scholarly journals A comparative study of physical properties of selected rice varieties in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Olasunkanmi Arije ◽  
Babatunde Adewumi ◽  
Tajudeen Olayanju ◽  
Babatunde Adetifa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
And Storage

Rice is now the main food for about 35 million people in Nigeria, and consumption is increasing faster than that of any other food crop in many countries in Africa. This study provided essential engineering data on the physical properties of selected varieties of local rice in Nigeria. Some selected physical properties of Igbemo, Ofa- da and Abakaliki rice varieties at harvest, market, and storage conditions were evaluated as a function of moisture content. The latter ranged from 12.38 to 25.69% (dry base). We also determined the physical properties of the rice samples, such as moisture content, linear dimensions, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, sphericity, bulk density, and hundred kernel weights. A result of the linear dimensions for the major diameter was 8.4–10.3 mm, 6.4–6.55 mm, and 5.9–7.4 mm for harvested, marketed, and stored rice, respec- tively. The minor diameter ranged from 2.70 to 3.29 mm, 2.49 to 2.63 mm, and 2.56 to 2.74 mm, and the intermedi- ate diameter of the rice varieties at harvest, market, and storage conditions was 1.92–2.29 mm, 1.90–2.02 mm, and 1.87–1.99 mm, respectively. Depending on the conditions and varieties, the bulk density, true density, and porosity, was observed to be between 0.59 to 0.90 g/cm3, 2.28 to 5.57 g/cm3 and 70.38 to 85.35% respectively.

Effect of moisture content on physical properties of cashew nut of different varieties

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Baslingappa Swami ◽  
N.J. Thakor A.M. Gawai
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
True Density ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Effect Of Moisture

<p>The physical properties, viz., geometric diameter, surface area, sphericity, volume, bulk density, true density and angle of repose was measured for  four  cashew varieties <em>viz</em>., <em>Vengurle 1, Vengurle 3, Vengurle 4</em>  and <em>Vengurle 7</em> at different moisture content (15 to 87% db). For <em>Vengurle</em> 1 as the moisture content increased, the physical properties i.e., geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 20.8 to 22.1 mm, 3485 to 4416 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1355 to 1540 mm<sup>2</sup>, 984 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32 to 37˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 74.2 to 71.4 per cent and 490 to 418 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 3</em> geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 27.2 to 28.6 mm, 7912 to 9169 mm<sup>3</sup>, 2320 to 2567 mm<sup>2</sup>, 1020 to 1048 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 35.5˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 75.5 to 75.2 per cent and 531 to 470 kg m<sup>-3</sup> respectively. For <em>Vengurle 4</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 21.0 to 24.1mm, 3362 to 5113 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1391 to 1828 mm<sup>2</sup>, 970 to 1030 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 32.5 to 38˚,  respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.8 to 66.8 per cent, 517 to 462 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively. For <em>Vengurle 7</em> the geometric mean diameter, volume, surface area, true density and angle of repose increased from 24.2 to 24.9 mm, 5102 to 5547 mm<sup>3</sup>, 1840 to 1941 mm<sup>2</sup>, 998 to 1045 kg m<sup>-3</sup> and 33 to 38˚, respectively. The sphericity and bulk density decreased from 65.4 to 65.8 per cent, 518 to 438 kg m<sup>-3</sup>, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Some physical properties of kariya (Hildegardia barteri) nut/ kernel relevant to the design of its processing equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 083-090
Author(s):  
Ubong Edet Assian ◽  
Akindele Folarin Alonge
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Unit Mass ◽  
Sample Distribution ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Mean Diameter

Kariya kernel is very rich in essential fats, oils and other valuable nutrients which may find applications in many food formulations. To harness these nutrients, processing equipment and machines are to be used. In order to effectively design these machines, the values of some physical properties of kariya nut and kernel are needed. In this study, some physical properties of the kariya nut and kernel were investigated. Results showed that mean major diameter, intermediate diameter, minor diameter and unit mass obtained at the nut moisture content of 19.83 ± 3.71 (w.b.) were 14.16 ± 0.79 mm, 10.17 ± 0.36 mm, 9.78 ± 0.28 mm and 0.503 ± 0.05g, respectively while the corresponding values obtained at the kernel moisture content of 8.89 ± 2.22% (w.b.) were 9.07 ±0.72 mm, 7.32 ±0.49 mm, 7.08 ± 0.41 mm and 0.328 ± 0.03 g, respectively. The values of calculated geometric mean diameter were 11.20 ±mm and 7.77 ± 0.36 mm, for the kariya nut and kernel, respectively. The skewness value of the sample distribution of 0.08 and -0.24 were recorded for the kariya nut and kernel, respectively. The sphericity, surface area, volume, density, bulk density and porosity were 79.27 ± 3.07%, 394.75 23.13 mm2, 738.37 ± 64.96 mm3 , 681.1 ± 20 kg/m3, 440.24 ± 0.04 kg/m3 and 36.65 ± 0.74% ; and 85.97 ± 5.27%, 189.85 ± 17.34 mm2, 246.71 ± 33.60 mm3, 1342.1 ± 136.23 kg/m3, 773.06 ± 0.06 kg/m3 and 42.28 ± 4.10% for the kariya nut and kernel respectively.

