scholarly journals The process of Islamization of modern Turkish society in modern Turkish literature (on the example of Orhan Pamuk’s works)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-575
Author(s):  
Apollinaria S. Avrutina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Turkish Literature ◽  
European Values ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Orhan Pamuk ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Turkish Society

The article is an analysis of the work of the Turkish Nobel Laureate in Literature for 2006, Orhan Pamuk, in the context of the development of modern Turkish society. In recent decades, a process of moderate Islamization has been observed in Turkey, and if until the end of the 1990s the country aspired to Europe, the European community, and officially turned mainly to European values, now there is a reverse movement. European values to a certain extent dominated Turkish literature of the 20th century: various types of freedoms, equality and women’s rights, the secularization of society — the main themes of the leading Turkish novels of the 20th century. It is surprising that the current processes are rather poorly reflected in modern literature. Orhan Pamuk, one of the youngest Nobel laureates and the most famous Turkish writer of the 20th–21st centuries, is a liberal and supporter of Eurocentrism. At the beginning of his career, he played the role of the continuer of the work of a whole galaxy of Turkish authors, whose gaze, despite the difference in political convictions, was focused only on the West and its culture. However, now the diachronic analysis of all his novels shows a reflection of the current serious social changes. In recent novels, Orhan Pamuk, following Turkish society, demonstrates the inclination of his protagonists towards traditional Muslim values. It is obvious that what is happening is a general phenomenon, an example of a deep tendency in the Middle East Muslim culture in general.

scholarly journals Post- Modern elements in the novels of Chetan Bhagat

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Dr. Radha ◽  
Dr. Premalatha. C 
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Real Life ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Western Philosophy ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Distant Observer ◽  
Post Modernism ◽  
The Difference

Postmodernism is a Western philosophy, a late 20th-century movement characterized by broad skepticism, subjectivism, or relativism; a general suspicion of reason; and an acute sensitivity to the role of ideology in asserting and maintaining political and economic power”.Post-Modernists are independent while expressing their ideas, they never drop their statements and theory. It is more personal than identify with some other categories. The post-modernism was started in America around 16th century later it extended to Europe and other countries.Post-modern civilization fails to accept the modification between high and low class. There is a little place for modernism, originality or individual thinking. Bhagat has concentrated on the preconceptions of toppers, however there is more to life than these things your family, your friends, your internal desires and goals and the grades you get in dealing with each of these areas will define you as a person.The post-modernism has defused the difference between good and bad, moral and immoral, right and wrong. If there is a choice to select modern generation would not hesitate to go for one which is traditionally named as bad. Bhagat imbibed all these qualities in his writing. His characters go against the traditional customs and values. Bhagat represents intricate, deeply engrained socio-cultural complications of multicultural India, light-heartedly. He wishes readers to giggle at themselves, at their stupidities, their partialities, and their wrong-actions; not as a member but as a distant observer. He doesn’t bout them directly, but through fiction he attempts to understand their errors and gives a chance to rectify in the real life. Bhagat’s linking story telling method and the funny situations appeal readers.

scholarly journals William Golding's Free Fall as a Künstlerroman

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arab World English Journal ◽  
Noura Al-Madi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Art School

Psychoanalysis has been a research field for authors a long time ago. The human psyche is complicated; it is a mix of emotions, instincts, actions ad reactions. The 20th century is revolutionary, new inventions and discoveries were trending, with the new way of living people started to lose faith. William Golding's Free Fall as Künstlerroman is tracing the development of the artist Sammy Mountjoy's character from childhood until he matures. The things he faced and the factors that reshaped his life. He was chastened by suffering as he learned from the school of life. In this non-thesis paper, a study of the character of Sammy as he grows up is explored with examining the factors that affected his personality. The introduction illustrates Künstlerroman as a subgenre of Bildungsroman and explains them as a theoretical framework, the difference between them and their characteristics. Also, it discusses psychoanalysis definition. Chapter I will focus on Sammy's childhood living in Rotten Row and his friends, the role of his parents and moving to the art school where he met Beatrice. Chapter II will discuss Sammy the man when he was investigated in prison. It deals with mature Sammy who wants to fix his mistakes and feels free from guilt.

A Diachronic Analysis of the Religious Role of the Woman in Euskal Herria: The Serora and her Helpers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn M Frank
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
High Status ◽  
Religious Institution ◽  
Hypothetical Model ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Way ◽  
The Catholic Church

<p>In the churches of Euskal Herria there exists today a religious institution of great antiquity and one that clearly demonstrates the high status traditionally afforded to the female in Basque culture. The serora, also referred to as sorora, freila, benoîte, benedicta and beata, is a woman who acts as an adjunct to the priest in the ritual activities of the Catholic Church. In the 20th century her continuing presence represents an anachronism and anomaly when viewed in light of repeated decisions by the Catholic hierarchy concerning the officially approved role of women in the Church. The morphology of this institution will be viewed from two perspectives. First, it will be analyzed synchronically as a set of functions or structures constituting the field of activity of the serora. Then, in order to understand the significance of the survival of these functions, a diachronic approach will be utilized to trace their evolution back into the indigenous religious structures and associated patterns of belief. Having established a hypothetical model for the pre-existing morphology of the institution, it will be possible to describe the way in which the earlier set of structures was modified by increasing contact with the forms and contents of Christianity. With the passage of time the formative elements of the indigenous substratum become overlaid and modified by their fusion with Christianity. Nonetheless, as will be demonstrated, the syncretistic processes at work allowed the earlier structures to survive under the guise of what are understood to be Christian rituals and symbols. Thus, the original indigenous patterns continued to function as generative infrastructures latent even in their modern counterparts. In the latter sections of the paper the duties and responsibilities of the serora are compared with those associated with the Beguines and a new etymology of the term “Beguine” is put forward.</p>

scholarly journals Universal Constructivism and Politics: Torres-García in Conversation with Siqueiros

