scholarly journals Different types of hyperammonemia in clinical practice

2018 ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Plotnikova ◽  
A. S. Sukhikh
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Generic Drug ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Pharmaceutical Equivalence ◽  
Different Types

Hyperammonemia is a metabolic disorder, which is caused as a result of high levels of ammonia present in the blood. Hyperammonemia is related to severe liver diseases, primarily to cirrhosis in 90% of cases. Non-cirrhotic causes should be considered in the remaining 10%. The article describes various causes and clinical features of hyperammonemia related to the pre-cirrhotic stages of liver disease, especially to non-alcoholic fatty dystrophy. The authors also provide other etiologies that cause hyperammonemia of varying severity, from minimal to very severe, leading to fatal outcome. The paper provides an analysis of the efficacy of L-ornithine-L-aspartate in hyperammonemia, and the results of own original author’s pharmaceutical equivalence study of the original and generic drug L-ornithine-L-aspartate.

scholarly journals The Course Of Chronic Liver Disease In Patients With Covid-2019 (Literature Review And Own Data)

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (09) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Muxamedova Z.R. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Liver Damage

The pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID-19 has switched medicine around the world on the primary fight against this infection. Patients with chronic liver diseases require increased attention of doctors during an epidemic, since against the background of an exacerbation of their disease, not only the risk of contracting the COVID 19 viral infection increases, but also its more severe course. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 with severe liver damage - high biochemical activity. According to some reports, patients with a severe course of COVID-19 have an increase in ALT levels, a decrease in the number of platelets, a decrease in the level of albumin, and a connection (although not all indicators) with a higher risk of mortality is possible.

scholarly journals Patients with chronic liver disease and COVID-19 (literature review and own data)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2/S) ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
D.H. Yuldasheva ◽  
Z.X. Muxamedova ◽  
N.S. Shadjanova
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
Severe Liver Damage

The pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID-19 has switched medicine around the world on the primary fight against this infection. Patients with chronic liver diseases require increased attention of doctors during an epidemic, since against the background of an exacerbation of their disease, not only the risk of contracting the COVID 19 viral infection increases, but also its more severe course. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 with severe liver damage - high biochemical activity. According to some reports, patients with a severe course of COVID-19 have an increase in ALT levels, a decrease in the number of platelets, a decrease in the level of albumin, and a connection (although not all indicators) with a higher risk of mortality is possible.

Role of the Inflammasome in Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelle de Carvalho Ribeiro ◽  
Gyongyi Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Proinflammatory Response ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Pyrin Domain ◽  
Different Types

The involvement of inflammasomes in the proinflammatory response observed in chronic liver diseases, such as alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is widely recognized. Although there are different types of inflammasomes, most studies to date have given attention to NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) in the pathogenesis of ALD, NAFLD/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. Canonical inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that are assembled after the sensing of danger signals and activate caspase-1, which matures interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, and IL-37 and also induces a form of cell death called pyroptosis. Noncanonical inflammasomes activate caspase-11 to induce pyroptosis. We discuss the different types of inflammasomes involved in liver diseases with a focus on ( a) signals and mechanisms of inflammasome activation, ( b) the role of different types of inflammasomes and their products in the pathogenesis of liver diseases, and ( c) potential therapeutic strategies targeting components of the inflammasomes or cytokines produced upon inflammasome activation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pathology: Mechanisms of Disease, Volume 17 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Evaluation of miR-222 Expression in HBV Infected Patients in Comparison with HDV and HBV Co-infected Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Sokhanvar ◽  
Ameneh Elikaei ◽  
Zohreh Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Cdna Synthesis ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Complementary Dna ◽  
Expression Of Genes

Background: Liver disease is more severe in HDV+HBV co-infected patients than HBV infected patients which seems to be related to differences in the expression of genes and other factors such as MicroRNAs (miRNAs). The aim of this study was to investigate miR-222 expression in HBV infected patients in comparison with HDV+HBV co-infected patients. Methods: First, total RNA was extracted from the serum samples and then, complementary DNA (cDNA) was produced using cDNA synthesis kit. Finally, miR-222 gene expression was measured using U6 as the internal control by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: The level of miR-222 expression in HDV+HBV co-infected samples was significantly up regulated. The fold change of the miR-222 expression between two groups was 3.3 (95% CI; 0.011- 17.63) with p<0.001. Conclusion: The expression of miR-222 was higher in HBV+HDV co-infected patients than HBV infected patients. Further studies should be conducted to confirm whether miR-222 can be a biomarker for prognosis of severe liver diseases.

