Comparison of methods for calculating effective doses for children during CT examinations of the chest organs

Computed tomography is associated with high patient doses. CT is actively used for pediatric, however, currently there is no reliable data on the pediatric patient doses in the Russian Federation. The current study presents the data on the anthropometric characteristics of 5, 10 and 15-year-old pediatric patients, as well as the results of a comparative assessment of the effective doses of these patients during CT-examinations of chest, considering their anthropometric data. The effective doses were calculated using three methods: based on the actual guidelines (MU 2.6.1.3584-19) using the age specific conversion coefficients; using the conversion coefficients considered patient body mass and effective diameter; using a specialized software NCICT 3.0. The difference between effective doses according to actual guidelines and considering patient body mass and effective diameter was about 7.1 % (max-65 %). High deviations were observed in patients with abnormally large or abnormally low body mass. Effective doses calculated using NCICT 3.0 were higher compared to doses calculated according to actual guidelines on average by 18 % (max — 53 %). Such differences are explained by the fact that in MU 2.6.1.3584-19 conversion coefficients are presented for the most common CT-scan parameters of protocols, and in NCICT 3.0 the calculation considers individual scan parameters for each patient. The difference between effective doses according to NCICT 3.0 and considering patient body mass and effective diameter was about 32 % (max-70 %). This difference can be explained by the differences in the anthropometric data of some patients, and by the use of different types of phantoms: a stylized phantom (Golikov et al) and a voxel phantom in NCICT 3.0.

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TO THE PROBLEMS OF COMBATING CORRUPTION IN MODERN RUSSIA AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF ANTI-CORRUPTION

Current problems of jurisprudence ◽

10.29039/02032-6/064-074 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Angela Dranishnikova

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

The State ◽

Point Of View ◽

Modern Life ◽

Existing Problems ◽

Moral Point ◽

Material Goods ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Difference ◽

The Government

In the article, the author reflects the existing problems of the fight against corruption in the Russian Federation. He focuses on the opacity of the work of state bodies, leading to an increase in bribery and corruption. The topic we have chosen is socially exciting in our days, since its significance is growing on a large scale at all levels of the investigated aspect of our modern life. Democratic institutions are being jeopardized, the difference in the position of social strata of society in society’s access to material goods is growing, and the state of society is suffering from the moral point of view, citizens are losing confidence in the government, and in the top officials of the state.

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Prediction of signs/symptoms of decompression sickness following submarine tower escape

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine ◽

10.22462/01.03.2019.3 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 17-33

Author(s):

Joel Edney ◽

Geoffrey Loveman ◽

Fiona Seddon ◽

Julian Thacker ◽

Karen Jurd ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Marked Effect ◽

Decompression Sickness ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Calibration Data ◽

Limb Pain ◽

Pulmonary Barotrauma ◽

Escape Depth ◽

Different Types ◽

Risk Curves

Crew survival in a distressed submarine (DISSUB) scenario may be enhanced by the knowledge of the risks of different types of decompression sickness (DCS) should the crew attempt tower escape. Four models were generated through calibration against DCS outcome data from 3,919 pressure exposures, each for the prediction of one of four categories of DCS: neurological, limb pain, respiratory and cutaneous. The calibration data contained details of human, goat, sheep and pig exposures to raised pressure while breathing air or oxygen/nitrogen mixtures. No exposures had substantial staged decompression or cases of suspected pulmonary barotrauma. DCS risk was scaled between species and with body mass. A parameter was introduced to account for the possibility of the occurrence of some symptom types masking others. The calibrated models were used to estimate likelihood of DCS occurrence for each symptom category following submarine tower escape. Escape depth was found to have a marked effect only on predicted rates of neurological DCS. Saturation at raised internal DISSUB pressure prior to escape was found to affect predicted rates of all symptom types. The iso-risk curves presented are offered as guidance to submarine crews and rescue forces in preparation for, or in the event of, a DISSUB scenario.

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Efficacy and Safety of a 3-Antigen (Pre-S1/Pre-S2/S) Hepatitis B Vaccine: Results of a Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trial in the Russian Federation

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciaa1649 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elena V Esaulenko ◽

Aleksey A Yakovlev ◽

Genady A Volkov ◽

Anastasia A Sukhoruk ◽

Kirill G Surkov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Double Blind ◽

Antigen Vaccine ◽

Single Antigen ◽

Antibody Titers ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Difference ◽

