Parenting stress, social support, self-compassion, and parenting practices among mothers of children with ASD and ADHD

This study aimed to analyze the differences in parenting stress, perceptions of social support, self-compassion, and parenting practices between mothers of children with ASD and children with ADHD. Using the parental stress scale, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support, self-compassion scale, and parent construct, this study also aimed to analyze how the observed variables predicted the parenting practices among mothers of children with ASD and mothers of children with ADHD. An online survey was completed voluntarily by 34 mothers of children with ASD and 31 mothers of children with ADHD. MANOVA and regression analyses were conducted to support the hypothesis of the study. Results showed no significant difference in parenting stress, social supports, self-compassion, and parenting practices between the two groups. Parenting stress was revealed as a predictor for negative parenting practices among both groups. This research provides a picture of parenting practice among parents of children with ASD and ADHD in Indonesia, contributing to filling the gap concerning the limited available research in this field.

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Relationship between the Maternal Social Support Index and the Parenting Stress Index in Mothers of Very-Low-Birthweight Children Now Age 7

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.173 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 173-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Anita M. Farel ◽

Stephen R. Hooper

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Parenting Stress ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Low Birthweight ◽

Stress Index ◽

Very Low Birthweight ◽

Parenting Stress Index ◽

Two Measures ◽

Maternal Social Support ◽

The Relationship

Two measures, the Maternal Social Support Index and the Parenting Stress Index were used to assess parents' stress and social support among mothers of 7-yr.-old children born at very low birthweight. The MSSI Total scores did not significantly correlate with the PSI Total Child, Total Parent, or Total Stress Indices, although they were significant, but modestly correlated with scores on the Parent subscale of Social Isolation. The relationship between parental stress and maternal social support requires continued investigation.

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Evaluating the knowledge, attitudes and practices of adults on food safety: a cross-sectional sample from Turkey

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-09-2021-0268 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Pınar Göbel ◽

Nevin Şanlier ◽

Sine Yilmaz ◽

Onur Toka ◽

Büşra Açikalin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Online Survey ◽

The Body ◽

University Graduates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Attitudes And Practices ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the levels of food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of consumer. Design/methodology/approach In total, 1,161 volunteers were included in this study, which has been developed to measure the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of adults on food safety. Study data were collected through an online survey technique. Findings A statistically significant difference was determined between male and female participants and also at the education level considering total food safety attitude and practice scores (p < 0,001). It was determined that university graduates had higher scores at all scales than the median scores. When an assessment was made on the body mass index of the participants, it was seen that the implementation and attitude scales were statistically different from each other, and in paired comparisons on these scales, the average scores of normal-weight individuals were observed higher in the sub-dimensions than slightly obese individuals (p < 0.007; p < 0.001). Research limitations/implications Even though the population of the study was adults living in different cities, the results should not be generalized to all adults and the whole country. Also, the fact that the answers to the questions were not face-to-face, could create a bias. Although the reliability coefficient was found to be high, the data reported by the individuals participating in the study about their behavior formed the study results. Originality/value This study makes an important contribution to the literature. Determining the knowledge, attitude and behavior of consumers about food safety is important in ensuring food safety.

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Hope and Self-Compassion to Alleviate Parenting Stress in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic

The Family Journal ◽

10.1177/10664807211040836 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106648072110408

Author(s):

Aileen S. Garcia ◽

Staci L. Born ◽

Christin L. Carotta ◽

Erin S. Lavender-Stott ◽

Hung-Ling (Stella) Liu

Keyword(s):

Parenting Stress ◽

Online Survey ◽

The United States ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychological Resources ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Serious Disease

As the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted all aspects of life, parents have been subjected to more household and caregiving responsibilities and stressors. The purpose of this study is to investigate how hope, self-compassion, and perception of COVID-19 health risks influence parenting stress. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 362 parents living in the United States completed an online survey in July 2020. Multiple regression analyses revealed that higher levels of hope are related to lower levels of parenting stress. On the other hand, lower levels of self-compassion as indicated by higher scores on the subscales of isolation, self-judgment, and overidentification are related to higher levels of parenting stress. Further, testing positive for the coronavirus is positively related to parenting stress, whereas the belief that COVID-19 is a serious disease is negatively related to parenting stress. Findings also revealed the significant role of hope in moderating the relation between self-compassion and parenting stress. This study highlights the importance of nurturing and drawing from one’s own psychological resources to mitigate parenting stress, particularly in the context of a chronic source of stress like a pandemic. Implications for the counseling profession are discussed.

