scholarly journals Daytime sleepiness, depression and obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of different sexes as a drug target

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Sorokina ◽  
A. V. Zanozin ◽  
O. V. Zanozina ◽  
T. A. Smirnova ◽  
O. A. Novozhilova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients

Introduction. Patients with type 2 diabetes are more likely to have concomitant depression. In addition, there are some studies that have alluded to a direct relationship between overweight and diabetes and daytime drowsiness.The aim of this study was to study the relationship of metabolic disorders, anthropometric data with daytime sleepiness and depression in patients with type 2 diabetes.Material and methods. A general clinical study consisted in interviewing the patient (complaints, medical history), obtaining physical data (anthropometry) – height (cm), weight (kg), neck circumference (cm), waist circumference (cm), hip circumference (cm). The object of the study was the whole blood and blood plasma of patients in order to determine the level of fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin and other blood biochemical parameters. To verify violations in the emotional-volitional sphere, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used.Results. All patients had visceral obesity, the waist circumference is significantly higher than normal, both in men and women. In accordance with the Epworth drowsiness scale, on average, borderline insomnia was recorded in the examined patients with type 2 diabetes. Drowsiness rate correlated with waist circumference (r = 0,65) and hips (0,67), age (0.34) only in male patients. The level of depression correlated with age in female patients (r = 0.37, p < 0,05) and male (r = 0,6, p < 0,05) and did not correlate with drowsiness in both groups. The level of depression was 16, which corresponds to mild to moderate depression. However, the rate of depression is negligible, but higher among female patients (14.00 [6.00; 18.00] versus 19.00 [10.50; 20.00], p = 0,047).Conclusions. Increased daytime sleepiness and depression accompany patients with type 2 diabetes, regardless of gender. The dependence between the severity of decreased daily activity and increased anthropometric indicators and age can be seen in male patients, which may illustrative of increasing androgen deficiency in men and its contribution to the development of metabolic disorders, including obesity. Depressive states have deeper manifestations in female patients with type 2 diabetes compared to male patients, which may indicate both emotional instability of female patients and a more pronouncedeffect of the disease itself on the psychoemotional background in women.

scholarly journals A First Step towards a Comprehensive Approach to Harmonic Analysis of Synchronous Peripheral Volume Pulses: A Proof-of-Concept Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
Hsien-Tsai Wu ◽  
Bagus Haryadi ◽  
Jian-Jung Chen
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Harmonic Analysis ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Short Period

The harmonic analysis (HA) of arterial radial pulses in humans has been widely investigated in recent years for clinical applications of traditional Chinese medicine. This study aimed at establishing the validity of carrying out HA on synchronous peripheral volume pulses for predicting diabetes-induced subtle changes in heart energy. In this study, 141 subjects (Group 1: 63 healthy elderly subjects; Group 2: 78 diabetic subjects) were enrolled at the same hospital. After routine blood sampling, all synchronous electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) measurements (i.e., at the six locations) were acquired in the morning. HA of synchronous peripheral volume pulses and radial pulse waves was performed and analyzed after a short period of an ensemble averaging process based on the R-wave peak location. This study utilized HA for the peripheral volume pulses and found that the averaged total pulse energy (i.e., the C0 of the DTFS) was identical in the same subject. A logistic regression model with C0 and a waist circumference variable showed a graded association with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The adjusted odds ratio for C0 and the waist circumference were 0.986 (95% confidence interval: 0.977, 0.994) and 1.130 (95% confidence interval: 1.045, 1.222), respectively. C0 also showed significant negative correlations with risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus, including glycosylated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose (r = −0.438, p < 0.001; r = −0.358, p < 0.001, respectively). This study established a new application of harmonic analysis in synchronous peripheral volume pulses for clinical applications. The findings showed that the C0 could be used as a prognostic indicator of a protective factor for predicting type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Study of Drug Prescription Pattern of Obese and Non-Obese Patients with Type-II Diabetes with or without Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Mijala Bajracharya ◽  
S Nakarmi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs

