EFFECT OF ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF MUCUS GLAND OF LAND SNAIL SPECIES

In the last four decades, the several classes of diuretics, currently available for clinical use, have been the first line option for the therapy of widespread cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases. Diuretic drugs generally exhibit an overall favourable risk/benefit balance. However, they are not devoid of side effects. In particular, all the classes of diuretics cause alteration of potassium homeostasis. <p> In recent years, understanding of the physiological role of the renal outer medullary potassium (ROMK) channels, has shown an intriguing pharmacological target for developing an innovative class of diuretic agents: the ROMK inhibitors. This novel class is expected to promote diuretic activity comparable to (or even higher than) that provided by the most effective drugs used in clinics (such as furosemide), with limited effects on potassium homeostasis. <p> In this review, the physio-pharmacological roles of ROMK channels in the renal function are reported, along with the most representative molecules which have been currently developed as ROMK inhibitors.

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Physiological role of endogenous NO in the chicken proventriculus

The Japanese Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0021-5198(19)34810-3 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Takio Kitazawa ◽

Tetsuro Taneike

Keyword(s):

Physiological Role ◽

Chicken Proventriculus

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Caspase-14—From Biomolecular Basics to Clinical Approach. A Review of Available Data

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22115575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 5575

Author(s):

Agnieszka Markiewicz ◽

Dawid Sigorski ◽

Mateusz Markiewicz ◽

Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek ◽

Waldemar Placek

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Skin Barrier ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

Clinical Approach ◽

Search Term ◽

Caspase Family ◽

Skin Conditions ◽

Theoretical Science

Caspase-14 is a unique member of the caspase family—a family of molecules participating in apoptosis. However, it does not affect this process but regulates another form of programmed cell death—cornification, which is characteristic of the epidermis. Therefore, it plays a crucial role in the formation of the skin barrier. The cell death cycle has been a subject of interest for researchers for decades, so a lot of research has been done to expand the understanding of caspase-14, its role in cell homeostasis and processes affecting its expression and activation. Conversely, it is also an interesting target for clinical researchers searching for its role in the physiology of healthy individuals and its pathophysiology in particular diseases. A summary was done in 2008 by Denecker et al., concentrating mostly on the biotechnological aspects of the molecule and its physiological role. However, a lot of new data have been reported, and some more practical and clinical research has been conducted since then. The majority of studies tackled the issue of clinical data presenting the role of caspase in the etiopathology of many diseases such as retinal dysfunctions, multiple malignancies, and skin conditions. This review summarizes the available knowledge on the molecular and, more interestingly, the clinical aspects of caspase-14. It also presents how theoretical science may pave the way for medical research. Methods: The authors analyzed publications available on PubMed until 21 March 2021, using the search term “caspase 14”.

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Binding of C-reactive protein to chromatin and nucleosome core particles. A possible physiological role of C-reactive protein.

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(17)39873-3 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 259 (11) ◽

pp. 7311-7316 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

F A Robey ◽

K D Jones ◽

T Tanaka ◽

T Y Liu

Keyword(s):

Physiological Role ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Nucleosome Core ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Nucleosome Core Particles ◽

Core Particles

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Premating barriers in young sympatric snail species

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84407-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Arina L. Maltseva ◽

Marina A. Varfolomeeva ◽

Arseniy A. Lobov ◽

Polina O. Tikanova ◽

Egor A. Repkin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Flow ◽

Snail Species ◽

Sympatric Populations ◽

Gastropod Species ◽

Shell Size ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Partial Canonical Correspondence Analysis ◽

In The Wild ◽

Isolation Index

AbstractSympatric coexistence of recently diverged species raises the question of barriers restricting the gene flow between them. Reproductive isolation may be implemented at several levels, and the weakening of some, e.g. premating, barriers may require the strengthening of the others, e.g. postcopulatory ones. We analysed mating patterns and shell size of mates in recently diverged closely related species of the subgenus Littorina Neritrema (Littorinidae, Caenogastropoda) in order to assess the role of premating reproductive barriers between them. We compared mating frequencies observed in the wild with those expected based on relative densities using partial canonical correspondence analysis. We introduced the fidelity index (FI) to estimate the relative accuracy of mating with conspecific females and precopulatory isolation index (IPC) to characterize the strength of premating barriers. The species under study, with the exception of L. arcana, clearly demonstrated preferential mating with conspecifics. According to FI and IPC, L. fabalis and L. compressa appeared reliably isolated from their closest relatives within Neritrema. Individuals of these two species tend to be smaller than those of the others, highlighting the importance of shell size changes in gastropod species divergence. L. arcana males were often found in pairs with L. saxatilis females, and no interspecific size differences were revealed in this sibling species pair. We discuss the lack of discriminative mate choice in the sympatric populations of L. arcana and L. saxatilis, and possible additional mechanisms restricting gene flow between them.

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Interphotoreceptor coupling: an evolutionary perspective

Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00424-021-02572-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lorenzo Cangiano ◽

Sabrina Asteriti

Keyword(s):

Visual Information ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Electrical Coupling ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Contact Points ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

The Many ◽

The Impact

AbstractIn the vertebrate retina, signals generated by cones of different spectral preference and by highly sensitive rod photoreceptors interact at various levels to extract salient visual information. The first opportunity for such interaction is offered by electrical coupling of the photoreceptors themselves, which is mediated by gap junctions located at the contact points of specialised cellular processes: synaptic terminals, telodendria and radial fins. Here, we examine the evolutionary pressures for and against interphotoreceptor coupling, which are likely to have shaped how coupling is deployed in different species. The impact of coupling on signal to noise ratio, spatial acuity, contrast sensitivity, absolute and increment threshold, retinal signal flow and colour discrimination is discussed while emphasising available data from a variety of vertebrate models spanning from lampreys to primates. We highlight the many gaps in our knowledge, persisting discrepancies in the literature, as well as some major unanswered questions on the actual extent and physiological role of cone-cone, rod-cone and rod-rod communication. Lastly, we point toward limited but intriguing evidence suggestive of the ancestral form of coupling among ciliary photoreceptors.

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