scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Energy Levels on The Performances of Testicular Development, Live Body Weight and Testosterone Concentration in Ouled Djellal Ram Lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-240
Author(s):  
Zineddine, E. ◽  
Bereksi K. ◽  
Kanoun, K. ◽  
Maï, H.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Ram Lambs

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy levels using calcium salts of fatty acids on nutritive value of diets and milk quality in peripartum dairy goats

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo de Souza ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
Bruna Hygino ◽  
Bruna Susan de Labio Molina ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Dairy Goats

Peripartum is a critical period for dairy goats, as dry matter intake (DMI) is not enough to supply the energy requirement for foetal growth and subsequent lactation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of calcium salts of fatty acids (CSFA) to increase dietary energy level of peripartum dairy goats and its effects on nutritive value of diets and milk quality. Twenty multiparous Saanen goats (body weight 63.5±10.3 kg) were distributed in a completely randomised design in four treatments at the following dietary energy levels: 2.6 Mcal of metabolisable energy per kg of dry matter (Mcal ME/kg DM) - control diet; and 2.7, 2.8, and 2.9 Mcal/kg DM - with added CSFA. Goats were housed in individual stalls and evaluated in the peripartum period, by measuring body weight (BW), DMI, dry matter and nutrient digestibility of diets, blood composition, and milk quality and yield. Increasing dietary energy level to 2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM had no effect on BW and did not limit DMI. CSFA supplementation increased intake of total digestible nutrients and did not affect fibre digestion. Blood triglycerides and cholesterol concentration increased with CSFA addition. The treatments had no effect on milk yield and composition; however, CSFA supplementation changed the fatty acid concentration of milk fat, increasing levels of polyunsaturated and essential fatty acids. In conclusion, peripartum dairy goats supplemented with CSFA to increase dietary energy level up to 2.9 Mcal ME/kg DM had a greater supply of total digestible nutrients and showed altered fatty acid concentration of milk fat.

Effects of Different Protein and Energy Levels in Mixed Feed on Growth Performance and Reproduction Characteristics of Heifers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Bilginturan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Body Depth ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Live Body Weight

Background: In this study, the effects of different protein and energy levels in mixed feed on growth performance and reproduction characteristics of heifers were investigated. Method: The material of the study consisted of 36 Holstein Friesian (black pied) breed cattle at the age of 6 months and average live body weight of 156.65 kg and the experiment was continued for 8 months. During the experiment, four different feeds containing 16% CP - 2500 kcal / kg ME for the 1st group, 16% CP - 2700 kcal / kg ME for the 2nd group, 18% CP - 2500 kcal / kg ME for the 3rd group, 18% HP - 2700 kcal / kg ME for the 4th group were given at 1.5% of the live weight of heifers. (Where CP and ME stand for Crude Protein and Metabolizable Energy, respectively). As roughage, an equal amount of straw and alfalfa hay mixture was given. Result: As a result of this study, the effects of the different protein levels on live body weight and body measurements (body length-BL, withers height-WH, hip height-HH, hip width-HW, body depth-BD, chest girth-CG) were not found significant (P is greater than 0.05). Similarly, the effects of different energy levels on body weight and body measurements (P is greater than 0.05) and protein X energy interaction in terms of live body weight and size were also not found significant (P is greater than 0.05). Regarding the reproductive properties, the differences between the groups in terms of the effect of different protein and energy levels on the first estrus age were found statistically significant (P is less than 0.05). As a result of the analysis made in terms of heifers age during the first insemination, the difference was found to be statistically significant (P is less than 0.05). The effect of different protein and energy levels on the conception rate in the first insemination was found significant (P is less than 0.05). As a result, it was concluded that affordable mixed feed combinations can be used within the limits of mixed feed combinations containing 2500-2700 kcal / kg ME and 16-18% CP, which were given in the investigation; however, low energy-high protein combinations would give more positive results considering their effects on the reproductive performances and conception rates at first insemination.

Puberal development of Clun Forest ram lambs in relation to time of birth

1972 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ó. R. Dýrmundsson ◽  
J. L. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Ram Lambs ◽  
The Right

SUMMARYSome aspects of sexual development and the attainment of puberty in Clun Forest ram lambs were studied during the two seasons 1970–1. Strong correlations existed between parameters of penial, scrotal and testicular development. Sexual development in general appeared to be more closely associated with the body growth than the chronological age of the ram lamb.Nevertheless, marked variation existed in both age and body weight at puberty. Although the majority of the lambs attained this stage of development at 4·5–5 months the age-range extended from 99 to 176 days. The mean body weight at puberty was 32·5 kg, ranging from 24·5 to 38·0 kg. There appeared to be an interaction between chronological age and general body development in relation to the appearance of sperm in the epididymides. Not only did it seem that a certain degree of body growth and testicular size was required before spermatozoa could be released, but also a limit of chronological age below which puberty was not attained. Large differences existed between individual lambs in both testicular and epididymal weights at puberty. There was a high degree of symmetry in growth between the left and the right testes and epididymides.Time of birth influenced the pattern and rate of body growth and sexual development. This seemed to be largely due to seasonal fluctuations in nutritional conditions during rearing but the results obtained do not preclude the possibility that other seasonal factors, such as the daylight environment experienced by the ram lamb, might have a certain limited influence on sexual development.

