scholarly journals A Kaleidoscopic Gaze of India through Julio Barrenechea’s oeuvre

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mala Shikha ◽  
◽  
Ranjeeva Ranjan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Indian Experience ◽  
Latin American Intellectuals

Latin American intellectuals have included India in their imagination since the advent of Modernism, a turn-of-the-century movement in the early 20th century. Nevertheless, the idea of India in Latin American imagination has been primarily mediated through a rather fixed European lens. Within the body of Latin American scholarly encounters, the works of Julio Barrenechea are worth mentioning. They have not been critically examined extensively in academia. The present study is an attempt to reflect upon the works of the author that resulted from his experiences during his sojourn as the Ambassador of Chile in India. He wrote Sol de la India, which was published in 1969 in New Delhi, during his stay in India. Another work titled La India no misteriosa based on his Indian experience was published posthumously in 1982 in Santiago. The first work is a collection of poems while the latter is in prose. Barrenechea has described with grace and sympathy the spiritual greatness of India but at the same time, he engaged critically with the distressing social and economic realities of the nation. In the present study, the researchers analyze the theme of his works encompassing India, which as such incorporate an essentially “Chilean gaze”.

scholarly journals IDEAS ABOUT NATIONAL IDENTITY IN RUSSIAN LITERARY REVIEW, HISTORICAL AND LITERARY DISCOURSES OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 680-685
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Krylov
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Further Development

This article analyses the evolution of literary reflections among the representatives of the 19th-early 20th-century trends and schools where ideas on national literature distinctness were formed. The study specifies both an invariant of the notions of national literature identity and individual variations that did not find further development in literary self-awareness. The essays of the 1870-80s suggest that there was formed an image of the original literature opposed to European literature. A new impetus to the problem of national identity in literature was attached to the era of the Silver Age; however, the analysis of the literary review, historical and literary discourses of the turn of the century leads to the conclusion that it was in this era that the ideology of literary centrism was further strengthened, and the exclusive status of Russian literature in culture received detailed reflection.

Diagramming Practice and Performance

10.1068/d51j ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek P McCormack
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Rhythmic Movement ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Architectural Theory ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
And Performance

In this paper I seek to apprehend some of the powers of nonrepresentational practice and performance through an encounter with the rhythmic movement of the body. I concentrate on eurhythmics, a practice that emerged in Geneva in the late 19th century and early 20th century as an effort to improve musical appreciation through rhythmic movement. Drawing on work in cultural and architectural theory, I argue that the historical and cultural geographies of eurhythmics can best be apprehended diagrammatically. Specifically, I situate eurhythmics in diagrammatic relation to the corporeal kinaesthetics of rhythmic movement, to practices of social and cultural transformation, and to architectures of performative potential. By apprehending the geographies of eurhythmics in this way, I not only work to demonstrate that nonrepresentational styles of thinking and working multiply rather than undermine the field of power in which geographers move, but also present a sense of how these powers can become implicated in the very practice and performance of geographical research.

Defectives at the World's Fair

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES W. TRENT
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
World's Fair ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
American Imperialism ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT From displays of so-called defectives and primitives at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, early 20th-century authorities shaped a definition of abnormality that they showed to a curious public. Complementing these displays were discourses about disability that proposed schemes for education, custody, sterilization, and even extermination. Like the displays of defectives, the discourses about defectives paralleled discourses about primitive races that appeared at the turn of the century to rationalize American imperialism. Together, the displays and discourses of defectives and primitive races shaped an understanding of science and education. In so doing, they also provided American elites a way of distinguishing between improvable and unimprovable inferiors (see Note).

APPROACHES TO TELEPATHY IN RUSSIA IN THE LATE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-115
Author(s):  
Vassa A. Pyatkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Academic Science ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Scientific Terminology ◽  
Common Trend ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
Human Psyche

The article describes a variety of approaches to realizing the phenomenon of telepathy in Russia in the late 19th – early 20th century. Telepathy kindled interest of scientists, occultists, members of religious groups and general public. Reasons behind the interest towards this phenomenon varied in each specific case. Scientists viewed telepathy as a phenomenon that was worth exploring, and created theories that would explain it. At the same time, some of them regarded such studies as a way of justifying the possibility of life outside of a physical body. Telepathic experiments aimed to prove the independence of human psyche from the body were also conducted by those not associated with academic science. Occultists preferred describing the phenomenon of telepathy without resorting to scientific terminology and used occult anthropological concepts instead. In popular occultism represented by mentalism, telepathy was viewed as a practice capable of improving the quality of living. Christian spiritualists and some representatives of Orthodox clergy took interest in telepathy as a means of proving the immortality of soul. Moreover, they used the telepathy theory to justify the efficacy of traditional religious practices, in particular the prayer. Despite of the variances in the reasons behind the interest towards telepathy and in its explanations, the interest to this phenomenon reflected a common trend of that age towards rethinking the anthropology

Rozanov, Vasily (1856–1919)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Secondary School Teacher ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Original Thinker

Leading writer, publicist, literary critic, and philosopher in late 19th- and early 20th-century Russia, Rozanov was born in Vetluga, Russia, in 1856, and remained in the provinces as a secondary school teacher until 1893, when he gained a civil service post in St. Petersburg, Russia. A prolific and original thinker, Rozanov’s path-breaking ideas on sexuality, religion, and the family made him one of the most controversial figures of his day. Writing at a time when Russian journalism was highly partisan, Rozanov confounded his contemporaries by publishing contradictory views in liberal and conservative journals. Around the turn of the century, Rozanov became preoccupied with the mystical nature of sexuality in ancient pagan and Jewish religious practice.