scholarly journals Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) Immunoassay Test for Identification of Significant Liver Diseases: Recent Developments

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
Rubayat Sheik Giasuddin ◽  
Mobin Khan ◽  
ASM Giasuddin ◽  
Md Mahmudur Rahman Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Prognostic Tool ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Recent Developments

Liver Fibrosis (LF) is a common outcome in chronic liver disease (CLD). Over a period of time, the process results in cirrhosis leading to disruption in functional capacity of liver. Further serious complications may occur including portal hypertension, liver failure and cancer. The magnitude of CLD has increased being recognized as a major cause for morbidity and mortality globally and it is increasing progressively in Bangladesh also. Question arises "Is the transabdominal needle biopsy of liver, the traditional reference standard method, sufficient and efficient enough for detecting and assessing liver fibrosis particularly in the early stages of significant liver disease?" More simpler, convenient and less expensive blood tests such as 'Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) immunoassay test', Fibrotest and Aspartate transaminase-platelet ratio index (APRI), have been developed and reported for identification of significant CLD and use as prognostic tool in clinical practice. Among them, the ELF test had been found to be statistically the best for diagnosing and predicting clinical outcomes in patients with CLD and may be a useful prognostic tool in clinical practice. This ELF immunoassay test has been briefly reviewed in this article. Short title: ELF immunoassay test for CLDAnwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 6, No. 1: January 2015, Pages 38-41

Use of ulipristal acetate and risk of liver disease: a nationwide cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen L Yoon ◽  
Jin-Sung Yuk
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gnrh Agonist ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Gnrh Agonists ◽  
Severe Liver ◽  
Health Insurance Data ◽  
Ulipristal Acetate ◽  
Severe Liver Disease ◽  
Insurance Data

Abstract Context Large-scale clinical trials on the hepatotoxicity of ulipristal acetate (UPA) are lacking. Objective To determine the incidence of liver disease with UPA versus gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting National health insurance data in South Korea. Patients or Other Participants Women with uterine fibroids from the Korean Health Insurance Data 2010-2018. Intervention(s) Women with uterine fibroids were divided into two treatment groups: the UPA (5 mg/day) and GnRH agonist groups. Main Outcome Measure(s) Presence or absence of severe liver disease, mild liver disease, and liver transplantation. Results Among the patients with uterine fibroids,17,207 patients were treated with GnRH agonists and 20,926 patients with UPA. After 1:1 propensity score matching for each group, there were 11,445 individuals. Neither group had a liver transplantation case. In the conditional logistic regression analysis, the incidences of total liver diseases (relative risk [RR] 1.111, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.015-1.216) and mild liver diseases (RR 1.094, 95% CI 1-1.196) were higher in the UPA group than in the GnRH agonist group, but those of severe liver diseases (RR 0.07, 95% CI 0.001-4.412) and toxic liver disease (RR 1.256, 95% CI 0.845-1.867) did not differ between the groups. Conclusions The incidences of severe liver disease, hepatic failure, and toxic liver disease were not different between the UPA and GnRH agonist groups. However, the incidence of mild liver disease was higher in the UPA group than in the GnRH agonist group. The incidence of hepatic damage with UPA was very low.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological correlation of liver biopsy- study of 50 cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
Mohammad Murad Hossain ◽  
Md Abul Kashem Khandaker ◽  
Khan Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Md Hafiz Sardar ◽  
Shudip Ranjan Deb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Medical College