Correction: The page numbers were changed from 98-100 to 81-93 on 31/08/2020. Background: Obesity is regarded as worldwide health problems which may put a person at a higher risk of serious health conditions leading to morbidity and mortality. Obesity is a risk factor for many diseases of which hypertension and type-2 diabetes mellitus are the most important. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity together form 24% of the global risk for mortality. Cardiovascular diseases related to these life-style disorders has major effect on life expectancy and impaired quality of life. Objectives: The study was done to evaluate the drug prescribing pattern of type - 2 diabetes and hypertension in both obese and non-obese patients. Along with it, this study also attempt to find the contributing factors associated with it and different types of drugs selected in those conditions respectively. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2074 at Manmohan memorial teaching hospital. A total of 101 out-patient were interviewed, measurements were done to calculate BMI and waist to hip ratio and their prescriptions were reviewed. For Treatment Guideline of HTN, JNC 8[20] was followed and Updated Treatment Guidelines for Type 2 Diabetes by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) [21] was followed in case of diabetes. Result: Among 101 patients studied, 58 were males and 43 were females. Regarding physical activity, only 26.7% of total patients were involved in morning walk and 3% in yoga, remaining 71% of study patients did not involve in any kind of physical exercise. Regarding food habits, 22.8% were smokers, 49.5% were alcoholics and 96% were non-vegetarians. Waist to hip ratio was also observed higher in both males (35.6%) and females (39.6%). Among the101 total participants, the age group of 41-55 years were found to be more obese than other age group (34 in numbers) followed by age group 56-70 which were 16 in numbers. Male patients were more obese (41) than female patients (31). Highest number (31) of the obese patients were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus, followed by second highest number (26) of patients diagnosed with hypertension and 15 patients with both the conditions. The commonly prescribed oral hypoglycemic drugs were metformin (35.60%) followed by glimepiride (24.80%). Among anti-hypertensive drugs, amlodipine (22.80%) was most common in prescriptions followed by losartan (18.80%) and Telmisartan (17.80%). Conclusion: The results of the present study show that higher number of male patients (41) were obese than female patients (31). About 30% of patients were found obese-diabetic, 26% were obese-hypertensive and 15% were with both obese diabetic and hypertensive condition. Among oral hypoglycemic drugs, metformin (35.60%) was mostly prescribed followed by glimepiride (24.80%). Among antihypertensives, amlodipine (22.8%) was mostly prescribed followed by losartan (18.80%). Atorvastatin (11.9%) was mostly prescribed oral hypolipidemic agent.

scholarly journals The insulin resistance indices: necessity and opportunities in type 2 diabetes mellitus management

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Sorokina ◽  
O. V. Zanozina ◽  
A. D. Postnikova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity

The article provides a review of the literature on the possibilities of using various indices of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) treatment. The main mechanisms of insulin resistance and its role in the formation of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic disorders are described. The main indices of insulin resistance, used in real clinical practice nowadays, are considered. Methods of their calculation are given. The effect of metformin and incretin active medications on insulin resistance is described. It was shown that the combination of these medications improves tissue sensitivity to insulin in patients with T2DM. Standard indicators for assessing glycemic control, such as fasting glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), do not reflect the patient’s lipid metabolism. The use of insulin resistance assessment indices in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus allows both, exercising glycemic control, and the metabolic disorders, often associated with carbohydrate metabolism disorders, monitoring. Using insulin resistance indices, it is possible to select the optimal treatment regimen for type 2 diabetes mellitus for a particular patient, to predict and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in dynamics. Simple, generally available laboratory indicators and anthropometric data are used to calculate the indices of insulin resistance, and they are easy to measure. In this regard, the use of insulin resistance indices is possible in routine clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Effect of Sodium Channel Blocker, Mexiletine, on Body Weight in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Visceral Obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117955141882504
Author(s):  
Naohiko Ueno
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Objective: Mexiletine is an anti-arrhythmic agent also used for the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy. In this study, the effect of mexiletine on body weight was evaluated in type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic neuropathy exhibiting visceral obesity. Methods: Type 2 diabetes patients with neuropathy exhibiting visceral obesity (n = 21) treated by mexiletine (300 mg/day) and a control group of type 2 diabetes patients with the same condition who received vitamin B12 (n = 12) were retrospectively evaluated. Body weight, waist circumference, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), blood pressure, liver function, serum lipids, and serum uric acid were assessed before and 6 months after the treatment. Results: Mexiletine significantly decreased body weight and waist circumference. The changes in body weight and waist circumference in 6 months in the mexiletine group were greater than in the control group. In metabolic parameters, there were significant decreases in triglyceride (TG) and serum uric acid. There were positive relationships between the change in body weight and the changes in TG, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HbA1c. Conclusions: Mexiletine may affect body weight regulation. It ameliorated the metabolic parameters possibly by decreasing visceral fat. Further study should be performed to clarify the mechanism of the effect.

