Efficiency of vaginal electrical impedance to determine the stage of the reproductive cycle in bitches

A study was carried out to compare the efficiency of vaginal electrical impedance with serum progesterone profile, cytological examination and clinical findings. Vaginal electrical impedance values varied at the different stages of the estrous cycle, with the highest value during the transition into estrous and the lowest in diestrus (P< 0.05). There was a negative statistical correlation between serum progesterone values and the impedance values (36%) (P< 0.001). Vaginal electrical impedance was a faster and cheaper method than progesterone assessment. It was more reliable than vaginal cytology and clinical evaluation. In conclusion, a combination of vaginal electrical impedance measurements and progesterone evaluation was a more useful method for determination of the optimal breeding time in bitches..

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Exfoliative Vaginal Cytology and Serum Progesterone during the Estrous Cycle of Indigenous Ewes in Bangladesh

Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology ◽

10.12750/jet.2014.29.2.188 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 183-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Begum Fatema Zohara ◽

Azizunnesa ◽

Md. Faruk Islam ◽

Md. Golam Shahi Alam ◽

Farida Yeasmin Bari

Keyword(s):

Estrous Cycle ◽

Serum Progesterone ◽

Vaginal Cytology

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Monitoring vaginal electrical impedance in crossbred cows during post-partum period

Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research ◽

10.3329/ajmbr.v3i2.33573 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 221-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Subrota Malakar ◽

Nasrin Sultana Juyena ◽

Sattwikesh Paul ◽

Mohammad Mahmudul Hasan ◽

Jayonta Bhattacharjee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Estrous Cycle ◽

Early Pregnancy ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Electrical Resistance ◽

Cycle Length ◽

Electrical Impedance ◽

Post Partum ◽

Dairy Farms ◽

Marked Variation ◽

Impedance Measurements

Efficient and accurate detection of estrus and correct time of artificial insemination are essential for sustainable dairy farms. Therefore, this study was carried out to monitor oestrus by observing vaginal electrical impedance (VEI) in post-partum cows. Eighteen cows with 19-139 post-partum days were included for this study. Daily VEI values were measured with heat detector®. Lower vaginal electrical resistance (VER) values were recorded during oestrus. VER of 210-240 ? might be indicative for oestrus in cows. The day difference between two successive lower values or higher values in VER waves ranged from 18 to 22 days in cows which might indicates the oestrous cycle length. Marked variation existed between VER values of two successive peaks in pregnant and non-pregnant cows, and increased (P < 0.05) VER values were observed in 2nd peak in pregnant cows. VER of 320-370 ? at 19-22 days after AI could be considered for early pregnancy. The study suggests that the measurement of vaginal impedance could serve as an indicator of the oestrus in cows and daily impedance measurements are necessary to confirm the stages of the estrous cycle, correct time of AI and early pregnancy.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 221-225

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Determination of upper arm muscle and fat areas using electrical impedance measurements

Clinical Physics and Physiological Measurement ◽

10.1088/0143-0815/9/1/004 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 47-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

B H Brown ◽

T Karatzas ◽

R Nakielny ◽

R G Clarke

Keyword(s):

Electrical Impedance ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Impedance Measurements

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Disorders of reproductive function in female dogs and methods of diagnostic

Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.15421/nvlvet8376 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (83) ◽

pp. 385-395

Author(s):

T.V. Holumbiovska ◽

V.Y. Stefanyk

Keyword(s):

Estrous Cycle ◽

Ultrasound Examination ◽

Reproductive Function ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Significant Development ◽

Gynecological Examination ◽

Brucella Canis ◽

Vaginal Secretions ◽

Vaginal Cytology

In recent years, small animals veterinary medicine in Ukraine has undergone significant development and change. The increase of issue of breeding, obtain healthy offspring leads to magnificatition disorders of reproduction function in dogs. Therefore, the development of modern methods for diagnosis of reproductive system diseases and correction of reproductive function in dogs is important. Infertility is a temporary or prolonged loss of reproductive capacity by the female dogs as a result of various factors inborn or acquired in the process of life. Disorders of reproduction function caused by different etiologic factors. The main reasons can be conventionally divided into problems associated with dogs, infertility in females (disorders of estrous cycle) and infertility with physiological estrous cycle. The infertility includes disorders that are characterized by absence of estrous and prolonged proestrous / estrus and decreasing period between estrous. Other causes disorders of reproduction function are: incorrect insemination, stress, disease of uterus, disease of ovaries, infectional disease (Brucella canis, Herpes virus canis, other infectional disease), idiopathic infertility. Gynecological examination in female dogs aimed to identifying the causes of infertility should be carried out according to the established scheme, which includes the collection of anamnesis, examination, and laboratory studies. The main methods of research to determine the causes of infertility are: vaginal secretions, vaginoscopy, vaginal cytology, microbiological studies, radiography, hysteroscopy, hysterography, ultrasound examination of the uterus determination of the concentration of sex hormones in the blood.

