scholarly journals Understanding phenomena of criminality: from dogmatic views to scientific theories

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
O. V. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Unacceptable Behavior ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
Social Causes

Criminality accompanies humanity for millennia. Despite the fact that this phenomenon has received much attention from researchers of different times and countries, its joint understanding is still missing. Taking into account the previous experience of cognition of this phenomenon, of course, should be the key to effective preventive action in current conditions. The purpose of the paper is to explore the main approaches in understanding criminality from prehistoric times to the present. It is claimed that historically the first awareness of mankind of socially dangerous behavior occurred during the reign of the primary tribal communities. People’s knowledge of the world around them was minimal at that time, and explanation of incomprehensible and undesirable was based only on the authority of tribal leaders and respect for social traditions. Given the actual lack of scientific and methodological basis as such, this format of views on violations of social norms can be described as a dogmatic approach. Religions have in their arsenal views on unacceptable behavior based on the authority of the Creator. At the same time, in the theological approach there is a variety of interpretations of the causes and essence of forbidden behavior – from purely fatalistic views to the recognition of human free will in the commission of encroachments. Examples in this regard are the Laws of Manu, the Old Testament. Genesis”, Books by J. Sprenger and G. Institoris “The Hammer of Witches”, “The Sum of Theology” by Thomas Aquinas,“Confession” by Augustine Aurelius and others. The scientific approach is characterized by the use of scientific methods of cognition in substantiating theories of criminality. The variety of views here includes theories of social causes, anthropological theories, theories of multiplicity of factors, and others. According to the anthropological direction, the essence of criminality was associated with the manifestation of biological (anthropological) properties of a human (genetic features, endocrine system, mental state, etc.). Sociological direction asserts the influence of social factors as factors in the formation of criminality (internal contradictions, class conflict, social exclusion, stigmatization, etc.). In this regard, there are theories that, along with the circumstances of social content as factors of crime outline also biological (anthropological). It is concluded that in the future understanding of the phenomenon of crime should take place on the basis of a scientific approach

scholarly journals Creation and covenant in a via media position: The example of J.J.P. Valeton Jr

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Becking
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Critical Scholarship ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Genesis 1

The year 2012 marked the centenary of the death of the Utrecht Old Testament scholar J.J.P. Valeton Jr (1848–1912). He was a representative of the ‘via media’ approach of Dutch theology, which aimed at joining critical scholarship and piety, by avoiding the pitfalls of modernism as well as orthodoxy. Valeton accepted the critical analysis of Graf, Kuenen, and Wellhausen, but meanwhile remained a pious person. This article will discuss Valeton’s contributions to critical scholarship of Genesis 1–3 as well as his profound ideas on ‘covenant’ as an expression of ‘friendship’. Loader’s distinction between ‘knowledge open to faith’ and ‘knowledge open for scientific approach’ is very helpful in understanding the works and ideas of Valeton.

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN METODOLOGIS A. MUKTI ALI TENTANG PENELITIAN AGAMA

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmadi Rahmadi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Basic Concept ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Integral Assessment

In Indonesia, it will be said that A.Mukti Ali is a pioneer in introducing religious studies. A.Mukti Ali realized thatreligious studies did not only need the scientific methods but they must also integrate with social approaches. He thoughtreligious studies should be conducted objectively without involving the apologists-polemical element as a basic concept. Infact, the use of the scientific method, social sciences, and objective attitude do not be certainly enough to understandreligious phenomenon, despite religious reflection must be involved and researchers must give their views too. All componentsmust be synthesized in order to produce a holistic and integral assessment of religious phenomenon. The integratedcomponents that needed in studying religious phenomenon is what be called by Mukti Ali as a scientific approach-cumdoctrinaire.This writing will discussed about A.Mukti Alis thoughts in the field of religious studies.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of gender-oriented research

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziza Zoirova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Oriented Research

This article analyzes the research conducted by world scientists in the field of gender, identifying the relevance and necessity of the issues raised in them through scientific methods. In particular, scholars have studied the gender phenomenon, gender parameters, as well as the semantic grouping and gynocritical analysis generated through the gender component. A scientific approach to this work has been expressed. In the analysis of the research, it is substantiated by the fact that the issues in this area in Uzbek translation studies are not sufficiently studied.