scholarly journals Association between Sex Hormone and Blood Uric Acid in Male Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Cao ◽  
Ren-Dong Zheng ◽  
Shu-Hang Xu ◽  
Yao-Fu Fan ◽  
Hong-Ping Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Gonadal Dysfunction ◽  
Male Patients

The association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and sexual dysfunction in patients with diabetes is not well characterized. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) causes metabolic disorders, including abnormal serum uric acid (SUA) levels. In this study, we enrolled 205 male patients with T2DM and investigated the relationship between sex hormone levels and SUA. Patients were divided into four groups based on SUA quartiles. On the other hand, based on the total testosterone (TT) level, patients were divided into three groups; SUA and other laboratory indices were determined. Increase in SUA level was significantly associated with decreased levels of TT, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and increased levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin, serum creatinine, and HOMA-IR levels. SUA, waist circumference, BMI, and HOMA-IR showed a negative correlation with TT level, while age showed a positive correlation with TT level. SUA and body mass index were found to be risk factors for gonadal dysfunction. Therefore, we conclude that hypogonadism of male patients with T2DM is related to SUA level.

scholarly journals Male Patients with Longstanding Type 2 Diabetes Have a Higher Incidence of Hypoglycemia Compared with Female Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1969-1977
Author(s):  
Feng-fei Li ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Wen-li Zhang ◽  
Xiao-mei Liu ◽  
Mao-yuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Male Patients

scholarly journals Optimal Waist Circumference Cutoff Value Based on Insulin Resistance and Visceral Obesity in Koreans with Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Soo Lim ◽  
Young Ju Choi ◽  
Soo-Kyung Kim ◽  
Byoung Wook Huh ◽  
Eun Jig Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Cutoff Value

Association Between Lipid Accumulation Product and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-374
Author(s):  
Zi-Wei Yu ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yu-Hong Fu ◽  
Xin-Yuan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Lipid Accumulation Product ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Normal Cognition

Background: Diabetes may increase the risk of conversion of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia. Lipid accumulation product (LAP), an index of visceral obesity, has been shown to be a powerful predictor of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between LAP and MCI in T2D. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between the LAP index and MCI in patients with T2D. Methods: In total, 220 hospitalized patients with T2D, including 113 MCI patients and 107 patients with normal cognition, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. We collected demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data on each subject. The LAP index was calculated according to the following formulas: [waist circumference (WC) (cm) – 65]×triglyceride (TG) (mmol/L) for males and [WC (cm) – 58] ×TG (mmol/L) for females. Results: Compared with patients with normal cognition, MCI patients were older and had a higher LAP index, WC, body mass index, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c level, as well as a lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment score and education level (p < 0.05). After adjusting for confounding factors, LAP index was associated with MCI (OR = 1.047, 95% CI = 1.031–1.063, p < 0.01). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the LAP index was higher than that for WC and BMI. Conclusion: A high LAP index is associated with an increased risk of MCI in T2D patients. The LAP index appears to be a good indicator of risk of MCI in patients with T2D.

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