scholarly journals Production Technology for Oat Protein with Advanced Physicochemical, Functional, and Technological Properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Егор Каширских ◽  
Egor Kashirskich ◽  
Ольга Бабич ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
Ольга Кригер ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Protein Extraction ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

The current intensive industrialization has changed the food preferences of consumers. As a result, there is a growing demand for high-grade high-nutritional meat and dairy products, which, in its turn, triggered an increase in the demand for grain crops and led to higher animal feed prices. All these affected the price and quality of the finished product, since farms are trying to stay profitable. As a consequence, the high cost of animal proteins make producers look for other sources of protein with similar qualities. Common oat (Avena sativa L.) remains the most cultivated species. Oats are a source of high-quality protein with an optimal amino acid balance. The paper features a oat protein technology (Avena sativa). The research defined the parameters of the protein extraction process. For acid and alkaline methods, the following optimum parameters were revealed: temperature – 40 ± 2°C, hydraulic module – 1:10, time – 90 minutes, active acidity of the acid extraction – 2.0 units, active acidity of alkaline extraction – 9.0 units. The authors managed to obtain protein substances with the molecular weight > 50 kDa. The optimal parameters of ultrafiltration of the protein extract were as follows: pore diameter = 100 kDa at pH 8.0 and 0.5 MPa. The ultrafiltration conducted under these conditions showed that the content of high molecular fractions (globulins and albumins) increased from 39.12% to 55.15% for the extract obtained by alkaline method, whereas the content of low molecular weight fractions (prolamins and glutelins) decreased from 60.88% to 44.85%. Ultrafiltration of protein extracts obtained by alkaline and acidic methods made it possible to concentrate protein fractions with a molecular weight ≥ 50 kDa. When a 10% aqueous solution of succinic acid was used as a precipitator, the protein precipitation degree equaled 89.3%. The paper introduces a new oat protein purification method. The optimal multiplicity of purification by RP-HPLC was 4 purification cycles. For the alkaline extract, the total content of high molecular weight fractions (50.0–120.0 kDa) was 72.7% and the total content of low molecular weight fractions (15.0–49.0 kDa) was 27.3%. For the acid extract, the total content of high molecular weight fractions was 72.9%, while the content of low molecular weight fractions was 27.1%. Oat proteins obtained by alkaline and acid extraction demonstrated a high foaming ability (148–177%) at pH = 6.0–9.0, as well as a good fat and water retention capacity. The oat proteins were found to have a high content of protein and essential amino acids similar to animal proteins. A comparative analysis showed that oat protein can act as an alternative substitute for animal proteins.

Breakdown of mucin and plant polysaccharides in the human colon

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 1190-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Vercellotti ◽  
A. A. Salyers ◽  
W. S. Bullard ◽  
T. D. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight Protein ◽  
Complex Carbohydrate ◽  
Plant Polysaccharides ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

To obtain an estimate of the extent to which complex carbohydrates are degraded by bacteria in the human colon, aqueous extracts of colon contents from four human subjects were separated into high and low molecular weight fractions by chromatography on a Sephadex G-100 column. The composition of these fractions was compared with the composition of similar fractions from ileal contents, i.e., from material entering the colon. In all four subjects, high molecular weight carbohydrate concentrations were lower in the colon than in the ileum, indicating that breakdown of complex carbohydrate occurs in the colon. The high molecular weight carbohydrate fraction contained sugars characteristic of plant polysaccharides (arabinose, xylose, mannose, rhamnose) as well as sugars characteristic of mucin (fucose, hexosamines, sialic acids). Concentrations of most of these sugars were uniformly lower in the colon than in the ileum. Since high molecular weight protein concentrations were lower in the colon than in the ileum of two of the four subjects tested, some degradation of protein may also occur in the colon.

scholarly journals Molecular-mass distribution of tundra soils humic substances from the European northeast of Russia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Vasilevitch ◽  
Evgeniy Lodygin ◽  
Vasiliy Beznosikov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Mass Distribution ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Tundra Soils ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Different Molecular Weight ◽  
A Share

