Certain chorioretinal parameters of the eye in congenital and acquired myopia and their relationship with anatomical and optical parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
E. P. Tarutta ◽  
R. R. Khubieva ◽  
G. A. Markosyan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Posterior Pole ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Structural Disorders ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomograph

Purpose: to assess the thickness of the central region of the retina and choroid, the layer of nerve fibers in the macular and peripapillary regions, the density of the superficial and deep plexus of the retina and the choroid in congenital and acquired myopia and see how they are related with the refraction and axial length of the eye.Material and methods. 33 patients aged 6 to 16 (averagely, 12.07 ± 3.09 years) were divided into 3 groups: 1) with congenital myopia (23 eyes), 2) with acquired myopia (9 eyes), and 3) the control group with emmetropia (20 eyes). Chorioretinal and hemodynamic parameters were determined using an RS-3000 Advance 2 spectral optical coherence tomograph (Nidek, Japan). Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient (r).Results. Structural changes in the sensory and vascular membranes of the eye were revealed in both myopic groups as compared to the control group. Of the two clinical groups, more severe structural disorders were found in congenital myopia. Hemodynamic parameters revealed abnormalities in the deep retinal layers, as well as in the choriocapillary layer. The comparative analysis showed that morphological changes in the posterior pole have a stronger correlation with anatomical parameters as compared to optical ones.Conclusion. Optical coherence tomography is an informative method of differential diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostication of changes in the posterior pole in myopia.

Changes in Langerhans cells and the structure of corneal nerve fibers in patients with glaucoma according in vivo confocal microscopy

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
S.E. Avetisov ◽  
◽  
V.V. Strahov ◽  
Z.V. Surnina ◽  
A.A. Popova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Langerhans Cells ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Corneal Nerve

The most important tasks of preventing blindness and low vision in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) are its early diagnosis and quality monitoring in order to stabilize the glaucoma process. Purpose. To analyze the state of Langerhans inflammatory cells and the structure of corneal nerve fibers in patients with POAG. Material and methods. The study included 46 patients. The main group - 26 patients (52 eyes) aged 39 to 80 years - diagnosed with POAG stages I-IV. Control group - 20 patients (40 eyes) - ophthalmologically healthy volunteers with a normal level of intraocular pressure (IOP) and no signs of POAG at the age from 36 to 72 years. Patients underwent: visometry, biomicroscopy of the anterior segment of the eye, ophthalmoscopy, gonioscopy, contour tonometry using the Pascal method, optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the optic nerve discs (Zeiss Stratus 3000) and confocal microscopy of the cornea (CMR) (HRT III, Rostock Cornea Module). Results. In patients with POAG, according to CMR data, structural changes were revealed in the layer of nerve fibers of the cornea, and abnormalities in the structure and number of inflammatory macrophages (Langerhans cells) were also identified. The interocular asymmetry of CNF was investigated in patients with different stages of glaucoma in paired eyes. Conclusion. Аnalyzing the structure of corneal nerve fibers and Langerhans cells can be used as a diagnostic algorithm in patients with POAG. Key words: glaucoma, confocal microscopy, corneal nerve fibers, Langerhans cells, optical coherence tomography.

scholarly journals Glaucomatous Macular Vasculature: A Quantitative Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-197
Author(s):  
Pedro Arede ◽  
Joanna Przezdziecka-Dolyk ◽  
Fabian Debowy ◽  
Jacek Olszewski ◽  
Carla Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Avascular Zone