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On-chip determination of spermatozoa concentration using electrical impedance measurements

Lab on a Chip ◽

10.1039/b923970g ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Loes I. Segerink ◽

Ad J. Sprenkels ◽

Paul M. ter Braak ◽

Istvan Vermes ◽

Albert van den Berg

Keyword(s):

Electrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Measurements ◽

On Chip

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Using Vaginal Impedance Measurement to Identify Proestrus in Rats Given Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone (LHRH) Agonist

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science ◽

10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000112 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 282-287

Author(s):

Kari L Chesney ◽

Caroline Chang ◽

Elizabeth C Bryda

Keyword(s):

Luteinizing Hormone ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

False Positive ◽

False Negative ◽

Impedance Measurement ◽

Female Rats ◽

Impedance Measurements ◽

Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Vaginal Cytology

Vaginal cytology is the most common method of monitoring the estrous cycle in rats; however, this test requires specific technical training and can be subject to interpretation. Vaginal impedance offers a quicker and less technically challenging alternative and has been used successfully to identify estrus in normally cycling breeder rats. We hypothesize that vaginal impedance can also be used to stage the estrous cycle in rats that have been given luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) for timed mating. Vaginal impedance measurements and vaginal cytology were performed in LHRH-primed female rats (n = 36) at the expected peak of proestrus and paired with proven stud males. Breeding success was determined by gross necropsy to detect embryo implantation sites in the female rats. We found that the predictive rates of vaginal cytology and impedance measurement for proestrus were similar; however, both methods resulted in high proportions of false positive and false negative determinations (28% and 31%, respectively). We further hypothesized that females respond to LHRH at variable rates, resulting in variable times of peak proestrus. To test this, vaginal impedance measurements were performed multiple times throughout the expected day of proestrus in LHRH-primed female rats (n = 36). Females were either paired with a male 24 h after reaching the proestrus threshold (n = 18) or paired according to our standard protocol at 1300 h on the day after the expected proestrus (n = 18). Sequential measurements reduced false positive and negative rates (14% and 8%, respectively). Pregnancy rates did not differ based on the time of pairing during expected estrus. Overall, we determined vaginal impedance can be more successful than vaginal cytology at identifying proestrus in the rat, but only if multiple measurements are taken.

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ACCURACY AND PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF VULVAR STAMP SMEAR FOR ESTROUS CYCLE EVALUATION IN DOGS

Taiwan Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1142/s1682648520500080 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 46 (02n03) ◽

pp. 95-99

Author(s):

I-Li Liu ◽

Chih-Ho Lee ◽

Pei-Chi Shih ◽

Shang-Lin Wang

Keyword(s):

Estrous Cycle ◽

Patient Acceptance ◽

Cell Type ◽

Sample Collection ◽

Cotton Swab ◽

Agreement Rate ◽

Predominant Cell Type ◽

Vaginal Cytology ◽

Intermediate Cells

Vaginal cytology can facilitate determination of the estrous stage in dogs. Although some studies recommended the vaginal cotton swab smear (VCSS) method for sample collection, some veterinarians prefer the vulvar stamp smear (VSS) method for its convenience and to avoid causing trauma or introducing pathogens from the posterior vagina to the anterior vagina. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study has compared the results obtained using VCSS and VSS. In this study, the two methods were used to collect samples from 81 dogs. All slides were blindly examined by three veterinarians. Cells were classified into parabasal cells, intermediate cells, superficial cells, and anuclear cells according to cell outline and nuclear appearance. The predominant cell type was identified and recorded. The agreement rate between the methods for the four types was 90.9%, 86.9%, 62.1%, and 23.3%, respectively. Overall, agreement rate was 65.0%. The agreement for the intermediate and anuclear cells was significantly higher and lower than the expected, respectively ([Formula: see text] for both). The VSS method was reported by the owner to be significantly more accepted than the VCSS method ([Formula: see text]). In conclusion, significant differences in anuclear cell identification between the methods were observed. Therefore, VSS results, particularly those for anuclear cells, should be cautiously interpreted.

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Comparison of standardised lymphoscintigraphic function test and high resolution sonography of the lymphoedema of legs

Phlebologie ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1622238 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 37 (05) ◽

pp. 247-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

V. S. Brauer ◽

W. J. Brauer

Keyword(s):

Lower Leg ◽

Clinical Findings ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Fatty Tissue ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

Function Test ◽

Unreliable Method ◽

Negative Conclusion ◽

Fine Disperse

SummaryPurpose: Comparison of qualitative and quantitative sonography with the lymphoscintigraphic function test and clinical findings in legs. Patients, methods: In 33 patients a lymphoscintigraphic function test of legs combined with measurement of lymph node uptake was performed and subsequently compared with sonography. Sonographic criteria were: Thickness of cutis, thickness of subcutanean fatty tissue and presence of liquid structures or fine disperse tissue structure of lower limbs, foots and toes. Results: In 51 legs uptake values lie in the pathologic area, in four legs in the grey area and in ten legs in the normal area. The cutis thickness in the lower leg shows no significant correlation with the uptake. The determination of the thickness of the subcutanean fatty tissue of the lower leg and of the cutis thickness of the feet turned out to be an unreliable method. In 47% of the medial lower legs and in 57% of the lateral lower legs with clinical lymphoedema sonography is falsely negative. Conclusion: Early lymphoedema is only detectable with the lymphoscintigraphic function test. In the case of clinical lymphoedema clinical examination is more reliable than sonography.

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