It is established that the humic acids (HA) of tundra soils contain three fractions with a different molecular weight: ≥600, 62–83 and 2,6–5,3 kDa; fulvic acids (FA) — one fraction — 1,5–4,4 kDa. The maintenance of a low molecular weight fraction of HA considerably exceeds a share of medium and high molecular weight fractions. Reclamation of tundra surface-gley soils leads to decrease of a share of high molecular weight and to increase of a share of low molecular weight fraction as a part of HA. Correlative dependences between the contents of HA molecular weight fractions with parameters of HA are established. Refs 16. Figs 1. Tables 3.

Toxicological Considerations in the Selection of Flexible Packaging Materials for Foodstuffs

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRED B. SHAW
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymeric Films ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymers ◽  
Flexible Packaging ◽  
Aseptic Packaging ◽  
Commercial Polymers ◽  
Metallic Foils ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions

High molecular weight polymers are the “backbone” of the flexible packaging industry, although a variety of papers, fabrics, and metallic foils are also employed. Almost without exception, high molecular weight polymers are physiologically inert and, therefore, pose no toxicological problems in themselves. However, monomers and low molecular weight fractions that may be incorporated in certain commercial polymers can be a source of concern, as can be other low molecular weight chemicals purposely added to commercial polymers, in some instances, to modify their processing or functioning characteristics. Conditions of use must also be considered when employing polymeric films (with or without additives) as the food contact components of packages. A polymer may be completely nontoxic and an adequate barrier to other package constituents when used to contain foodstuffs if the resultant package is subsequently stored at room temperature, under refrigeration, or frozen. However, when used as the inner ply of a boil-in pouch, a retortable pouch, or an oven bag, it must be determined that it is not subject to some degree of thermal breakdown or allows permeation of adhesive or ink components not approved for direct contact with food. Finally, if there is a requirement to sterilize packages before filling, as in aseptic packaging, the effect of the sterilizing medium on the packaging material must be fully understood.

PHYSICOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF LIGNINSULPHONATES: II. BEHAVIOR AS POLYELECTROLYTES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Gardon ◽  
S. G. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Micelle Formation ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Physicochemical Studies ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Molecular Branching

Conductivity, dyestuff adsorption, and viscosity measurements on aqueous solutions of fractionated ligninsulphonate samples having various molecular weights indicate that they behave as flexible polyelectrolytes. There is evidence that ligninsulphonates of molecular weight less than 5000 associate in solution in a manner analogous to micelle formation in colloidal electrolytes. From the variation of intrinsic viscosity with molecular weight, it may be concluded that the degree of molecular branching of the high molecular weight ligninsulphonates is greater than that of the low molecular weight fractions.

STRUCTURE AND CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF MUCILAGE CELLS IN PSEUDOLARIX AND ABIES BARK

IAWA Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-310
Author(s):  
Fengping Jia ◽  
Jiayan Luo ◽  
Ryosuke Takahashi ◽  
Chie Uehira ◽  
Shinichi Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight Fraction ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Chemical Contents

Mucilage is extruded from the bark of Pseudolarix amabilis and Abies nephrolepis upon injury. The aim of this study was to characterize the structure and chemical contents of mucilage extruded from mucilage cells (MCs) in the bark of these species. A large number of MCs containing translucent or dark materials in their lumina were observed in the secondary phloem of P. amabilis and A. nephrolepis. The translucent or dark materials in MCs stained positive with ruthenium red and PAS, indicating the presence of polysaccharides. The average length and diameter of MC in P. amabilis were 1500 μm and 254 μm, respectively, and the corresponding values for A. nephrolepis were 419 μm and 166 μm. Chemical analysis of low molecular weight fractions prepared from mucilage by HPAEC-PAD showed sucrose, glucose and fructose peaks, and in addition galacturonic acid and fucose peaks. Furthermore, 1H NMR spectra for the high molecular weight fraction showed the signals characteristic of pectin. This demonstrates that the mucilage consists mainly of low molecular weight carbohydrates and high molecular weight polysaccharide pectin.