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the macular vessel density (VD) and the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) in glaucoma quantitatively using the optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). Methods: Twenty-five eyes of 13 patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 12 eyes of 6 healthy participants were enrolled retrospectively. Functional visual field (VF) and structural Spectral-Domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness (RNFLT) were assessed in all participants. OCT-A was performed on a fovea centered, 15x10 degrees, macular region. OCT-A scans were processed with MATLAB software and automatically graded to define FAZ parameters. The parafoveal VD in the superficial and deep retinal vascular plexus (SVP and DVP) was analyzed by quadrant and circular segmented zones. Results: Foveal Avascular Zone -Major Axis Length (p=0.02), Area (p=0.04), Equivalent Diameter (p=0.04) and Perimeter (p=0.04) were significantly larger in glaucoma than the control group. Regarding SVP and DVP, the average macular total VD were lower in glaucoma patients compared to the control group (p<0.01; p<0.01). Additionally, the inner circular region (p=0.04; p<0.01 respectively for SVP and DVP) and all quadrants except for North had a lower VD in glaucoma group compared to the control group. Assessment of the total VD successfully predicted RNFLT (p<0.001) and was significantly associated with the probability of glaucoma (p=0.009). Conclusion: OCT-A parameters, namely the FAZ morphology and the macular VD, were associated with glaucomatous functional and structural changes. The macular VD showed a considerable diagnostic value. It may be a modern biomarker, representing microvascular network disruption of the macular perfusion in glaucoma.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NEPHROTOXICITY OF DOXORUBICIN AND NANOSTRUCTURED DOXORUBICIN IN CONDITIONS OF TRANSPLANTABLE CARCINOGENESIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
I. N. Chairkin ◽  
N. V. Chairkina ◽  
O. N. Deryabina ◽  
V. Y. Medvezhonkov ◽  
O. V. Kalmin
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

The study was carried out on 120 mongrel white laboratory rats, to whom were transplanted the ascitiс Zaidel's hepatoma and which were divided into three equal groups. Of these, the first group of animals was a control group without treatment. In the second group, to animals doxorubicin was injected, in the third group, nanostructured doxorubicin was injected to the animals for 21 days. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of morphological changes in the tubules and glomeruli of the kidneys under the influence of nanostructured doxorubicin and doxorubicin in the condition of transplantable carcinogenesis. Given the nephrotoxicity of the chemotherapy drugs studied, the dynamics of structural changes in the tubules and glomeruli of the kidneys was studied. Conducted a comparative morphological evaluation of the changes occurring in the kidneys. The results of a morphological study of the structural components of the kidneys prove that doxorubicin and nanostructured doxorubicin have different effects on both the tubular apparatus and the glomeruli of the kidneys in the condition of transient carcinogenesis. The use of doxorubicin is accompanied by a relatively pronounced nephrotoxic effect, which is indicated by dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the epithelium of convoluted tubules and the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys. The use of nanostructured doxorubicin is limited to moderately expressed dystrophic changes in the epithelium of the tubular apparatus of the kidneys, the glomerular apparatus remains intact at the same time. Thus, the use of the preparation of nanostructured doxorubicin for the treatment of the ascitic hepatoma of Zaidel in experimental animals has a less pronounced toxic and damaging effect on the renal parenchyma.

scholarly journals Renoprotective Effects of Trigonella foenum and Cinnamon on Type 2 Diabetic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Seyed Mehrdad Kassaee ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi ◽  
Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Cinnamon Extract

Background: Herbal medicine is used in all parts of the world mainly for prevention and treatment of various disorders due to better cultural suitability, lower cost and less side effects. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the hypoglycemic and kidney-protective effects of the aqueous extract of Trigonella foenum and Cinnamon on diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, rats were randomly divided into 6 groups as follows: Group 1: control group in which animals received chow diet, group 2: diabetic rats, group 3: diabetic rat + 2% T. foenum extract (w/w), group 4: diabetic rat + 8% of Trigonella foenum extract (w/w), group 5: diabetic rat + 2% Cinnamon extract (w/w) and group 6: diabetic rat + 8% of Cinnamon extract (w/w). Aqueous extract of T. foenum leaves and Cinnamon were administered to diabetic rats for 4 weeks. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level and total antioxidant capacity were also measured in kidney of the animals. In addition, morphological changes of the kidney were also analyzed by the light microscope. Results: Trigonella foenum and Cinnamon extract in diabetic animals significantly reduced MDA levels and restored antioxidant capacity (P<.05). T. foenum and Cinnamon also normalized plasma urea and creatinine concentration in diabetic rats (P<.05). Administration of T. foenum and Cinnamon extract especially at the dose of 8 mg/kg normalized histopatholgical changes of kidney in diabetic animal. Conclusions: The findings of this experiment showed that T. foenum extract and Cinnamon restored antioxidant capacity and structural changes of kidney.

