scholarly journals Quantitative and qualitative profile of biologically active substances extracted from purple echinacea (EChinacea Purpurea L.) growing in the Kemerovo region: functional foods application

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Zaushintsena ◽  
Irina Milentyeva ◽  
Olga Babich ◽  
Svetlana Noskova ◽  
Tatyana Kiseleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Active Substances

Immunodeficiency causes a lot of modern diseases. Immunodeficiency, in its turn, is caused by such fac- tors as polluted environment, chronic stress, sedentary lifestyle, unbalanced diet, etc. All these factors weaken respi- ratory organs and gastrointestinal tract, disturb hormonal regulation, and destabilize immune defence. Food industry responds to these challenges by developing functional foods and dietary supplements from medicinal plants. Dietary supplements made from natural plant extracts have more advantages than their numerous synthetic analogues. They produce a mild therapeutic effect and no pronounced side effects. Purple Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea L.) posses- ses immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and tonic properties. However, climatic and soil conditions are known to affect the qualitative and quantitative profile of biologically active substances. The present paper describes the micronutrient profile of various parts of Echinacea purpurea grown in the Kemerovo region. The study employed a complex of physical and chemical methods. The research featured leaves, roots, and flowers, as well as components extracted from the plant with the help of a 70% ethanol solution. The latter was chosen for its universal properties in micronutrient extraction. The methods included high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), thin layer chro- matography (TLC), and IR spectroscopy. A set of triple experiments showed that the extracts contained substances with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulating properties. Thus, Echinacea extract can be recommen- ded for functional foods and dietary supplements.

Developmental Variations in the Content of Active Substances and Nutrients in Echinacea purpurea

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 518d-518
Author(s):  
W. Letchamo ◽  
V.S. Krutilina
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Cichoric Acid ◽  
Active Substances

Echinace from the Asteracea family has been among the top 10 marketed herbs in North America and Europe. So far, only a limited amount of Echinace originate from commercial cultivation. Echinacea purpurea has been commercially cultivated in the United States since the mid 1970s, in Russia since 1935, while in Europe since the 1960s. However, there has been no published information in the English language on methods of cultivation, expected yields, limiting factors, nutrient requirements, and the optimum plant development stage to obtain maximum yield and concentration of the biologically active substances for pharmaceutical and cosmetic processing. The objective of this investigation was, therefore, to study the general distribution of major nutrients and biologically active substances and the relationship between the two groups, and the pattern of the accumulation of cichoric acid, echnacoside, isobutylamides (tetraenes) and essential oil in commercially cultivated Echinacea purpurea. There was a significant variation in the content of essential oil, cichoric acid, and isobutylamides (tetraenes) in different organs and stages of the plant development. Similarly, the difference in the distribution of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and Fe in different organs and developmental stages is demonstrated. The correlation between the content of the active substances and nutrients is demonstrated, while recommendations for an optimum harvesting stage and date are made.

scholarly journals The Content of Biologically Active Substances in Phytobiotics Used for Agricultural Animals and Poultry

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.14) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Victorovna Ulrikh ◽  
Rafik Shamilovich Khaliullin ◽  
Irina Alexandrovna Ganieva ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Izhmulkina ◽  
Mikhail Nikolayevich Arzjutov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Ethanolic Extraction ◽  
Active Substances

Medicinal plants are producers of many biologically active substances – compounds that can influence biological processes in animals; such compounds include cardiac glycosides, saponins, sterols, carotenoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, vitamins, quinones, as well as substances with specific aroma, taste and color. Objects of the research were the extracts of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea), maral root (Leuzea carthamoides), holy thistle (Silybum marianum) and marigold (Calendula officinalis) obtained by low-temperature water-ethanolic extraction followed by low-temperature vacuum drying of the extracts. The content of biologically active substances was determined in accordance with the standard methods of chemical analysis for phytobiotic substances. As shown by the results of the studies, phytobiotic substances contain ascorbic acid, polysaccharides, tannins, carotenoids, phytosterols, fructose and inulin. They also contain many flavonoids, which, presumably, efficiently alter the economic-useful qualities of agricultural animals and poultry. The phytobiotical feed additives may indirectly control the intestinal microflora, supporting the internal protective mechanisms of the animal organism. The use of phytobiotical feed additives in the diet of farm animals and poultry is rationally substantiated, and contributes to abandoning the use of antibiotics in the fodder. 

