scholarly journals The Intercontinental ‘Omics’ mining of Antibiotic Resistant Genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Adeoti Micheal ◽  
Taiwo Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes

scholarly journals Identification of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Effect of Garlic Ethanolic Extract on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated from Patients in Zabol, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Fazeli-Nasab ◽  
Moharram Valizadeh ◽  
Maryam Beigomi ◽  
Saeide Saeidi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background: Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteriaceae and the Mycobacterium family, including important pathogens, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (i.e., the cause of tuberculosis) and Mycobacterium leprae (i.e., the cause of leprosy). Tuberculosis is still a major cause of death in human societies. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of garlic on Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in Zabol, Iran, and investigate the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: Garlic (Allium sativum) was collected from Zabol, and the ethanolic extract of garlic leaf was obtained. In this study, 50 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were obtained from the patients in Zabol. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Some antibiotics, such as isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, amikacin, streptomycin, and rifampicin, were used for positive control. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted by the sodium dodecyl sulfate method. Furthermore, the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes, namely KatG, PncA, embC, embA1, embA2, embB1, embB2, rrs, rpsL, and ropB, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated using polymerase chain reaction. Results: The lowest MIC and MBC of garlic ethanolic extract against Mycobacterium tuberculosis were 3.25 and 7.5 ppm, respectively. The highest MIC and MBC were 60 and 120 ppm, respectively. Following the investigation of the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it was determined that it contains KatG, PncA, embC, embA1, embA2, ropB, rpsL, rrs, embB2, and embB1 genes. The highest resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was against rifampin (81%) and then amikacin (76.6%) belonging to ropB and rrs genes, respectively. Conclusions: The results of the present study showed that the ethanolic extract of garlic was very effective in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the most effective genes in mycobacteria were ropB and rrs. Although garlic is very effective in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it is not recommended to directly use the results of this study. Therefore, it is required to perform clinical trials to confirm the results.

Thermophilic rather than mesophilic sludge anaerobic digesters possess lower antibiotic resistant genes abundance

2021 ◽  
pp. 124924
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Qiuyan Mao ◽  
Yu-ao Su ◽  
Huimin Zhang ◽  
He Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes

scholarly journals Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Identification in Infected Foot Ulcers

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0002
Author(s):  
Yoonjung Choi ◽  
Irvin Oh
Keyword(s):  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Bacterial Genome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Streptococcus Species ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Standard Culture ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Category: Other Introduction/Purpose: Foot infections are often polymicrobial with diverse microbiomes. Accurate identification of the main pathogen in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) remain challenging due to contamination or negative cultures often leading to ineffective post-surgical antibiotic treatment. Application of molecular diagnostics, such as next generation sequencing (NGS) has been explored as an alternative to standard culture in orthopaedic infections. NGS is highly sensitive and detects an entire bacterial genome along with pharmacologic resistant genes in a given sample. We sought to investigate the potential use of NGS for accurate diagnosis and quantification of various species in infected DFU. We hypothesize that NGS will provide a more accurate means of diagnosing and profiling microorganisms in infected DFU compared to the standard culture method. Methods: We investigated 30 infected DFU patients who underwent surgical treatment by a single academic orthopaedic surgeon from October 2018 to September 2019. The average age of the patient was 60.4 (range 33-82) years-old. Surgical procedures performed were irrigation and debridement (12), toe or ray amputation (13), calcanectomies (4), and below-knee amputation (1). Infected bone specimens were obtained intraoperatively and processed for standard culture and NGS. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the bacterial burden present in the sample. DNA was amplified by PCR from a highly conserved region of the rRNA gene in the bacteria (16S rRNA). Once a high level of DNA was generated and determined, it was compared against NIH GenBank database. Concordance between the standard culture and NGS was assessed. Results: In 28 of 29 patients, pathogens were identified by both NGS and culture, with complete consistency of organisms in 13 cases (concordance rate: 43.3%). NGS provided relative quantitative measures and the presence of antibiotic resistant genes for each pathogen. In NGS, Anaerococcus species (79.3%) was the most common organism, followed by Streptococcus species (44.8%), Prevotella species (44.8%), Finegoldia magna (44.8%). In culture, S. aureus (58.6%) was the most common, followed by Streptococcus species (34.5%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (24.1%), Corynebacterium species (20.7%). On average, NGS revealed 5.1 (1-11) number of pathogens, whereas standard culture revealed 2.6 (1-6) pathogens in a given sample. NGS identified 2 cases with false positive standard culture and detected antibiotic resistant organisms in 15 specimens. Conclusion: NGS is an emerging method of microbial identification in orthopedic infection. It is particularly helpful in profiling diverse microbes in polymicrobial infected DFU. It can identify major pathogens and may correct false positive or false negative culture. NGS may allow a faster invitation of postoperative targeted antibiotic therapy. [Table: see text]

Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Pathogens Shed by Wild Deer Correlate with Land Application of Residuals

EcoHealth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane W. Rogers ◽  
Carrie E. Shaffer ◽  
Tom A. Langen ◽  
Michael Jahne ◽  
Rick Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Land Application ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Wild Deer

Graphdiyne-Based One-Step DNA Fluorescent Sensing Platform for the Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Its Drug-Resistant Genes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (39) ◽  
pp. 35622-35629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Chang ◽  
Lijun Huang ◽  
Chaozhong Guo ◽  
Guoming Xie ◽  
Jiaqiang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Fluorescent Sensing ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
One Step

scholarly journals Characterization of wastewater effluents in the Danube River Basin with chemical screening, in vitro bioassays and antibiotic resistant genes analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 420-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikiforos A. Alygizakis ◽  
Harrie Besselink ◽  
Gabriela K. Paulus ◽  
Peter Oswald ◽  
Luc M. Hornstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
In Vitro Bioassays ◽  
Danube River Basin ◽  
Screening In Vitro
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