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Collateral Damage: A Mixed Methods Study to Investigate the Use and Withdrawal of Antidepressants Within a Naturalistic Population

10.26686/wgtn.16984594.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Susan Thrasher

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Online Survey ◽

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Well Being ◽

Antidepressant Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Emotional Symptoms ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Antidepressant Use

<p>The use of modern antidepressants has flourished over the past few decades with the modern attribution of affective disorders such as depression to biomedical causation. However, recent re-examination of clinical trials has raised questions regarding antidepressant drug efficacy, and issues around side effects and dependency are prevalent. In spite of this, as many as 10% of us may be taking these medications (Szabo, 2009). This study examines responses to an anonymous online survey about antidepressant use and withdrawal. Participants included 176 current users, 181 currently withdrawing, 108 ex-users, and a control group of 44 participants who had never used antidepressants. Participant groups were compared quantitatively regarding attitude towards antidepressants use and perceived value, effect on well-being and mood, symptoms and side effects, and their perceived changes in themselves on and off the drugs. Participants were also given the opportunity to include spontaneous comments at the end of the survey which were analysed thematically. Key findings include: 1) Antidepressant users have a more positive estimation of the value of the drugs than those who have discontinued the drugs or who have never used them; 2) Scores on the WHO-5 well-being survey for all three groups with antidepressant experience (users, those withdrawing, and ex-users) showed poor levels of wellbeing, suggesting that neither antidepressant therapy nor cessation of antidepressant therapy were adequate interventions to create positive well-being; 3) Multivariate analysis of participant responses revealed a significant difference between the four groups on 35 of 37 physical and emotional symptoms associated with antidepressant use or withdrawal, with the never-used group scored the lowest in all cases except one, and the withdrawing group scoring the highest for 27 of the symptoms; 4) Concern over antidepressant dependency and withdrawal was the most prevalent topic reported by all user groups in spontaneous comments; other key themes included frustration with side effects and lack of information and support from the medical profession; 5) study results suggest that antidepressant withdrawal may take longer and be more challenging than the assumed "mild", "self-limiting" and "resolving spontaneously…three weeks after onset" (Haddad & Anderson, 2007); and 6) 30% of ex-users spontaneously reported what they believed were adverse drug reactions, or withdrawal reactions, months or years after antidepressant use had ceased, a long-term iatrogenic disablement that has yet to be addressed in the literature. Overall, the study reveals that antidepressants are not an adequate intervention to create positive well-being in patients and their use comes with a substantial risk of unpleasant side effects, dependency, and the potential for residual post-drug health complications.</p>

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Who suffered most? Parental stress and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

Journal of Family Research ◽

10.20377/jfr-704 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jianghong Li ◽

Mareike Bünning ◽

Till Kaiser ◽

Lena Hipp

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Parenting Stress ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Online Survey ◽

Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽

Psychological Wellbeing ◽

Third Wave ◽

Private Households ◽

Dramatic Shift ◽

Study Participants

Objective: This study examines gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parental psychological wellbeing (parenting stress and psychological distress) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Background: The dramatic shift of childcare and schooling responsibility from formal institutions to private households during the pandemic has put families under enormous stress and raised concerns about caregivers' health and wellbeing. Despite the overwhelming media attention to families’ wellbeing, to date limited research has examined parenting stress and parental psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in Germany. Method: We analyzed four waves of panel data (N= 1,771) from an opt-in online survey, which was conducted between March 2020 and April 2021. Multivariable OLS regressions were used to estimate variations in the pandemic's effects on parenting stress and psychological distress by various demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Results: Overall, levels of parenting stress and psychological distress increased during the pandemic. During the first and third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, mothers, parents with children younger than 11 years, parents with two or more children, parents working from home as well as parents with financial insecurity experienced higher parenting stress than other sociodemographic groups. Moreover, women, respondents with lower incomes, single parents, and parents with younger children experienced higher levels of psychological distress than other groups. Conclusion: Gender and socioeconomic inequalities in parents' psychological wellbeing increased among the study participants during the pandemic.

