital partner of development for countries' economies. It has a remarkable contribution to the country's Gross Domestic Product. This study investigates the relationship between the market interest rate and commercial banks' financial performance. As Bangladesh's banking industry is growing, it is vital to maintain a more robust profitability level for its financial stability and soundness. Banks have some determinants that have a significant impact on their performance. The convenience sampling method is used to select the targeted sample. The study includes the time series data of eight years of fifteen commercial banks listed on the Dhaka Stock Exchange in Bangladesh. Multiple variable linear regression and correlation analysis are performed to examine the relationship of market interest rate with banks' profitability with statistical software, IBM SPSS version 25, and Microsoft excel. The study explored that the market interest rate has a significant positive impact on banks' profitability. It is also found that the lending rate and interest rate spread are significantly correlated with the banks' financial performance. The study recommended that banks make their investment to make a higher profit margin to enhance their management and financial soundness efficiency.

scholarly journals Impact of Financial Aid Branding on Public Perception and Favourability

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Lubaina Dawood Baig ◽  
Sana-ur -Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Financial Aid ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Branding Strategy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
Good Image ◽  
Inductive Approach ◽  
Research Findings

Since last four or five decades financial aid has remained a major source of finance for underdeveloped and developing countries. Despite giving impressively large amount of aid donors are disappointed in getting to the mark of achieving the good image and favourability from beneficiaries. Hence to create awareness and developing good image amongst the recipient nations, donors have started financial aid branding (Reinhardt, 2010). The basic intent of the present study is to investigate the rationale and impact of financial aid branding to shape public perception about donors. This inquiry is informed by qualitative inductive approach based on semi-structured interviews, conducted from a sample of twenty four Pakistani citizens.The research findings revealed that USAID is the most popular donor amongst Pakistani nation because of intensive branding strategy as compare to other bilateral aid donors. USAID is making its contribution visible through all possible mediums (electronic and print media). The most prominent strategy used is to adhere USAID logo on all items that recipients receive under USAID grant, with a prime motive to revert negative sentiments of Pakistanis and win their minds and hearts. The results exposed that branding have somehow positive impact on people sentiments. But minds and hearts of people, who are well aware of the underlying motives of America, cannot be easily compelled to believe otherwise.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Employee Participation in the Capital of their Enterprise: Russian and International Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
O. N. Buchinskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Employee Ownership ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Public Enterprises ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Collective Ownership ◽  
The Impact

The use of employee participation in the ownership of enterprises has become widely spread since the second half of the twentieth century. Alongside the development of various forms of employee participation in property, there have been ongoing theoretical debates about the effectiveness of these forms, for instance, whether employee property is a reliable method to increase the efficiency of a capitalist enterprise or just an attempt to implement elements of the socialist doctrine. The study aims to analyze the international perspective on employees’ equity participation in property, in particular the focus is made on the world’s most common ESOP plan. The methodological framework is based on international studies discuss-ing the impact of ESOP plans on the economic and financial performance of enterprises. These studies deal with the experience of developed countries as well as developing countries, from China to Cameroon. The positive impact of employee property on increasing the productivity of the enterprise is shown. In terms of financial indicators, the research results are inconsistent. In general, there is a weak positive, mainly indirect impact of partial ownership of employees on the financial performance of their enterprises. Moreover, in developed countries the effectiveness of ESOP is higher than in developing ones.The authors draw conclusion on unsatisfactory state of Russian enterprises with employee ownership which is reflected in steady decline in quantity of Russian public enterprises. The study includes explanation of reduction in the number of public enterprises, and recommendations for their organizational and legal type reform in order to improve the effectiveness in appli-cation of collective ownership in Russian conditions.The research results are used to give recommendations for improvement of the efficiency of shared employee ownership in Russia. It is shown that the concept of collective ownership in Russia should be reconsidered and the new types of employee par-ticipation in enterprise ownership should be based on protected minority corporatization.

scholarly journals Resolving Office Establishment Dispute in Nigeria through Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism: An Evolving Regime

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Bosede Remilekun Adeuti
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Alternative Dispute Resolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Intractable Problem ◽  
Dispute Resolution Mechanism

This paper examines contemporary issues in Office Establishment Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Nigeria. It explores strategic ways of resolving such office establishment dispute which has remained an intractable problem in Nigeria. The objective is to examine litigation challenges in settlement of this office dispute in Nigeria and other developing countries. This paper argues that adopting Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism in Office Establishment Dispute is not only a programmatic goal to be attained in the long term but rather an immediate obligation that is preferable to litigation in the court of law. The doctrinal research methodology will be used to examine the challenges in resolving office establishment dispute through alternative dispute resolution Mechanisms. This paper adopts an analytical and qualitative approach and builds its argument on existing literature works, which are achieved by synthesising ideas. Recommendations and suggestions are made based on research findings.  This paper concludes that the era of jettisoning or sacrificing Alternative Dispute Resolution on the altar of inapplicability in resolving office establishment dispute is gone and the need to move with time with the practise which has been in existence in developed countries for decades.

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