Background: The liver biopsy is considered by many experts to be the most specific diagnostic tool used to assess the nature and severity of liver diseases such as hepatitis C. Liver biopsies are important for many reasons, such as accurate diagnosis or ruling out any coexisting liver diseases, staging and grading the severity of liver disease, treatment decisions, patient and provider reassurance, and as a benchmark for gauging future progression. Methods: In this observational study, 50 patients were recruited from different Medicine units of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from May, 2008 to June, 2009. After preliminary selection of patients, a specific protocol was followed which include patients’ particulars, clinical features and clinical diagnosis, biochemical parameters, radiological and other investigative procedures and finally percutaneous needle biopsy of liver was done. The objective of the study was to establish the correlation of clinical presentation of chronic parenchymal liver disease with histopathological findings and establish liver biopsy as a tool for diagnosis. SPSS version 16.0 was used to analyze the data. Quantitative data were presented in the form of tables and figures. Chi-square test and student t test was done to find out the statistical significance. Results: Histopathologically chronic liver disease (CLD) was found to be the commonest lesion (pd”0.05), which was 24 (48%) followed by hepatocellular carcinoma 13(26%) and secondary deposit 02(4%). Eleven cases consist of other findings including normal. CLD commonly presented with loss of appetite (82%), Jaundice (74%), Weight loss (68%), hepatic facies (54%).Hepatocellular carcinoma commonly presented with hepatomegaly (100%), jaundice (61.84%), weight loss (76.92%), and ascites (53.85%). Hepatomegaly was constant feature (100%) of all secondary metastasis. Among two cases of secondary carcinoma one (50%) was adenocarcinoma and another one (50%) was anaplastic type. Out of 29 cases of clinically diagnosed chronic liver disease 24 cases were confirmed histopathologically which was statistically significant (pd”0.05). Conclusion: For the establishment of diagnosis and treatment it is mandatory to have a good correlation between clinical features and histopathological finding. Histopathology could detect diseases which were not considered clinically and specific management could only be done depending on histopathology. Therefore, if there is no contraindication, for confirmation of diagnosis liver biopsy still remains the corner stone modality. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i2.21520 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No.2, October, 2013, Page 120-124

Golgi protein 73(GP73), a useful serum marker in liver diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyi Liu ◽  
Xiaohua Wan ◽  
Zhongwu Li ◽  
Changqing Lin ◽  
Yutao Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Serum Marker ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Golgi Protein

AbstractThis study was performed to quantify the expression of Golgi protein-73 (GP73) in healthy controls and in patients with liver disease, and to evaluate the correlations between GP73 and other serum markers in different liver diseases.Serum GP73 was measured in 478 healthy controls and 296 patients with different types of liver disease. Quantitative hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was determined in two chronic hepatitis B (CHB) groups. Other serum liver fibrosis markers were measured in the liver fibrosis group and α-fetoprotein (AFP) was measured in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) group. The correlations between GP73 and these markers were evaluated.The GP73 value in hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive CHB group, HBeAg-negative CHB group, liver fibrosis group and HCC group was significantly higher (p<0.001) than that in healthy controls. GP73 showed significant correlation with other markers in the liver fibrosis group and with AFP in the HCC group.Compared with healthy controls, GP73 in patients with liver disease was significantly increased. With the progression of liver disease, GP73 showed a significantly increasing trend. These results suggest that GP73 might be used as a serum marker for the diagnosis of liver diseases and for monitoring disease progression.

Multiple forms of gamma-glutamyltransferase: a clinical study.

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
P R Wenham ◽  
D B Horn ◽  
A F Smith
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
High Molecular Mass ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Multiple Forms ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We have measured the amounts of different molecular forms of gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), and alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in serum of patients with different types of liver disease. A high-molecular-mass (greater than 1 000 000 Da) form of gamma-glutamyltransferase and of each of the other enzymes is present in greatest amounts in patients with jaundice from extrahepatic obstruction. A gamma-glutamyltransferase form of intermediate molecular mass (250 000 to 500 000 Da) is present in the serum from most patients with liver disease and can be separated by electrophoresis into several bands. We found that one of these bands predominated in patients with extrahepatic obstructive jaundice, whereas the others predominated in patients with other liver diseases. Electrophoresis of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase may be of clinical value in distinguishing extrahepatic from intrahepatic causes of jaundice.

The miR-21 potential of serving as a biomarker for liver diseases in clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 2295-2305
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Rongxue Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Noninvasive Detection ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Complex Regulatory Network

The role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, together with the possibility of detecting microRNA in the circulation, makes miR-21 a potential biomarker for noninvasive detection. In this review, we summarize the potential utility of extracellular miR-21 in the clinical management of hepatic disease patients and compared it with the current clinical practice. MiR-21 shows screening and prognostic value for liver cancer. In liver cirrhosis, miR-21 may serve as a biomarker for the differentiating diagnosis and prognosis. MiR-21 is also a potential biomarker for the severity of hepatitis. We elucidate the disease condition under which miR-21 testing can reach the expected performance. Though miR-21 is a key regulator of liver diseases, microRNAs coordinate with each other in the complex regulatory network. As a result, the performance of miR-21 is better when combined with other microRNAs or classical biomarkers under certain clinical circumstances.

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