Dynamics of the physical properties of soybean during storage under tropical condition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M.C. Champathi Gunathilake ◽  
J. Bhat ◽  
I.R. Singh ◽  
K.A. Tharanga Kahandawala
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Tropical Condition

This research study was carried out for 16 weeks to evaluate the effect of ambient storage conditions on the physical properties of soybean. Two soybean varieties named Pb-1 and PM-13 were used for the experiment. The hardness, bulk density, moisture content and thousand seed mass changed significantly within the storage period (P less than 0.05). Hardness and bulk density of seeds increased with time while thousand seed mass and moisture content decreased with storage time in both varieties. The ‘L’ and ‘a’ color values were not changed significantly with storage time however, the ‘b’ color values were significantly altered with storage time in both varieties. Seed physical property changers are directly affected to its processing conditions such as grading, separation, drying and grinding. Therefore, soybean processing conditions and processing power requirements required to be altered accordingly.

scholarly journals Some physical properties of lentil seeds affected by harvest time

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
S. Gürsoy
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
True Density ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture

Abstract: The physical properties and the hardness of lentil seeds, which can also be affected by harvest times, are very important variables in the designing and adjustment of machineries used during harvest, handling and other processes. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of different harvest times on some physical and mechanical properties of lentil seeds. A field experiment was conducted at six harvest times including the harvesting at physiological maturity (H1) and 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 days after physiological maturity (H2, H3, H4, H5 and H6, respectively). The variables determined were moisture content, diameter, thickness, sphericity, seed mass, bulk density, true density, porosity and hardness of lentil seeds. It was found that seed moisture content, seed dimensions, seed mass and bulk density decreased with delayed harvest time. However, sphericity, true density, porosity and hardness of lentil seeds increased with increased harvest time.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LAMA PENYIMPANAN TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DEDAK PADI

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Febrina Grace Ivonne Marbun ◽  
Rahmat Wiradimadja ◽  
Iman Hernaman
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Specific Density ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The study aimed to determine the effect of storage time on the physical characteristics of rice bran. The study was carried out by the experimental method using a randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments used were the length of storage, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks. The variables observed were the physical properties of rice bran which included specific density, bulk density, and compact bulk density and moisture content. The collected data was analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Duncan’s test. The results showed that the storage time from week 0 to week 4 did not have a significant effect on the specific density, bulk density, and compact bulk density. The treatment of each other had a significant effect (P <0.05) increasing the rice bran moisture content. It was concluded that the length of storage increased the moisture content with the regression equation y = 1.0963X + 8.728 with R2 = 0.7602, r = 0.8719, but did not affect the physical characteristics of rice bran. Keywords: Density, Moisture Content, Physical Characteristics, Rice Bran, Storage Time

scholarly journals A comparative study of physical properties of selected rice varieties in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Olasunkanmi Arije ◽  
Babatunde Adewumi ◽  
Tajudeen Olayanju ◽  
Babatunde Adetifa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Kernel Weights ◽  
Linear Dimensions ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
And Storage

Rice is now the main food for about 35 million people in Nigeria, and consumption is increasing faster than that of any other food crop in many countries in Africa. This study provided essential engineering data on the physical properties of selected varieties of local rice in Nigeria. Some selected physical properties of Igbemo, Ofa- da and Abakaliki rice varieties at harvest, market, and storage conditions were evaluated as a function of moisture content. The latter ranged from 12.38 to 25.69% (dry base). We also determined the physical properties of the rice samples, such as moisture content, linear dimensions, geometric mean diameter, arithmetic mean diameter, surface area, aspect ratio, sphericity, bulk density, and hundred kernel weights. A result of the linear dimensions for the major diameter was 8.4–10.3 mm, 6.4–6.55 mm, and 5.9–7.4 mm for harvested, marketed, and stored rice, respec- tively. The minor diameter ranged from 2.70 to 3.29 mm, 2.49 to 2.63 mm, and 2.56 to 2.74 mm, and the intermedi- ate diameter of the rice varieties at harvest, market, and storage conditions was 1.92–2.29 mm, 1.90–2.02 mm, and 1.87–1.99 mm, respectively. Depending on the conditions and varieties, the bulk density, true density, and porosity, was observed to be between 0.59 to 0.90 g/cm3, 2.28 to 5.57 g/cm3 and 70.38 to 85.35% respectively.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kadar Air terhadap Beberapa Sifat Fisik Biji Lada Putih

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Andi Muhammad Akram Mukhlis ◽  
Edy Hartulistiyoso ◽  
Yohanes Aris Purwanto
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
True Density ◽  
The Third ◽  
Axial Dimension ◽  
Content Range