scholarly journals Choroidal Structural Changes Assessed with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography after Cataract Surgery in Eyes with Diabetic Retinopathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiping Yao ◽  
Sha Gao ◽  
Xiaoqing Liu ◽  
Yufeng Zhou ◽  
Yu Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Diabetic Cataract ◽  
Swept Source ◽  
Choroidal Vasculature ◽  
The Difference

Objective. To determine the influence of phacoemulsification on choroidal vasculature in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR) undergoing cataract surgery using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT). Methods. The study was conducted in 23 eyes of 23 cataract patients with mild/moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) without diabetic macular edema (DME) and 23 age-matched controls. Choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) were measured at baseline and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery. Results. The baseline CVI in the DR group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P = 0.001 ). CVI in DR patients after surgery significantly increased compared with preoperative values (all P < 0.001 for 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery). Postoperative increase of CVI and CT in the DR group was more than in the control group, and the difference was significant 1 month and 3 months after surgery (all P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Patients with mild/moderate NPDR have reduced CVI compared with nondiabetic patients at baseline; diabetic cataract surgery tended to induce more increase in CVI and CT as compared with nondiabetic patients. This trial is registered with NCT04499768.

scholarly journals Morphological Changes in Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands During the Reparative Osteogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-94
Author(s):  
E. I. Shurygina ◽  
V. S. Polyakova ◽  
V. A. Mikhanov
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Zone ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Reparative Osteogenesis

The aim of the research is to study the dynamics of structural and functional changes in the thyroid and parathyroid glands during reparative osteogenesis. Material and methods. The study was performed on 40 adult males rat of the Wistar line, weighing 180.0±10.0 g. A model of an open fracture of the tibial diaphysis was used in the experimental group. The control group was intact. Structural changes in bone callus, thyroid and parathyroid glands were studied using immunohistochemistry methods, light microscopy, morphometry and statistics. Results. The proliferative and functional activity of the major endocrinocytes of the parathyroid glands is increased in the initial periods of reparative osteogenesis, resulting in an increasing of osteoclastic activity with resorption of bone fragments in the fracture zone. From 21th day of osteogenesis the functional activity of the parathyroid glands is reduced, the activity of the C-cells of the thyroid gland is activated; then the functional activity of C-cells is decreased. Conclusion. The observed changes in the synthetic and proliferative activity of C-cells and parathyrocytes have a certain time interval, which correlates with the histogenesis of bone tissue in the fracture zone.

scholarly journals CORRELATION ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE LAMINA CRIBROSA IN THE DEPENDENCE OF VISUAL FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH MYOPY OF DIFFERENT LEVEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-71
Author(s):  
P. А. Bеzdеtkо ◽  
А. О. Hulidа
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Visual Functions ◽  
High Stage ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
High Degree

Summary. Myopia is one of the most common visual disorders affecting both children and adults. A high degree of myopia further increases the chance of developing irreversible visual impairment due to pathologic changes in the retina, decrease in the capacity for work and significantly impairs the quality of life. The purpose was to study correlation connection between changes in morphological structures of lamina cribrosa and functional indicators of visual functions in patients with low, moderate and high stage of myopia using optical coherence tomography. Materials and methods. Clinical and diagnostic examination was performed on 120 patients, 204 eyes. Among all the persons who were examined, there were 120 patients (204 eyes), of whom 64 were women [(53.33 ± 6.44)%] and 56 were men [(46.67 ± 6.44)%]. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy volunteers (38 eyes), of which 11 women and 9 men were matched by gender and age. Results. The data obtained strong correlative connection between morphological changes in lamina cribrosa and visual field, refraction, axial length of the eye. Conclusions. Optical coherence tomography can helps diagnose morphological changes of lamina cribrosa in early stages and to provides in-time preventive methods to slow down myopia progression That affects functional and visual changes of eye analizator.