scholarly journals Dietary Energy Levels from Middle to Late Gestation of Guangdong Small-Ear Spotted Pig: Effects on Body Weight, Muscle Development, and Glucose Metabolism of its Newborn Piglets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengjun Hu ◽  
Yunyu Yang ◽  
Minxia Chen ◽  
Xiangyu Hao ◽  
Shuqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Newborn Piglets

Abstract Background: Guangdong Small-ear Spotted pigs are Chinese indigenous pig that have the characteristic of desired meat quality and resistance to coarse feeding. However, no study has elucidated the effects of dietary energy levels on body weight, muscle development and glucose metabolism of its newborn piglets. Therefore, a total of 66 pregnant gilts with an average body weight of 80.6±6.6 kg at day 60 of gestation were randomly divided into two groups: control group (CON group; 11.50 MJ/kg digestible energy), and high-energy diet group (HE group; 13.42 MJ/kg digestible energy). Results: The results showed that the maternal HE diet was shown to decrease the birth weight of piglets that from the gilts with total or alive litter size of 12 to 13. Additionally, the HE diet group were shown to impair the glucose tolerance of newborn piglets, as evidenced by the glucose tolerance test and the inhibition of insulin signaling pathway in liver and soleus muscle. Despite no significant change in the muscle weight in the two groups, the maternal HE diet was shown to downregulate the protein level of slow-twitch fiber myosin heavy chain I (MyHC I), and upregulate the protein levels of fast-twitch fiber myosin heavy chain IIb (MyHC IIb) and IIx (MyHC IIx) in soleus muscle of their progeny. Furthermore, the newborn piglets in HE group were showed a decrease in mitochondrial biogenesis in liver and soleus muscle when compared to that in CON group. Conclusions: Maternal high-energy diet from middle to late gestation decreases the birth weight of piglets that from the gilts with total or alive litter size of 12 to 13, induces the formation of glycolytic muscle fibers, and impairs glucose tolerance of their newborn piglets.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary energy level on body weight, testicular development and semen quality of local barred chicken of the western highlands of Cameroon

2013 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyrille D’Alex Tadondjou ◽  
Ferdinand Ngoula ◽  
Ferdinand Ngoula ◽  
Henry Fuelefack Defang ◽  
Herve Kuietche Mube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Dietary Energy

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Energy on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Bacterial Community, and Meat Quality of Holstein-Friesians Bulls Slaughtered at Different Ages

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Hang Li ◽  
Fei Wu ◽  
Xinjun Qiu ◽  
Zhantao Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Slaughter Age

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary energy levels on growth performance, rumen fermentation and bacterial community, and meat quality of Holstein-Friesians bulls slaughtered at different ages. Thirty-six Holstein-Friesians bulls (17 months of age) were divided into a 3 × 3 factorial experiment with three energy levels (LE, ME and HE; metabolizable energy is 10.12, 10.90 and 11.68 MJ/kg, respectively) of diets, and three slaughter ages (20, 23 and 26 months). Results indicated that bulls fed with ME and HE diets had higher dry matter intake, average daily gain, and dressing percentage at 23 or 26 months of age. The ME and HE diets also reduced bacterial diversity, altered relative abundances of bacteria and produced lower concentrations of acetate, but higher butyrate and valerate concentrations in rumen fluid. Increasing in dietary energy and slaughter age increased the intramuscular fat (IMF) and water holding capacity. In summary, Holstein-Friesians bulls fed with ME and HE diets, slaughtered at 23 and 26 months of age could be a good choice to produce beef with high IMF. Slaughter age may have less influence than dietary energy in altering fermentation by increasing amylolytic bacteria and decreasing cellulolytic bacteria, and thus, further affecting meat quality.

scholarly journals Determination of Maintenance Energy Requirements for Fattening Castrated Korean Black Goats (Capra hircus coreanae)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543
Author(s):  
Sang-Ho Moon ◽  
Yeong Sik Yun ◽  
Na Yeon Kim ◽  
Sanguk Chung ◽  
Qi Man Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Daily Gain

Twelve adult (10 months old) castrated Korean black goats, with an average initial body weight of 24.98 ± 3.7 kg, were used in this experiment to determine their maintenance energy requirements. Dry matter intakes (g/d, p = 0.945) were not affected by energy levels, but metabolic energy intake (kcal/d, p < 0.002) and average daily gain (g/d, p < 0.001) were significantly increased at higher energy levels. Nutrient digestibility was similar in the treatments, but crude fat digestibility increased with the addition of protective fat powder (p = 0.001). The energy required for fattening the castrated Korean black goats was estimated using the correlation between metabolic energy intake per dietary body weight and average daily gain per dietary body weight. The Y-axis intercept value was calculated to be 108.76 kcal/kg BW0.75 (p < 0.05, r2 = 0.6036), which was the metabolic energy requirement for maintaining the lives of the fattening Korean black goats. The estimated energy requirements of the black goat can improve specification techniques, such as the energy level and the amount of feed supply required for domestic black goats.

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