Female hormone metabolism

2018 ◽  
pp. 204-237
Author(s):  
Helen E. Turner ◽  
Richard Eastell ◽  
Ashley Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Genetic Features ◽  
And Function ◽  
Female Specific

This chapter discusses the female-specific endocrine system anatomy and function. It discusses reproductive physiology in terms of follicles and associated hormones, such as oestradiol and progesterone. The chapter investigates biochemical processes related to female endocrinology as well as singular genetic features, such as a karyotype for premature ovarian insufficiency and fragile X syndrome. It also describes female-specific endocrine disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, androgen secreting tumours, primary ovarian failure, and Turner syndrome, defining the disorders as well as outlining disorder prevalence, symptoms, biochemistry, and management. It relates endocrinology to menstrual function, documenting clinical features of menstrual disorders as one approaches menopause and suggesting treatments such as hormone replacement therapy (commonly abbreviated as HRT) and alternative methods.

Turning Javanese: The Domination of Cuba's Sugar Industry by Java Cane Varieties

Itinerario ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ulbe Bosma ◽  
Jonathan Curry-Machado
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Cane Sugar ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Commercial Networks ◽  
Sphere Of Influence ◽  
Relative Scarcity

By the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth, two islands had come to dominate global cane-sugar production. For most of the sixty-year period between 1870 and 1930, around half of the world's internationally traded crop came from Cuba and Java. The two islands had many topographical similarities that made them particularly well suited to the establishment of sugar plantations: both are relatively large islands with fertile soils and semi-tropical climate. They were also situated in regions that had been drawn into the European sphere of influence in the sixteenth century but that had only been lightly exploited before the nineteenth, when they were both well placed to assume leading roles in the satisfaction of the escalating demand for sugar in the industrialising societies of Europe and North America.However, Cuba and Java existed within two very distinct sets of imperial and commercial networks: Spanish and Atlantic, and Dutch and Indian Ocean respectively. As a result of this, while there have been a plethora of studies about cane agriculture and the sugar industry in each of the islands, there has been little effort to compare their histories or explore the interconnections between them. Only recently has a start been made to study systematically the “convergence and divergence” of the sugar industry in the two hemispheres and to compare the differences and similarities to be found in the paths followed by the two islands.Although the sugar industries of Cuba and Java took different directions, these were inextricably linked. While Cuban planters could exploit the availability of large areas of underused land to overcome the relative scarcity of labour, planters in Java took advantage of the relative abundance of labour to maximise yields from the more limited land available to them. As a consequence of this, Javanese planters influenced by the work of Cuban agronomist Álvaro Reynoso paid considerable attention to the development of scientific methods in cane cultivation. Meanwhile, Reynoso's ideas fell on deaf ears in his home island, where most planters ignored the need for a more scientific approach in the fields in favour of technological advances in the sugar factory and what they saw as their immediate commercial interests.

scholarly journals The Conceptual Principles for Ensuring the Financial Security of Joint Stock Companies in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 162-172
Author(s):  
N. N. Poyda-Nosyk ◽  
◽  
R. Y. Bacho ◽  
G. F. Pataki ◽  
V. K. Makarovych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
General Scientific

The article is aimed at defining the conceptual principles for the development of a system for ensuring the financial security of joint stock companies (JSC) in Ukraine, which will contribute to increasing the level of capitalization and security of both listing companies and the stock market as a whole. The theoretical and methodological basis are fundamental provisions of both economic and institutional theory, security theory, system analysis using such general scientific methods of cognition of economic phenomena and processes as theoretical generalization, synthesis, induction, and deduction. The article substantiates the theoretical and methodological bases for the development of conceptual principles of the system of ensuring the financial security of joint stock companies in Ukraine. In order to research the implementation of the State’s approaches to ensuring the national financial security and the capital markets development, strategic documents in Ukraine were analyzed and an inconsistency between target indicators and formulations of strategic goals were determined. A complex of hypotheses is formed and proved, approaches and principles of the conception of forming a system for ensuring the financial security of joint stock companies are substantiated, taking into account the peculiarities of the State regulation of the financial security sphere. The developed conception is based on a new scientific approach to searching ways to improve the financial security system of joint stock companies in Ukraine. It can be concluded that implementation of the proposed conceptual bases will allow the achievement of the expected results, strengthen the financial security of JSC, make them more resistant against system crises, and create a stable basis for their long-term development.