Structural and Morphological Changes in the Liver Due to Intestinal Endotoxins

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Malev ◽  
Anna N. Zakharova ◽  
Vitalii B. Kaliberdenko ◽  
Tatyana A. Fominykh ◽  
Shanmugaraj Kulanthaivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Potent Inducer ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Oxidation Stress ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products

Background: Under normal physiological conditions, endotoxin (ET) released during self-renewal of the colibacillus pool is an obligate stimulus for the formation of the immune system and homeostasis of the body. Violation of the barrier function of the intestinal wall and the mechanisms of neutralization of endotoxin lead to systemic endotoxemia of intestinal origin. Its development is facilitated by stress, intoxication, a decrease in nonspecific resistance of the body, as well as damage to the intestinal mucosa and dysbiosis, where the mucous membrane is more vulnerable and permeable to endotoxin. Purpose of the Research: The aim of this study is to compare and assess the severity and nature of hepatocyte damage from endotoxin exposure and the degree of manifestation of stress due to oxidation, to determine the characteristics of structural changes in hepatocytes and to assess the oxidation stress during endotoxin intoxication in the experiment with biochemical markers. Materials and Methods: The experiments were conducted on 40 non-linear rats, divided into two groups of 20 animals. Group 1 animals received intraperitoneal injections of ET of Escherichia coli drug (Sigma USA K-235) for seven days at a rate of 0.1 mg/kg of the body weight. Animals of the second group served as the control group. Character and stage of liver damage were studied using morphological methods, including electron and light microscopy. In studying oxidizing stress, biochemical methods were used to define the changes, such as conjugated dienes and dienketones, spontaneous oxidizing modification of proteins. Results and Conclusion: 1. The severity and depth of morphological changes in the liver during endotoxin intoxication were correlated with the dynamics of the content of lipid oxidation products (CD and DK, MDA) and proteins. There was a tendency for a more significant increase in the oxidative modification of proteins in serum. This confirms the data on the primary damage of proteins by free radicals. 2. When exposed to intestinal microflora endotoxin, pronounced dyscirculatory changes, fatty and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes with signs of toxic damage to their nuclei were determined, but at the same time, the increased hyperplastic activity of sinusoidal cells remained associated with the effects of endotoxin. These changes are associated with both the direct toxic effect of endotoxin, and the effects of oxidative stress, in which endotoxin is a potent inducer.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional Studies in the Early Diagnosis of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-286
Author(s):  
E. E. Kazaryan ◽  
I. A. Ronzina ◽  
V. M. Sheludchenko ◽  
T. V. Smirnova ◽  
D. M. Safonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retinal Layer ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser

Purpose:to study the relationship between the optic nerve structural changes and the electrophysiological parameters of visual analyzer in the early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Patients and methods.68 people took part in the study. 48 patients (56 eyes) were diagnosed with ophthalmic hypertension, suspected glaucoma (age ranged from 35 to 67 years, the average age was 51 years) and 20 healthy subjects (40 eyes) who entered the control group (age 32 up to 63 years, the average age is 47 years). All patients underwent standard ophthalmologic examination, multifocal electroretinography (mEPHRG), confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (KSLO), electrophosphhenes and CFCs. For all types of analysis of mEPHR indices (by rings, quadrants and 3D), normal topography and density of the biopotential of the central region of the retina were recorded in patients with suspected glaucoma. The indices of the electrosensitivity of the inner layers of the retina, the conductivity of the axial fasciculus of the optic nerve, and CFSC also corresponded to normal values. Analysis of CCEA results showed a significant decrease of NRF volume of and the thickness of the retinal layer of nerve fibers compared to the control group, while in the group of patients with suspected glaucoma in 71 % of cases, the decrease of indicators correlated with the abnormalities in the static perimetry that was carried out earlier. Conducted morphometric studies confirm the fact that the decrease in the volume of IUU and SNV begins at the early, preclinical stage of glaucoma, and this in patients with ophthalmic hypertension can provide valuable information on the early diagnosis of POAG.

The dynamics of structural changes of rat kidney with acute tubular necrosis in rats treated by cell therapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (32) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Бибаева ◽  
Larisa Bibaeva ◽  
Дзахова ◽  
Galina Dzakhova ◽  
Цуциева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tubular Necrosis

Histological examination of Wistar line rats kidneys showed that intramuscular injection of 50% glycerol (0,8 ml per 100 gram of body weight) causes the development of acute renal failure which is characterized by violation of the main processes of ureagenesis such as filtration and reabsorbtion. Proteinuria and uremia were also noted. Besides, the expressed morphological changes of kidneys tissue were detectedin all tested animals. The examined group of animals with transplantation of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) received from a human placenta was characterized by less expressed morphological changes of kidneys in comparison with control group and tended to normalization of kidneys function and their histology.

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