The Effect of Dextran of Various Molecular Weight on the Coagulation in Dogs

1961 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 015-024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Erik Bergentz ◽  
Oddvar Eiken ◽  
Inga Marie Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Coagulation Defects

Summary1. Infusions of low molecular weight dextran (Mw = 42 000) to dogs in doses of 1—1.5 g per kg body weight did not produce any significant changes in the coagulation mechanism.2. Infusions of high molecular weight dextran (Mw = 1 000 000) to dogs in doses of 1—1.5 g per kg body weight produced severe defects in the coagulation mechanism, namely prolongation of bleeding time and coagulation time, thrombocytopenia, pathological prothrombin consumption, decrease of fibrinogen, prothrombin and factor VII, factor V and AHG.3. Heparin treatment of the dogs was found to prevent the decrease of fibrinogen, prothrombin and factor VII, and factor V otherwise occurring after injection of high molecular weight dextran. Thrombocytopenia was not prevented.4. In in vitro experiments an interaction between fibrinogen and dextran of high and low molecular weight was found to take place in systems comprising pure fibrinogen. No such interaction occurred in the presence of plasma.5. It is concluded that the coagulation defects induced by infusions of high molecular weight dextran are due to intravascular coagulation.

Applications of Algal Polysaccharides and Derivatives in Therapeutic and Agricultural Fields

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1187-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soukaina Bouissil ◽  
Guillaume Pierre ◽  
Zainab El Alaoui-Talibi ◽  
Philippe Michaud ◽  
C. El Modafar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Wound Dressing ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Algal Polysaccharides ◽  
Agricultural Fertilizer

Background: Recently, researchers have given more and more consideration to natural polysaccharides thanks to their huge properties such as stability, biodegradability and biocompatibility for food and therapeutics applications. Methods: a number of enzymatic and chemical processes were performed to generate bioactive molecules, such as low molecular weight fractions and oligosaccharides derivatives from algal polysaccharides. Results: These considerable characteristics allow algal polysaccharides and their derivatives such as low molecular weight polymers and oligosaccharides structures to have great potential to be used in lots of domains, such as pharmaceutics and agriculture etc. Conclusion: The present review describes the mains polysaccharides structures from Algae and focuses on the currents agricultural (fertilizer, bio-elicitor, stimulators, signaling molecules and activators) and pharmaceutical (wound dressing, tissues engineering and drugs delivery) applications by using polysaccharides and/or their oligosaccharides derivatives obtained by chemical, physical and enzymatic processes.

scholarly journals Antiparasitic antibodies occur with similar frequency in patients with clinically established multiple sclerosis with or without oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 512-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Cruz Gomes da Fonseca-Papavero ◽  
Dagoberto Callegaro ◽  
Paulo Diniz da Gama ◽  
Jose Antonio Livramento ◽  
Adelaide Jose Vaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Hygiene Hypothesis ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Electrophoresis Of Proteins

The "hygiene hypothesis" postulates an inverse relationship between the prevalence of parasitic infections and the frequency of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: It was to study whether antibodies against parasites could be demonstrated more frequently in blood serum from MS patients with oligoclonal bands (OCB) than from MS patients without OCB. Methods: We studied serum samples from 164 patients who had previously been analyzed to investigate OCB. Parasitic antibodies were studied through unidimensional electrophoresis of proteins on polyacrylamide gel against Taenia antigens, searching for antiparasitic specific low molecular weight antibodies and also for antiparasitic nonspecific high molecular weight antibodies. Results: Two of the 103 patients with no evidence of OCB had antibodies of low molecular weight and 59 of them had antibodies of high molecular weight. Of the 61 patients with evidence of OCB, one showed antibodies of low molecular weight and 16 showed antibodies of high molecular weight. Conclusion: Antiparasitic antibodies are detected with similar frequency in MS patients with OCB and in MS patients without OCB.

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