Community Perspectives on Social Influences on Suicide Within a Native American Reservation

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110456
Author(s):  
Mary Cwik ◽  
S. Benjamin Doty ◽  
Alexandra Hinton ◽  
Novalene Goklish ◽  
Jerreed Ivanich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Influences ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Disproportionate Burden ◽  
Related Mortality

Relative to the general population, Native Americans (NA) bear a disproportionate burden of suicide-related mortality rates. NA males and females aged 15 to 24 years experience suicide rates nearly 3 times than the U.S. all races rates in this age group. Although efforts have been made to understand and reduce suicide in tribal communities, a large portion has focused on individual characteristics with less attention given to social factors that may also inform suicide. This article aims to build on a local conceptual model of NA youth suicide by examining additional potential social factors through qualitative interviews. Findings from the thematic analysis resulted in the identification of seven perceived social influences: contagion, violence and abuse, discrimination and bullying, negative expectations, spirituality, social support, and cultural strengths. Public health approaches to reduce suicide should consider local social factors that resonate with tribal communities to build resilience.

scholarly journals A case of the evil eye in Genesis 16:4-5: A social-scientific perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zacharias Kotze
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Biblical Literature ◽  
Evil Eye ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
And Function

The nature and function of Evil Eye Belief and Practice (EEBP) in the world of the Old Testament has been understudied. The majority view has been that the belief was limited to the notion of largesse in this collection of literature. This article demonstrated that the idiom  םינעב  ללק in Genesis 16:4-5, routinely interpreted as a metaphor for scorn on the part of Hagar, could in fact be interpreted as a linguistic vehicle for the concept of the malevolent eye of Sarai. The author argued for an interpretation wherein Sarai, driven by envy, accused Hagar of casting the evil eye on her and used this alleged transgression as an excuse to abuse her slave. The evil eye in the Old Testament was not restricted to the idea of generosity, but was also closely associated with the concept of envy, as has been the case in the majority of ancient and modern cultures in which EEPB has featured. It further confirmed that the social function of the evil eye in the ancient world was not only constrained to the avoidance of envy-related violence but also served as an instrument of oppression in the hands of the rich and privileged. The key method utilised in this study was the social-scientific approach to the interpretation of biblical literature.

scholarly journals Some Problems of Application by Arbitration Court of Simplified Procedures in a Bankruptcy Case

Legal Concept ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Functional Results ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Deductive Method ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Bankruptcy Procedure ◽  
Simplified Procedures ◽  
Simplified Procedure

Introduction: the paper investigates the existing problems of the simplified procedure of bankruptcy of absentee debtors and those in liquidation. The parties of the simplified bankruptcy procedure are analyzed, as well as the consequences of the exclusion of persons participating in corporate relations from the USRLE are revealed. The purpose of the study is to systematically analyze the problems of the current legislation on bankruptcy in the framework of a simplified bankruptcy procedure. Methods: the methodology of this article is based on the general scientific approach of positivist materialism. The general scientific methods of cognition are applied: analysis, synthesis, the hypothetical-deductive method, induction; as well as specific scientific methods: legal-dogmatic, systemic, structural-functional. Results: it is proved that at present the legislation is not sufficiently regulated: legal acts do not take into account all the specifics and features of the simplified bankruptcy procedure. The existing methods of solving the problems provided by the law are not always effective; a particular difficulty arises when the debtor is a participant of corporate legal relations. Based on the experience of the arbitration law enforcement, it is proved that the persons controlling the debtor have the possibility of abuse of their right. Conclusions: the legal institution under consideration needs to be permanently improved taking into account the emerging uniformity of the judicial application of the bankruptcy rules. In the absence of institutional innovations in the field of bankruptcy in Russia it is impossible to create a competitive market environment, and moreover, it is impossible to improve the investment climate.

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