scholarly journals Physical properties of cumin and caraway seeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zare ◽  
A. Bakhshipour ◽  
G. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Equivalent Diameter ◽  
True Density ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Constant Moisture Content

Abstract Physical properties of cumin and caraway seeds were measured and compared at constant moisture content of 7.5% w.b. The average thousand mass of grain, mean length, mean width, mean thickness, equivalent diameter, geometric mean diameter, surface area, volume, sphericity, aspect ratio, true density, bulk density and porosity were measured for cumin and caraway. There are significant differences (p<0.01) in most physical properties of cumin and caraway, except porosity and sphericity

Physical properties of kumquat fruit

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jaliliantabar ◽  
A.N. Lorestani ◽  
R. Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Rupture Force ◽  
Projected Area ◽  
Initial Rupture ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Mass Volume

Abstract Some physical properties of kumquat were investigated. Physical properties which were measured included fruit dimensions, mass, volume, projected area, density, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and surface area. Bulk density, porosity and also packaging coefficient were calculated. Mechanical properties such as the elasticity modulus, rupture force and energy required for initial rupture have been determined. The experiments were carried out at moisture content of 82.6% (w.b.). The results show that the kumquat fruit is one of the smallest fruit in the citrus family.

scholarly journals Some Physical Properties of Palmyrah Palm (Borassus flabellifer L.) Fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
P. C. Vengaiah ◽  
S. Kaleemullah ◽  
M. Madhava ◽  
A. Mani ◽  
B. Sreekanth
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
The Individual

Some physical properties of palmyrah fruit were investigated in this study. The average values of major, medium, minor and geometric mean diameters of fresh whole palmyrah fruit were 11.54,10.45, 9.85 and 10.64 cm respectively at 47.34 % (w.b) moisture content whereas that of palmyrah nut were 8.59, 7.35, 4.99 and 6.79 cm respectively at 8% (w.b) moisture content. Sphericity, surface area and aspect ratio were found to be 91.94%, 359.17 cm2 and 0.90 for fruit and whereas that of nut were 79.19%, 145.16 cm2 and 0.86 respectively. The average mass of the individual palmyrah fruit and nut was 927.78 and 248.10 g whereas bulk density was 525.92 and 693.0 kg/m3 respectively. The coefficient of static friction on mild steel, glass and plywood surfaces were 0.27, 0.21 and 0.25 for palmyrah fruit and 0.36, 0.28 and 0.27 for nut respectively. The angle of repose of palmyrah fruit and nut were 30.77 and 44.03 respectively.

Moisture Dependent Selected Engineering Properties of Deenanath Seeds in Relation to Development of Processing Machinery

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sheshrao Kautkar ◽  
P. K. Pathak ◽  
Bholuram Gurjar ◽  
Sunil Swami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
True Density ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Length Width

Propagation of grasses through seeds is important in view of vigour and germination. Various grasses as Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin., Cenchrus ciliaris L., Chrysopogan fulvus have lower vigour and germination, due to which they need specific operations as defluffing, separation of true seeds, cleaning and grading by specific machines. In designing a machine for a specific use, physical properties and their behaviour with moisture play an important role. A study was conducted to assess the effect of moisture content at five levels [6.88 - 19.23 %, (d.b.)] on selected physical properties of defluffed Deenanath grass seed. The length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, and geometric mean diameter of defluffed Deenanath seed increased from 2.30 mm to 2.56 mm, 0.71 mm to 0.96 mm, 0.47 mm to 0.63 mm, 1.16 mm to 1.38 mm, and 0.90 mm to 1.15 mm, respectively, with increase in moisture content 6.88 % to 19.23 %. Bulk density, true density, and porosity decreased from 652.16 kg.m-3 to 585.78 kg.m-3, 852.63 kg.m-3 to 792.71 kg.m-3, and 25.62 % to 24.97 %, respectively, with increase in moisture content from 6.88 % to 19.23 per cent. The aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, volume, and thousand-seed mass of the seed were in the range of 30.91 - 37.51 %, 0.39 - 0.45, 2.58 - 3.23 mm2 , 3.71 - 4.97 mm3 , and 0.480 - 0.523 g, respectively. Linear relationships with correlation coefficients higher than 0.90 were observed for the physical properties over the experimental range of moisture content.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Peanuts in Talam 1 Varieties, Talam 2 Varieties and Takar 2 Varieties