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SELF-COMPASSIONDAN STRES PENGASUHAN IBU YANG MEMILIKI ANAK DENGAN HAMBATAN KOGNITIF

Jurnal Ecopsy ◽

10.20527/ecopsy.v4i1.3415 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

IKA FEBRIAN KRISTIANA

Keyword(s):

Parenting Stress ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Common Humanity ◽

Stress Scale ◽

Self Compassion ◽

Maternal Parenting Stress ◽

Primary School Age ◽

The Relationship ◽

Compassion Scale

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris hubungan antara self compassion dengan stress pengasuhan pada ibu yang memiliki anak dengan hambatan kognitif. Self compassion atau mengasihi diri yang terdiri dari aspek self kindness, common humanity dan mindfulnessmenjadi modal bagi seseorang untuk mengatasi emosi negatif sehingga dapat melahirkan upaya yang positif dalam menghadapi stresor termasuk dalam stresor dalam pengasuhan terhadap anak yang memiliki hambatan kognitif. Hipotesis yang diajukan adalah terdapat hubungan negatif antara self compassion dengan stres pengasuhan pada ibu yang memiliki anak dengan hambatan kognitif. Sebanyak 65 ibu dengan anak hambatan kognitif usia sekolah dasar (SD) dipilih secara simpel random di SLB X. Skala self compassion (26 item, α = .89) dan skala stress pengasuhan ibu (35 item, α = .92) digunakan sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan r = -.503(p< .05), yang berarti bahwa terdapat hubungan antara self compassion dengan stres pengasuhan ibu. Self compassion memberikan sumbangan efektif sebesar 25.3% terhadap stress pengasuhan ibu, sedangkan 74.7% dipengaruhi oleh variabel selain self compassion yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini. Kata kunci: Self Compassion, Stres Pengasuhan, Hambatan Kognitif ABSTRACT This study aims to test empirically the relationship between self-compassion with parenting stress in mothers of children with intellectual/ cogniitive disability (ID). Self compassion consistingthree aspects there are self-kindness, common humanity and mindfulness become a capital for a person to overcome negative emotions that can generate positive efforts in facingparental stressor especially parental for children with ID. The hypothesis was negative relationship between self-compassion and parenting stress in mothers of children with ID. A sixty-five (65) mothers with ID’s children of primary school age in Special school (SLB) X were selected by simple random. self-compassion scale (26 items, α = .89) and maternal parenting stress scale (35 items, α = .92) were used as an instrument for collecting data. The result showed R value = -.503 (p <.05), which means that there was a relationship between self-compassion and parental stress among mothers of ID’s children. Self compassion contributedeffectively amount 25.3% towardmaternal stress, while 74.7% was influenced by others. Keywords : self compassion, parental stress, cognitive/ intellectual disability (ID)

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School's out: parenting stress and screen time use in school-age children during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.31234/osf.io/5guc3 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diane Seguin ◽

Elizabeth Kuenzel ◽

Jeffrey Bruce Morton ◽

Emma Duerden

Keyword(s):

Parental Involvement ◽

Parenting Stress ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Time Use ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Screen Time ◽

Online Survey ◽

Linear Models ◽

Parent Stress ◽

School Age Children

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, millions of children abruptly moved to online schooling, which required high levels of parental involvement. Family routines were disrupted, potentially increasing parental stress, and may be reflected in greater media screen time use in children.Objectives: To determine whether 1) parenting styles and 2) parenting stress were associated with children’s screen time use during the pandemic compared to the pre-pandemic period.Methods: Parents (>18 years of age) were recruited to complete an online survey regarding changes in their children’s (6-12 years) screen time use and daily activities before and during the pandemic. Stress and parental involvement were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Alabama Parenting Questionnaires respectively. General linear models assessed whether parenting style and parent stress was associated with children’s screen time during the pandemic, adjusting for demographic variables and daily activities.Results: 104 parents were enrolled, and 78 (75%) parents completed the surveys. Children’s screen time (e.g., watching television and playing video games) increased significantly, from 2.6 hours to 5.8 hours a day (p=.001) during pandemic-related school closures. Smaller changes in children’s screen time use were significantly associated with more parental involvement (p=.017). Parent stress (p=.018) significantly predicted children’s screen time use. Lower household income was associated with increased hours of screen time in both models (both, p<.05).Conclusions: Children’s screen time nearly doubled during the initial months of the pandemic. Parent stress and parenting styles may be modifiable risk factors to promote children’s wellbeing during the ongoing pandemic.