scholarly journals Biologically Active Substances from Marine Hydrobionts of the Pacific Ocean as the Basis for Developing New Medicines

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
NN Besednova ◽  
TS Zaporozhets ◽  
TA Kuznetsova ◽  
NV Krylova ◽  
ID Makarenkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Marine Origin ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction: Since 1970s, a school of thought on management of innate and acquired immunity systems using biologically active substances of the Far East marine origin has been developed by the Immunology Laboratory of Somov Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor). Biopolymers, which constitute the structural basis of live marine organisms and sustain numerous vital processes, draw special attention as potential candidates for pharmaceutical forms. The objective of our study was to summarize the results of long-term research on biologically active substances (BAS) from marine aquatic organisms (hydrobionts) of the Pacific Ocean as the basis for developing medicinal preparations for infectious disease prevention and treatment and dietary supplements for food and functional food products. Methods: We have selected and analyzed 46 principal published works of the researchers of the Institute found in electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and eLibrary) using appropriate keywords. Results: We established that over 500 substances from various hydrobionts of the Pacific Ocean including invertebrates, fish, algae, marine bacteria (polycationic and polyanionic polysaccharides of brown and red algae), pectins (colloidal carbohydrates of high molecular weight and complex structure), lipopolysaccharides and polysaccharides from marine proteobacteria, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, glycolipids, low-molecular compounds of marine origin (sulfated polyoxysteroids, peptides, beta-glucans, nucleic acids, amino acid complexes, naphthoquinones and spinochromes of sea urchins) had been studied for their biological properties over the past almost half a century. The studies produced abundant new data on immunomodulatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, anti-adhesive, anti-endotoxic, pro-apoptotic, hepatoprotective, and hypolipidemic properties of biologically active substances, substantiated feasibility of designing innovative BAS-based medicines, and developed environmentally safe functional food products and dietary supplements. Conclusions: Biologically active substances from marine hydrobionts are a promising source for the development of novel domestic pharmaceuticals.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF OINTMENT BASED ON ZINGIBER OFFICINALE EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiia Eberle ◽  
◽  
Alona Kobernik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Active Substances

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and diclofenac sodium are widely known drugs for the treatment of inflammatory reactions. Prolonged use of drugs inevitably leads to the development of adverse reactions and reduced immunity of patients. Since the reduction of the "drug load" is an urgent task in this situation, an alternative direction to solve it is the use of natural therapeutic factors, the rehabilitation capabilities of which in these conditions are very appropriate and effective. There is a whole arsenal of medicinal plants in the world, they contain a complex of biologically active substances and are not inferior in therapeutic properties to synthetic agents. Among such medicinal plants is Zingiber officinale, which for the past 10 years is actively grown in Ukraine in the city of Kherson. The study shows the relevance of making a mild drug based on a thick extract of the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. It is proved that the extract belongs to low-toxic compounds, which allows its use in the composition of drugs for transdermal administration. An ointment was made on the basis of a thick ginger extract with a content of biologically active substances of 0.025%. The content was standardized according to the content of the sum of polyphenolic compounds. Inflammation was induced by subplantar injection to the plantar fasciitis (aponeurosis) of the hind limb of rats using 30 µL AITC solution (100 µg/limb) in 1,2-propyleneglycol. The dynamics of changes of inflammatory process was evaluated before addition of the inflammation inducer and after 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 24 hours of its injection for measuring the volume and the thickness of affected limb. Ointment based on ginger extract has a high level of anti-inflammatory properties, which is shown on the basis of the positive dynamics of changes in the morphological parameters of the affected limbs of animals. Prophylactic application of the phytopreparation two days before the start of the experiment helped to block the development of inflammation in comparison with the control group and the reference drug – ibuprofen ointment. The soft dosage form created and studied by us based on the thick extract of Zingiber officinale is an effective anti-inflammatory agent that can not only treat inflammation, but also block its development under previous prophylactic applications.

scholarly journals Innovative Method for Obtaining Biologically Active Compounds from Brewery Mash