The physical properties of seed are required in designing an  apparatus for handling, separation, drying, storage, and processing. The physical properties of white pepper seeds were  determined as a function of moisture content in the range of  15,40 - 64,80 % dry basis (d.b.). The average height, length and width at a moisture content condition of 15,40 % (d.b.) were 4,11 ± 0,27 mm; 4,35 ± 0,34 mm and 4,35 ± 0,35 mm, respectively.  In the range of moisture content 15,40 - 64,80 % (d.b.), the  results of this study showed an increase linearly of the third axial  dimension, the average diameter, the roundness from 0,969 to 0,977, the volume from 39,50 to 67,34 mm3, the surface area  from 55,87 to 79,92mm2 and the thousand seed mass from  52,47 to 75,63 g. Bulk density and true density has a polynomial  correlation with changes in moisture content.The porosity  decreased from 45,01 % to 44,88 % with an increase in the  moisture content range of 15,40 - 64,80 % (d.b.). ABSTRAKSifat fisik biji-bijian diperlukan dalam merancang suatu peralatan  untuk penanganan, pemisahan, pengeringan, penyimpanan dan  pengolahannya. Sifat fisik biji lada putih ditentukan sebagai  fungsi kadar air pada rentang 15,40 - 64,80 % basis kering  (b.k.). Tinggi, panjang dan lebar rata-rata pada kondisi kadar air  15,40 % (b.k.) adalah 4,11 ± 0,27 mm; 4,35 ± 0,34 mm dan  4,35 ± 0,35 mm berturut-turut. Pada rentang kadar air 15,40 -  64,80 % b.k., hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan peningkatan  secara linear pada ketiga dimensi aksial, diameter rata-rata,  kebulatan dari 0,969 hingga 0,977, volume dari 39,50 hingga  67,34 mm3, luas permukaan dari 55,87 hingga 79,92 mm2 dan  massa seribu biji dari 52,47 hingga 75,63 g. Bulk density dan true density memiliki hubungan polinomial dengan perubahan kadar  air biji. Porositas menurun dari 45,01 % hingga 44,88 % dengan  peningkatan kadar air pada rentang 15,40 - 64,80 % (b.k.).

Measuring the Thermo-Technical Parameters of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 824 ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Struhárová
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Technical Properties

Bulk density and moisture content are factors that significantly affect the physical properties of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) including thermal conductivity and other thermo-technical characteristics. This article shows the results of measurements of compressive strength, capillary absorption, water absorption and porosity of AAC (ash on fluidized fly ash) at different bulk density and also the results of thermal conductivity of AAC at different bulk density and variable moisture content of the material. The thermo-technical properties were measured using the Isomet 2104, a portable measuring device. Acquired results demonstrate dependence of physical properties including thermal conductivity of AAC on bulk density and moisture content. The reliability and accuracy of the method of measuring was also shown.

scholarly journals Physiological quality of pink pepper seeds (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.) as a function of storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-157
Author(s):  
Thaísa De Oliveira Silveira ◽  
Madelon Rodrigues Braz ◽  
Gilmara Pires de Moura Palermo ◽  
Tiago Böer Breier
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
And Storage

Seeds of native forest species for food and seedling production have a growing demand that impacts the need for studies involving seed storage in order to maintain good levels of germination quality. Thus, scientific analyzes that explore the physiological potential of the seeds of these species are necessary, especially for the pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi.), a species used as an alternative source of income for traditional communities and which has been arousing interest due to the consumption of its fruits as a condiment in the national and international market. This work aimed to assess the physiological quality of pink pepper seeds according to the storage period and seed size. The seeds came from a rural settlement, a pioneer in the extraction of pink pepper, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The seeds were evaluated for moisture content, germination, first count, length and dry weight of the germinated seedlings, during the period of time that they remained stored and the size of the seeds. The results allowed to conclude that: i) the germinative percentage of the stored pink pepper seeds decreased over the months; ii) the moisture content of the seeds decreased over the months evaluated iii) the different sizes of seeds did not show differences in germination and storage time and iv) values of length and dry weight of the seedlings did not differ according to the period of storage.

scholarly journals Variations in selected soil physical properties with landforms and slope within an inland valley ecosystem in Ashanti region of Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Obalum ◽  
J.C. Nwite ◽  
J. Oppong ◽  
C.A. Igwe ◽  
T. Wakatsuki
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Site Selection ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Silt Fraction ◽  
Inland Valley