Mean Concentration

Abstract Background This study compares the immunogenicity and safety of a 3-antigen (S/pre-S1/pre-S2) hepatitis B (HepB) vaccine (3AV), to a single antigen vaccine (1AV) in adults to support the registration of 3AV in Russia. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, comparative study of 3-dose regimens of 3AV (10 μg) and 1AV (20 µg) in adults aged 18–45 years. We evaluated immunogenicity based on hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibody titers at days 1, 28, 90, 180, and 210, adverse and serious adverse events (SAEs) to study day 210. The primary outcome was based on the difference in rates of seroconversion at day 210 (lower bound 95% confidence interval [CI]: > − 4%). Secondary outcomes were seroprotection rates (SPR), defined as anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL and anti-HBs geometric mean concentration (GMC). Results Rate of seroconversion in 3AV (100%) was noninferior to 1AV (97.9%) at study day 210 (difference: 2.1%, 95% CI: −2.0, 6.3%]) but significantly higher at study day 28. SPR at study day 210 was >97% in both arms. Anti-HBs titers were significantly higher at study days 90 (P = .001) and 180 (P = .0001) with 3AV. Sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) had no impact on anti-HBs titers. The rates of local reactions related to vaccination were similar between vaccine arms (3AV vs 1AV) after the first (30% vs 18.8%, P = .15), second (20.0% vs 14.6%, P = .33), and third vaccination (14.9% vs 23.4%, P = .22). No SAEs were reported. Conclusions 3AV was noninferior to 1AV. 3AV induced high SPR, and there were no safety concerns. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT04209400.

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Changes in Children’s Body Composition and Posture during Puberty Growth

Children ◽

10.3390/children8040288 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 288

Author(s):

Wojciech Rusek ◽

Joanna Baran ◽

Justyna Leszczak ◽

Marzena Adamczyk ◽

Rafał Baran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Body Mass ◽

Pelvic Obliquity ◽

The Body ◽

Body Posture ◽

Older Children ◽

The Difference ◽

The Right

The main goal of our study was to determine how the age of children, puberty and anthropometric parameters affect the formation of body composition and faulty body posture development in children. The secondary goal was to determine in which body segments abnormalities most often occur and how gender differentiates the occurrence of adverse changes in children’s body posture and body composition during puberty. The study group consisted of 464 schoolchildren aged from 6–16. Body posture was assessed with the Zebris system. The composition of the body mass was tested with Tanita MC 780 MA body mass analyzer and the body height was measured using a portable stadiometer PORTSTAND 210. The participants were further divided due to the age of puberty. Tanner division was adopted. The cut-off age for girls is ≥10 years and for boys it is ≥12 years. The analyses applied descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation, stepwise regression analysis and the t-test. The accepted level of significance was p < 0.05. The pelvic obliquity was lower in older children (beta = −0.15). We also see that age played a significant role in the difference in the height of the right pelvis (beta = −0.28), and the difference in the height of the right shoulder (beta = 0.23). Regression analysis showed that the content of adipose tissue (FAT%) increased with body mass index (BMI) and decreased with increasing weight, age, and height. Moreover, the FAT% was lower in boys than in girls (beta negative equal to −0.39). It turned out that older children (puberty), had greater asymmetry in the right shoulder blade (p < 0.001) and right shoulder (p = 0.003). On the other hand, younger children (who were still before puberty) had greater anomalies in the left trunk inclination (p = 0.048) as well as in the pelvic obliquity (p = 0.008). Girls in puberty were characterized by greater asymmetry on the right side, including the shoulders (p = 0.001), the scapula (p = 0.001) and the pelvis (p < 0.001). In boys, the problem related only to the asymmetry of the shoulder blades (p < 0.001). Girls were characterized by a greater increase in adipose tissue and boys by muscle tissue. Significant differences also appeared in the body posture of the examined children. Greater asymmetry within scapulas and shoulders were seen in children during puberty. Therefore, a growing child should be closely monitored to protect them from the adverse consequences of poor posture or excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body.

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Contributions of source population and incubation temperature to phenotypic variation of hatchling Chinese skinks

Current Zoology ◽

10.1093/cz/zoaa063 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hong-Liang Lu ◽

Yan-Fu Qu ◽

Hong Li ◽

Xiang Ji

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Phenotypic Variation ◽

Incubation Temperature ◽

Tail Length ◽

Population Variation ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Source Population ◽

Relative Importance ◽

The Difference ◽

Hatchling Size

Abstract Phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation are viewed as the main factors that result in between-population variation in phenotypic traits, but contributions of these factors to phenotypic variation vary between traits and between species and have only been explored in a few species of reptiles. Here, we incubated eggs of the Chinese skink (Plestiodon chinensis) from 7 geographically separated populations in Southeast China at 3 constant temperatures (24, 28, and 32 °C) to evaluate the combined effects of clutch origin, source population, and incubation temperature on hatchling traits. The relative importance of these factors varied between traits. Nearly all examined hatchling traits, including body mass, snout–vent length (SVL), tail length, head size, limb length, tympanum diameter, and locomotor speed, varied among populations and were affected by incubation temperature. Measures for hatchling size (body mass and SVL) varied considerably among clutches. Source population explained much of the variation in hatchling body mass, whereas incubation temperature explained much of the variation in other examined traits. Our results indicate that between-population variation in hatchling traits of P. chinensis likely reflects the difference in natural incubation conditions and genetic divergence.

