EFFECT OF TWO ALGAE; CYSTOSEIRA BARBATA AND DICTYOTA DICHOTOMA ON DIGESTIVE GLAND OF BIOMPHALARIA ALEXANDRINA SNAILS.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of dried Cystoseira barbata alga for ethanol production through alcoholic fermentation. The influence of the main factors affecting the fermentation are studied in the frame of a 23 factorial experimental plan. The main factors influencing the process are the fermentation temperature (t from 25 °C to 35 °C), the solid to liquid ratio (S/L from 0.040 g/g to 0.080 g/g), and the cellulase ratio (R from 8 U/g d.m to 16 U/g d.m.). The maximum volatile compounds yield of 0.2808 g/g d.m and ethanol yield of 0.0158 g/g d.m were favored by the following experimental conditions: process temperature of 35 °C, solid to liquid ratio of 0.0415, and enzyme ratio of 16 U/g d.m. A statistical model was used to correlate the product yield with the process factors. Additionally, 19 interesting bioactive compounds were found in the enzymatic hydrolysis and alcoholic fermentation broths which seem likely to maintain natural defence mechanisms against diseases and physical disorders.

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Targeted discovery of glycoside hydrolases from enzymes reservoir of digestive gland Achatina fulica through functional metagenomic strategies

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/1869/1/012007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1869 (1) ◽

pp. 012007

Author(s):

M Kurniawati ◽

A Yunus ◽

H D Ayu ◽

S Subandi ◽

S Suharti

Keyword(s):

Digestive Gland ◽

Glycoside Hydrolases ◽

Achatina Fulica

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Transcriptional Response in the Digestive Gland of the King Scallop (Pecten maximus) after the Injection of Domoic Acid

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13050339 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 339

Author(s):

Pablo Ventoso ◽

Antonio J. Pazos ◽

Juan Blanco ◽

M. Luz Pérez-Parallé ◽

Juan C. Triviño ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Gene Ontology ◽

Immune System ◽

Digestive Gland ◽

Domoic Acid ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Pecten Maximus ◽

System Process ◽

Immune System Process ◽

Response To Stress

Some diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia produce the toxin domoic acid. The depuration rate of domoic acid in Pecten maximus is very low; for this reason, king scallops generally contain high levels of domoic acid in their tissues. A transcriptomic approach was used to identify the genes differentially expressed in the P. maximus digestive gland after the injection of domoic acid. The differential expression analysis found 535 differentially expressed genes (226 up-regulated and 309 down-regulated). Protein–protein interaction networks obtained with the up-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as vesicle-mediated transport, response to stress, signal transduction, immune system process, RNA metabolic process, and autophagy, while networks obtained with the down-regulated genes were enriched in gene ontology terms, such as response to stress, immune system process, ribosome biogenesis, signal transduction, and mRNA processing. Genes that code for cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione S-transferase theta-1, glutamine synthase, pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, and sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 were among the up-regulated genes. Therefore, a stress response at the level of gene expression, that could be caused by the domoic acid injection, was evidenced by the alteration of several biological, cellular, and molecular processes.

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Microwave Assisted Extraction and Pressurized Liquid Extraction of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Fucus virsoides and Cystoseira barbata

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10071481 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1481

Author(s):

Ana Dobrinčić ◽

Sandra Pedisić ◽

Zoran Zorić ◽

Mladenka Jurin ◽

Marin Roje ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Liquid Extraction ◽

Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽

Sulfate Group ◽

Sulfated Polysaccharides ◽

Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Assisted Extraction ◽

Cystoseira Barbata

Sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan isolated from brown algae shows a wide range of biological activities that are significantly dependent on its chemical composition, which is closely related to the applied technique and extraction parameters. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) parameters (solvent, temperature, time, and number of cycles) on the Fucus virsoides and Cystoseira barbata polysaccharide yield (%PS) and chemical composition (total sugar, fucose, and sulfate group). The optimal MAE parameters that resulted in the highest polysaccharide extraction from F. virsoides and C. barbata were 0.1 M H2SO4 for 10 min at 80 °C, while the optimal PLE parameters were 0.1 M H2SO4, for two cycles of 15 min at 140 °C. Furthermore, the %PS, chemical structure, molecular properties, and antioxidant activity of the F. virsoides and C. barbata polysaccharide extracts obtained with MAE, PLE, and conventional extraction (CE) performed under previously determinate optimal conditions were compared. PLE resulted in a significantly higher %PS from F. virsoides, while for C. barbata, a similar yield was achieved with CE and PLE, as well as CE and MAE, for both algae. Furthermore, the polysaccharides obtained using PLE had the highest polydispersity index, fucose, and sulfate group content, and the lowest uronic acid content; however their antioxidant activity was lower.

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