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Konstantin Kobelev ◽  
Marina Gernet ◽  
Irina Gribkova
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Brewery mash, or brewer’s spent grain (BSG), is a by-product of brewing industry. It is known to contain valuable biologically active substances. However, their extraction is complicated by the presence of various polymers. The research featured various physicochemical methods for obtaining valuable biological compounds from brewery waste. The new method modified complex non-starch polysaccharides, lignin, arabinoxylans, and other high-molecular compounds associated with phenolic compounds. The research objective was to solve the problem of recycling industrial by-products that accumulate in large quantities and require expensive processing or disposal. The paper introduces new technological approaches for deep processing of BSG as a source of secondary raw materials in order to obtain extracts fortified with polyphenolic compounds. Study objects and methods. The research featured BSG from malt subjected to treatment with ECA-activated water (catholyte with pH 9.6 ± 0.1), followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulolytic enzyme preparations and extraction with a polar solvent of the resulting free polyphenolic substances. The experiments were based on standard methods for assessing the content of various biologically active substances. Results and discussion. A 70% water-ethanol solution proved to be optimal at the BSG:extractant ratio of 2:1, process temperature = 50 ± 2°C, and extraction time = 60 ± 5 min. Under the same conditions, 70 %vol. of beer distillate made it possible to extract phenolic acids, flavonoid rutin, irreplaceable and nonessential amino acids, and non-starch polysaccharide β-glucan from the BSG matrix. The BSG treatment with 1M NaOH solution delivered viscous hydrolysates fortified with flavonoids rutin and quercetin, which did not happen when acid hydrolysis was used. The combined use of ECA-treated water (catholyte with pH 9.6 ± 0.1) for 24 ± 0.05 h, combined with biocatalysis with the enzyme preparation Viskoflo MG for 2 ± 0.05 h, made it possible to obtain BSG extracts with a high content of phenolic acids and aldehydes, as well as flavonoid rutin. Conclusion. The study revealed the mechanism of hydrolytic decomposition of BSG non-starch polysaccharides, considering the compounds contained in the extracts. The BSG hydrolysates fortified with various phenolic compounds can be used in various food technologies, e.g., in fermented drinks.

Microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of Argentine Islands Region: Data from the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
T. O. Kondratiuk ◽  
T. V. Beregova ◽  
I. Yu. Parnikoza ◽  
S. Y. Kondratyuk ◽  
A. Thell
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Rhodotorula Rubra ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Geomyces Pannorum ◽  
Active Substances

The identification of the diversity of microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of the Argentine Islands in specimens collected during the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition was the purpose of this work. Samples of rock, soil, mosses and lichens of rock micro-habitats of “Crustose lichen sub-formation and fruticose lichen and moss cushion sub-formation” were used in the work. These samples were used for extracting and cultivation of filamentous fungi on dense nutrient media. Determination of physiological and biochemical characteristics and identification of yeast-like fungi were performed using a microbiological analyser ‘Vitek-2’ (‘Bio Merieux’, France). Cultivation of microorganisms was carried out at temperatures from +2 to +37 °C. In results cultures of microscopic fungi of Zygomycota (Mucor circinelloides), Ascomycota (species of the genera cf. Tlielebolus, Talaromyces), representatives of the Anamorphic fungi group (Geomyces pannorum, species of the genera Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium) were isolated from Antarctic samples. Microscopic fungi Penicillium spp. were dominated after the frequency in the studied samples (54.5%). Rhodotorula rubra and Candida sp. among isolated yeast fungi, and dark pigmented fungi represented by Aureobasidium pulhdans and Exophiala spp. were identified. The biological properties of a number of isolated fungi (the potential ability to synthesise important biologically active substances: melanins, carotenoids, lipids) are characterised. Mycobiota of rock communities of Argentine Islands is rich on filamentous and yeast fungi similarly to other regions of Antarctica. A number of fungi investigated are potentially able to synthesise biologically active substances. The dark pigmented species of the genera Cladosporium, Exophiala, Aureobasidium pulhdans, capable of melanin synthesis; ‘red’ yeast Rhodotorula rubra (carotenoid producers and resistant to toxic metals); Mucor circinelloides and Geomyces pannorum, lipid producers, are among these fungi. Yeast-like fungi assimilated a wide range of carbohydrates, which will allow them to be further used for cultivation in laboratory and process conditions. The collection of technologically promising strains of microorganisms, part of the Culture Collection of Fungi at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), is updated with isolated species (strains) of filamentous fungi and yeast – potential producers of biologically active substances, obtained within this study.

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