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Visconti
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Visual Culture ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Visual Language ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Difference

This essay seeks to extend the discussion of 20th-century Modernism in a Latin American context by juxtaposing the work of Uruguay's Joaquín Torres-García with the radical leftist politics of the Mexican Muralist movement. As part of this argument, the difference between textual and visual language is discussed as well as the role of monuments in the creation of history and cultural identity. Finally, it concludes with a brief talk on the visual culture of Fascist Italy and the issue of mapping as it pertains to nationalistic sentiment.

The role of differential phase contrast in electron microscopy

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-177
Author(s):  
E.M. Waddell ◽  
J.N. Chapman ◽  
R.P. Ferrier
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Position Vector ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Pure Phase ◽  
Differential Phase Contrast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Image Position ◽  
First Moment

Dekkers and de Lang (1977) have discussed a practical method of realising differential phase contrast in a STEM. The method involves taking the difference signal from two semi-circular detectors placed symmetrically about the optic axis and subtending the same angle (2α) at the specimen as that of the cone of illumination. Such a system, or an obvious generalisation of it, namely a quadrant detector, has the characteristic of responding to the gradient of the phase of the specimen transmittance. In this paper we shall compare the performance of this type of system with that of a first moment detector (Waddell et al.1977).For a first moment detector the response function R(k) is of the form R(k) = ck where c is a constant, k is a position vector in the detector plane and the vector nature of R(k)indicates that two signals are produced. This type of system would produce an image signal given bywhere the specimen transmittance is given by a (r) exp (iϕ (r), r is a position vector in object space, ro the position of the probe, ⊛ represents a convolution integral and it has been assumed that we have a coherent probe, with a complex disturbance of the form b(r-ro) exp (iζ (r-ro)). Thus the image signal for a pure phase object imaged in a STEM using a first moment detector is b2 ⊛ ▽ø. Note that this puts no restrictions on the magnitude of the variation of the phase function, but does assume an infinite detector.

On the Role of Transferrin in 67Ga Uptake by Tumor Cells

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (04) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
P. Thouvenot ◽  
F. Brunotte ◽  
J. Robert ◽  
L. J. Anghileri
Keyword(s):  
Specific Binding ◽  
Subcellular Fractionation ◽  
Animal Blood ◽  
Tumor Bearing ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Sarcoma Cells ◽  
In Vitro Uptake

In vitro uptake of 67Ga-citrate and 59Fe-citrate by DS sarcoma cells in the presence of tumor-bearing animal blood plasma showed a dramatic inhibition of both 67Ga and 59Fe uptakes: about ii/io of 67Ga and 1/5o of the 59Fe are taken up by the cells. Subcellular fractionation appears to indicate no specific binding to cell structures, and the difference of binding seems to be related to the transferrin chelation and transmembrane transport differences

The Great Reform and the Fate of Capitalism in Russia (On the 150th Anniversary of the Emancipation Reform)

2011 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
In The Beginning

The paper deals with the problem of the establishment of capitalism in Russia in the late 19 - early 20th centuries. Using a wide array of historical research and documents the author argues that the thesis on the advanced state of capitalism in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century does not stand up to historical scrutiny, and the role of the famous Emancipation reform of 1861 appears to be of limited importance.

REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN CONDUCTIVE MEDIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
M. S. Sudakova ◽  
M. L. Vladov ◽  
M. R. Sadurtdinov
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Direct And Inverse Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ideal Dielectric

Within the ground penetrating radar bandwidth the medium is considered to be an ideal dielectric, which is not always true. Electromagnetic waves reflection coefficient conductivity dependence showed a significant role of the difference in conductivity in reflection strength. It was confirmed by physical modeling. Conductivity of geological media should be taken into account when solving direct and inverse problems, survey design planning, etc. Ground penetrating radar can be used to solve the problem of mapping of halocline or determine water contamination.

Speculative Realism and Science Fiction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Willems
Keyword(s):  
Science Fiction ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Cormac Mccarthy ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
Speculative Realism ◽  
Neil Gaiman ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Quentin Meillassoux

A human-centred approach to the environment is leading to ecological collapse. One of the ways that speculative realism challenges anthropomorphism is by taking non-human things to be as valid objects of investivation as humans, allowing a more responsible and truthful view of the world to take place. Brian Willems uses a range of science fiction literature that questions anthropomorphism both to develop and challenge this philosophical position. He looks at how nonsense and sense exist together in science fiction, the way in which language is not a guarantee of personhood, the role of vision in relation to identity formation, the difference between metamorphosis and modulation, representations of non-human deaths and the function of plasticity within the Anthropocene. Willems considers the works of Cormac McCarthy, Paolo Bacigalupi, Neil Gaiman, China Miéville, Doris Lessing and Kim Stanley Robinson are considered alongside some of the main figures of speculative materialism including Graham Harman, Quentin Meillassoux and Jane Bennett.

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