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Investigation of Color Reproduction on Linen Fabrics when Printing with Mimaki TX400-1800D Inkjet with Pigment TP250 Dyes

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11030354 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 354

Author(s):

Tim Tofan ◽

Rimantas Stonkus ◽

Raimondas Jasevičius

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Color Reproduction ◽

Related Effect ◽

Color Characteristics ◽

Fabric Density ◽

Different Types ◽

The Difference ◽

Printing Parameters ◽

Linen Fabric

The aim of this research is to investigate related effect of dyeability to linen textiles related to different printing parameters. The study investigated the change in color characteristics when printing on linen fabrics with an inkjet MIMAKI Tx400-1800D printer with pigmented TP 250 inks. The dependence of color reproduction on linen fabrics on the number of print head passes, number of ink layers to be coated, linen fabric density, and different types of linen fabric was investigated. All this affects the quality of print and its mechanical properties. The change in color characteristics on different types of linen fabrics was determined experimentally. We determine at which print settings the most accurate color reproduction can be achieved on different linen fabrics. The difference between the highest and the lowest possible number of head passages was investigated. The possibilities of reproducing different linen fabric colors were determined.

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Accuracy of body mass index measurements in community-dwelling older Japanese people based on self-reported anthropometric data

European Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.1007/s41999-018-0138-z ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 151-154

Author(s):

Naoto Kamide ◽

Miki Sakamoto ◽

Yoshitaka Shiba ◽

Haruhiko Sato

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Japanese People ◽

Anthropometric Data

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Validity of Recreational Marathon Runners’ Self-Reported Anthropometric Data

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/0031512520930159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 127 (6) ◽

pp. 1068-1078

Author(s):

Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽

Beat Knechtle

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Assessment Method ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Anthropometric Data ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Marathon Runners ◽

Present Sample ◽

Large Samples ◽

Anthropometric Characteristics ◽

Recreational Runners

While studies on large samples of recreational runners have often relied on participants’ self-reported height and body mass, the validity of these data have not been investigated for this population. Hence, this study sought to examine the validity of self-reported anthropometric measures among recreational marathon runners. Female ( n = 32) and male ( n = 135) recreational marathon runners were requested to estimate their body mass and height (and we calculated their self-reported body mass index [BMI]), after which we took actual measures of their body mass and height and calculated their actual BMI. Participants’ self-reported values underestimated their actual body mass by 0.65 kg ( p < .001, η2 = 0.222) and their actual BMI by 0.35 kg ⋅ m−2 ( p < .001, η2 = 0.245). There was a significant Assessment Method × Sex Interaction for both body mass ( p = .019, η2 = 0.033) and BMI ( p = .017, η2 = 0.034), as women underestimated body mass values more than men. Participants overestimated their height by 0.44 cm ( p < .001, η2 = 0.075), but the interaction of sex and assessment method for height was not statistically significant. Underestimates of body mass correlated with marathon racing speed ( r = .24, p = .006) and body fat percentage ( r = −.29, p = .001) in men, but not in women ( p > .05). The disagreement between self-reported and measured anthropometric data in the present sample was lower than has been previously reported for the general population, suggesting that marathon runners may more accurately self-perceive and/or report their anthropometric characteristics. These findings are of practical value for health professionals and researchers (e.g., nutritionists and exercise physiologists) questionnaires to recreational marathon runners.

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Evaluation of Wear Behaviour in Metallic Binders Employed in Diamond Tools for Cutting Stone

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14143988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 3988

Author(s):

Fátima Ternero ◽

Pedro M. Amaral ◽

Jorge Cruz Fernandes ◽

Luís Guerra Rosa

Keyword(s):

Wear Behavior ◽

Wear Behaviour ◽

Empirical Expression ◽

Testing Conditions ◽

Diamond Tools ◽

Test Methodology ◽

Different Types ◽

Stone Material ◽

The Difference ◽

Wear Tests

A type of disc-on-plate test methodology was used to determine the wear behavior of metallic binders employed in the manufacturing of diamond impregnated tools. The disc consists of a special circular wheel that allows the binder materials alone (i.e., without diamond, but sintered under conditions identical to those of the complete tool) to be tested against a plate of stone material under pre-determined testing conditions. The testing conditions are intended to be equivalent to those used in the industrial processes. Using plates of five types of granite and one type of marble, this work comprises wear tests of 15 different types of metallic binders and two sintering modes conducted under, at least, three different values of contact-force. The analysis of the results demonstrated that the wear of the binders can be related to their mechanical properties through an empirical expression. The larger the difference between the characteristics of the tribological pair (binder versus stone), the higher is the correlation between the experimental wear data and the values given by the empirical expression. The relationships presented in this work allow predicting the wear behavior of the binder, and therefore may help in the design process of diamond tools. There was a clear difference between the wear behavior of metallic binders when they were employed against the two main classes of stone under analysis (marble and granite).

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