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RELACIÓN ENTRE ESTRÉS PARENTAL Y HABILIDADES LINGÜÍSTICAS EN NIÑOS CON TEA

International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology Revista INFAD de psicología ◽

10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v1.353 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Irene Puchol Fraile ◽

Mª Inmaculada Fernández Andrés ◽

Gemma Pastor Cerezuela ◽

Pilar Sanz Cervera ◽

Eva Herraiz Llongo

Keyword(s):

Parenting Stress ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Expressive Language ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Stress Index ◽

Typical Development ◽

Parenting Stress Index ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Linguistic Skills ◽

The Relationship

Abstract:The objectives of this study were: 1) Compare the perceived parental stress between a group of parents of children with ASD and a group of parents of children with typical development. The rest of the objectives are focused on the analysis of the ASD group.2) Compare the perceived parental stress between the parents of the ASD children with language and the parents of the ASD children without language. 3) Analyze the relationship between the perceived parental stress and the child’s receptive linguistic skills. 4) Analyze the relationship between the perceived parental stress and the child’s expressive linguistic skills. The Parenting Stress Index scale (the child domain) was used to evaluate the parental stress. The main results obtained were: 1) Parental stress in the parents of ASD children was higher than in the parents of the children with typical development. 2) There was no significant difference on the perceived parental stress between the parents of ASD children with and without language. 3) Parental stress showed a statistically significant relation with some of the evaluated variables, both receptive and expressive language. Thus, the child’ limitations on language skills were linked to a higher parental stress in the child domain, particularly the one obtained in the Acceptability subscale, relative to the parental expectations about the child’s capacities. This result is discussed in the context of the importance that our culture gives to the achievement motivation and the possible connection of this with parental stress.Keywords: Autism Spectrum Disorder, expressive language, parental stress, receptive language.Resumen:Los objetivos de este estudio fueron: 1) Comparar el estrés parental percibido entre un grupo de padres de niños con TEA y un grupo de padres de niños de desarrollo típico. El resto de objetivos se centraron en el análisis del grupo con TEA. 2) Comparar el estrés parental percibido entre los padres de niños TEA con lenguaje y los padres de niños TEA sin lenguaje. 3) Analizar la relación entre el estrés parental percibido y las habilidades lingüísticas receptivas del niño. 4) Analizar la relación entre el estrés parental percibido y las habilidades lingüísticas expresivas del niño. Para evaluar el estrés parental se utilizó la escala Parenting Stress Index (dominio del niño). Los principales resultados obtenidos fueron: 1) Un nivel de estrés parental superior en los padres de niños TEA que en los padres de niños de desarrollo típico. 2) No hubo diferencia significativa en el nivel de estrés parental percibido entre los padres de niños TEA con y sin lenguaje. 3) El estrés parental mostró una relación estadísticamente significativa con algunas de las variables evaluadas, tanto de lenguaje receptivo como expresivo. Así, las limitaciones en las competencias lingüísticas del niño se vincularon con un mayor estrés parental asociado a las características del niño, y en particular, el obtenido en la subescala de aceptabilidad, relativa a las expectativas parentales sobre las capacidades del niño. Se discute este resultado en el marco de la importancia que nuestra cultura otorga a la consecución de metas de logro y la posible vinculación que este hecho podría presentar con el estrés parental.Palabras clave: Trastorno del Espectro Autista, estrés parental, lenguaje expresivo, lenguaje receptivo.

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THE PECULIARITIES OF COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND DYSARTRIA

PSYCHOLOGICAL JOURNAL ◽

10.31108/1.2020.6.11.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 18-25

Author(s):

Kateryna Ostrovska ◽

◽

Igor Ostrovsky ◽

Khrystyna Saiko ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Communicative Competence ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Speech Disorders ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Qualitative Similarity ◽

Children's Speech

The peculiarities of communicative competence of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and dysarthria are discussed. The performed literature review has revealed that almost half of children with ASD show violations of both expressive and impressive speech, and moreover, ambiguous results were obtained regarding existing correlations between speech disorders of children with ASD and children with dysarthria. This necessitated the study on the speech competence of these two children categories. The experiment was attended by 75 preschool children from 4 to 6 years old from Lviv: 25 children with ASD (20 boys and 5 girls), 25 children with dysarthria and 25 children with typical development. The following techniques were used: 1) the technique “Examination of children’s speech readiness for school” to determine children’s communicative competencies; 2) the method “Profile of a child’s social development” to determine their interaction with adults and peers. Basing on the study results, we have found out that only middle or low levels of communicative competencies were observed at preschool children with ASD and children with dysarthria. No children with high or sufficient levels of communicative competence were identified. In terms of communicative activities, there was a qualitative similarity between the two categories of children. However, the study results suggest a significant difference between them: children with ASD interact better with adults than children with dysarthria, while children with dysarthria interact better with peers than children with ASD. Based on the obtained results, a corrective care strategy for the studied children categories has been proposed.

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