One peculiar feature of the inland valleys abundant in West Africa is their site-specific hydrology, underlain mainly by the prevailing landforms and topography. Development and management of these land resources under the increasingly popular sawah (a system of bunded, puddled and levelled rice field with facilities for irrigation and drainage) technology is a promising opportunity for enhancing rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in the region. Information on the variations in selected soil physical properties as influenced by the prevailing landforms may serve as a useful guide in site selection. This is of practical importance since majority of the inland valleys are potentially unsuitable for sawah development and most farmers in the region are of low technical level. Three landforms (river levee, elevated area and depressed area) were identified within a sawah field located in an inland valley at Ahafo Ano South District of Ghana. Each of these landforms was topsoil-sampled along on identified gradient (top, mid and bottom slope positions). Parameters determined included particle size distribution, bulk density, total porosity and field moisture content. The soil is predominantly clayey. There were no variations in the particle size distribution among the slope positions in the river levee. Overall, the river levee had lower silt content than the elevated and the depressed landforms. The bulk density, total porosity, and gravimetric moisture content indicated relative improvements only in the depressed area in the order, bottom &gt; mid &gt; top slope. Irrespective of slope position, the three landforms differed in these parameters in the order, depressed &gt; river levee &gt; elevated. The sand fraction impacted negatively on the silt fraction and bulk density of the soil, both of which controlled the soil moisture status. Despite the fairly low silt content of the soil, the silt fraction strongly influenced the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.80). So too did the soil bulk density on the gravimetric moisture content (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.90). It is concluded that: (1) since the landforms more prominently influenced the measured parameters than the slope positions, the former should take pre-eminence over the latter in soil suitability judgment; (2) with respect to moisture retention, variations in silt fraction and bulk density of this and other clayey inland-valley soils should be used as guide in site selection for sawah development.

scholarly journals Chlorophyll as an indicator of green tea quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. S103-S109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Ošťádalová ◽  
Bohuslava Tremlová ◽  
Jana Pokorná ◽  
Martin Král
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Qualitative Variable ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this work was to study the changes in chlorophyll contents in green teas stored under different conditions and to suggest the most suitable way and length of green tea storage. A secondary aim was to evaluate the possibility of using the chlorophyll content as an indicator of tea freshness. Samples for analysis were obtained from a range of tea-growing regions. Chlorophyll contents were measured using UV-vis spectrophotometry. Chlorophyll absorbance was measured at 642.5 and 660 nm. Prior to storage, chlorophyll concentration in teas ranged from 1.12 to 1.89 mg per 1 g of tea, which corresponded to data given by other authors. Storage was found to lead to a decline in chlorophyll concentration. From the 6th month of storage onwards, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in all samples, irrespective of storage conditions. Based on the findings of this study, original and metal packaging can be considered the most chlorophyll-friendly. On the other hand, glass and paper packaging stored in direct daylight were found to have the strongest impact on chlorophyll concentration. Overall, it can be concluded that the storage time can have a strong influence on oolong green tea colour as an important qualitative variable. Thus, the shelf-life of tea should be shorter than the 12 months claimed by most manufacturers. Once the relationship between changes in chlorophyll concentration and length of the storage period had been established, the chlorophyll content was suggested as an indicator of the storage time (freshness) of a tea substance.

scholarly journals Modeling Single-Screw Extrusion Processing Parameters and Resulting Extrudate Properties of DDGS-Based Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Feeds

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferouz Y. Ayadi ◽  
Parisa Fallahi ◽  
Kurt A. Rosentrater ◽  
Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Single Screw

<span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span><p class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt; line-height: 115%;">A single-screw laboratory extruder was used to conduct an L<sub>18</sub> (2<sup>2</sup><sup> </sup>´ 3<sup>6</sup>) Taguchi fractional factorial study of aquafeed processing. The ingredients were based on a formulation for nutritionally-balanced Nile tilapia diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and soybean meal as the main protein sources, in addition to constant amounts of corn flour, whey, and fishmeal. The effects of three levels of DDGS (20, 30 and 40%), soybean meal (30, 40 and 50%), ingredient moisture content (20, 30 and 40% db), screw speed (100, 150 and 200 rpm), die dimension (L/D ratios of 5, 9 and 13), barrel temperature (80-100-100°C, 80-120-120°C and 80-140-140°C) and two levels of screw configuration (compression ratios of 2:1 and 3:1) on extrudate physical properties (moisture content, water activity, bulk density, unit density, expansion ratio, pellet durability index, water absorption and solubility indices, water stability, color) and extruder processing parameters (resulting temperatures, die pressure, extruder torque, mass flow rate, apparent viscosity, and specific mechanical energy) were determined. Data from raw materials, processing conditions, and extrudate properties were used to develop surface response curves and equations. However, predominantly low R<sup>2</sup> values (&lt; 0.5) only permitted linear relationships between some independent parameters and response variables. Regarding main effects, die pressure significantly decreased with higher DDGS levels, moisture content, temperature, lower die L/D, and higher screw compression. Expansion ratio decreased significantly with higher moisture content and lower die L/D. Significant differences in color were caused by changes in DDGS levels and moisture content. In summary, DDGS, moisture content, die dimension, and extrusion conditions had the biggest impact on most of the extrudate physical properties and processing conditions. Different combinations of these independent factors can be used to achieve desired extrudate physical properties and processing conditions.</p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: small;"> </span>

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