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-184
Author(s):  
Isnaini Puspitasari ◽  
Sandra Sandra ◽  
Yusuf Wibisono
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Static Friction ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Air Content ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Area And Volume

The physical properties of agricultural products are very important for designing tools and machines for processing products. The quality of peanuts is determined by physical properties. The physical properties that determine the quality of peanuts are the air content and physical quality of seeds (whole seeds, wrinkled seeds, and damaged seeds). The physical properties of peanuts must be considered the size of peanuts (area and volume), true density, bulk density, porosity, angle of friction used for drying and storage. On Measuring the Physical Properties of Peanuts Various Types of Variations Each of which Has Different Values. In the measurement of the average large dimension value of the Talam 2 variety has a number of 14.48 ± 0.97, the average width value required by Takar 2 and Talam 1 varieties is 8.55 ± 0.57 and. Measure 2 has an arithmetic mean diameter value, geometric mean diameter, surface area, and overall volume as a whole - 9.9 ± 0.56, 9.62 ± 0.36, 291.05 ± 22.07, 468 , 03 ± 52.59. This happens because the Takar 2 variety peanut has a larger seed shape and more containing seeds. Glass is a friction surface that has the highest coefficient of static friction.

scholarly journals Physical Properties, Pasting Characteristics and Rheological Behaviour of Paddy Varieties Suitable for Flaking

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhritiman Saha ◽  
Arun Kumar T V ◽  
Swati Sethi ◽  
Indore Navnath
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Mean Diameter

A study was conducted to find the effect of moisture content on various physical properties of paddy varieties (MTU-1010 and BB-11) suitable for flaking. The range of moisture studied was 11.11% to 28.2% (d.b.) for both the paddy varieties. The bulk density of the paddy increased from 514.76 kg/m3 to 563.62 kg/m3 for MTU-1010 variety and 605.28 kg/m3 to 632.62 kg/m3 for BB-11 variety respectively when the moisture content was increased in the experimental range. The sphericity increased from 0.386 to 0.399 for MTU-1010 variety and 0.448 to 0.458 for BB-11 variety with increase in moisture content. The true density and porosity decreased with the increase in moisture content of paddy. The other physical properties such as test weight, surface area, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter and angle of repose increased with the increase in moisture content of paddy. The static coefficient of friction of paddy increased with the increase in moisture content on different surfaces e.g. wood, mild steel, and galvanized iron. The regression equations for all the response variables were significant at P < 0.05 with coefficient of determination, R2 (> 0.90). The amylose content in MTU-1010 and BB-11 variety was found to be 30.23% and 26.32% respectively indicating that high amylose containing paddy varieties are generally used for flaking paddy. Further, the pasting properties of both the paddy varieties revealed higher pasting temperature in paddy variety MTU-1010 than BB-11. The rheological studies highlighted higher storage modulus of brown rice than the polished rice for both the paddy varieties.

Dynamics of the physical properties of soybean during storage under tropical condition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M.C. Champathi Gunathilake ◽  
J. Bhat ◽  
I.R. Singh ◽  
K.A. Tharanga Kahandawala
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Tropical Condition

This research study was carried out for 16 weeks to evaluate the effect of ambient storage conditions on the physical properties of soybean. Two soybean varieties named Pb-1 and PM-13 were used for the experiment. The hardness, bulk density, moisture content and thousand seed mass changed significantly within the storage period (P less than 0.05). Hardness and bulk density of seeds increased with time while thousand seed mass and moisture content decreased with storage time in both varieties. The ‘L’ and ‘a’ color values were not changed significantly with storage time however, the ‘b’ color values were significantly altered with storage time in both varieties. Seed physical property changers are directly affected to its processing conditions such as grading, separation, drying and grinding. Therefore, soybean processing conditions and processing power requirements required to be altered accordingly.

Effect of irrigation and nutrient on physical properties of safflower seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Maziar Feyzollahzadeh ◽  
Asaad ModaresMotlagh ◽  
Ali M. Nikbakht
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Mass Volume ◽  
Dynamic Coefficient Of Friction

Abstract The effect of irrigation and nutrient treatments on physical properties of safflower seeds was investigated. Physical properties of safflower seeds were determined at a moisture content of 7% w.b. The parameters determined at different treatments were: size, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, surface area, mass, volume, bulk and true densities, porosity, and static and dynamic coefficient of friction. The results showed a better effect of the use of organic fertilizers in comparison with chemical ones. The results showed that nutrient and irrigation treatments had a significant effect on most of the physical properties of safflower seeds at p<0.01.

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