scholarly journals Anthropology and the politics of alterity: A Latin American dialectic and its relevance for ontological anthropologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 146349962110301
Author(s):  
Sian Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political History ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Theoretical Innovation ◽  
American Intellectual ◽  
Ontological Turn

Recent anglophone ontological anthropologies have an important Latin American intellectual and political history that is rarely fully acknowledged. This article outlines some of that history, arguing that debates about the politics of this ‘ontological turn’ should be read in the context of a tension between political economy and cosmological approaches that have been a feature of Latin American anthropology in some form since the early 20th century, and that are deeply implicated in histories of conquest and colonialism, including internal colonialism. This conceptual history helps to explain both the desire of some scholars to avoid a certain kind of politicisation and the argument that methodological and theoretical innovation within anthropology is political in itself. But it also means that ontological anthropology encounters some of the same challenges faced by indigenous movements confronted with similar choices.

scholarly journals “Jephthah’s Daughter” by Amy Beach: the Biblical World in the Words of a Woman

ICONI ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Sofiya V. Sysolyatina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
American Composers ◽  
Religious Subject ◽  
The Subject

The article examines from the positions of musical content by means of analysis of the musical and poetical the composition “Jephthah’s Daughter” by Amy Beach, an American composer of the late 19th and early 20th century, a member of the “Boston six” — a group of American composers of the turn of the century, also known as the New England School, among which Amy Beach was the only woman. “Jephthahʼs Daughter” is a concert aria for voice and orchestra, which is interesting in the context of the composer’s musical legacy, as well as an exemplary composition of its era. The aria is devoted to the Biblical subject matter or, more precisely, the well-known Old Testament plot of the sacrifi ce of the daughter of the Israelite judge Jephthah. Besides the analysis of the musical fabric, the article examines the author’s approach to the subject of the principle of the choice of the material and the work with the textual sources — the Biblical story and the French poem, which comprised the basis of the aria’s text. As a result, the conclusion is arrived at about the composer’s artistic intentions and about the conceptual component of the work. The article contains information about Amy Beach’s biography, her artistic approach, her attitude to religious subject matter and social problems of the society contemporary to her, in particular, the issues of equal rights for women.

scholarly journals Penelusuran Jejak Musik Instrumental dalam Naskah Sunda Kuna

Manuskripta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Ilham Nurwansah
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ritual Process

Abstract: Until the early 20th century, the Sundanese region was considered to have no musical history, even though such information contained, among others, the Old Sundanese script. Not many researches on the history of Sundanese music have used Old Sundanese textual sources. This paper discusses aspects of instrumental music found in Old Sundanese texts including terms used to refer to music and the types of musical instruments used. The sources used are Old Sundanese texts from the pre-Islamic period between the 15th and 17th centuries AD. Several Old Sundanese musical instruments are still known and used today with or without changes. Others are no longer known. Old Sundanese musical instruments are played alone or in groups, either on a stage or a parade. Its function is to accompany entertainment and also to accompany the ritual process. The basic material for the body of the musical instrument used is generally bronze metal and wood, including bamboo. --- Abstrak: Hingga awal abad ke-20 wilayah Sunda dianggap tidak memiliki sejarah musik, padahal informasi demikian antara lain terdapat dalam naskah Sunda Kuna. Penelitian sejarah musik Sunda pun tampaknya belum banyak yang menggunakan sumber tekstual Sunda Kuna. Tulisan ini membahas aspek-aspek musik instrumental yang terdapat pada teks-teks Sunda Kuna mencakup istilah yang digunakan untuk menyebut musik dan jenis-jenis alat musik yang digunakan. Sumber-sumber yang digunakan yaitu teks Sunda Kuna dari masa pra-Islam antara abad ke-15 sampai abad ke-17 M. Beberapa instrumen musik Sunda Kuna masih dikenal dan digunakan hingga sekarang dengan atau tanpa perubahan. Sebagian lainnya sudah tidak dikenal. Instrumen musik Sunda kuna ada yang dimainkan sendiri maupun berkelompok, baik pada sebuah panggung maupun parade. Fungsinya untuk mengiringi hiburan dan juga mengiringi proses ritual. Bahan dasar badan alat musik yang digunakan umumnya berupa logam perunggu dan kayu-kayuan, termasuk bambu. Keywords: Old Sundanese, music, instrumental. Kata Kunci: Sunda Kuna, musik, instrumental.

The Superorganism

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Robert E. Page
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Insects ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
The Body ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Insect Societies ◽  
Real Entity ◽  
William Morton Wheeler

Insect societies have been likened to superorganisms since the early 20th century because they are organized around defense, nutrition, and reproduction, like our own bodies. Like individual organisms, they undergo development and separate the germ line (eggs and sperm in our case) from the body cells, the soma. In social insects, the germ line is sequestered in the reproductive individuals, while the body cells are the non-reproductive workers. The superorganism was proposed by William Morton Wheeler as a real entity but instead was used primarily as a metaphor, a structure for hanging analogies with human organisms and societies. Throughout the 20th century there were many twists and turns in the definition and use of the superorganism concept and many questions regarding its usefulness.

EDMOND YAFIL AND ANDALUSI MUSICAL REVIVAL IN EARLY 20TH-CENTURY ALGERIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Glasser
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
Music Making ◽  
The Social ◽  
Performance Tradition ◽  
Muslim Spain

AbstractEdmond Yafil was a key figure in the early 20th-century Algerian revival of Andalusi music, a high-prestige urban performance tradition linked to medieval Muslim Spain. Yafil's experiments with printing, transcription, audio recording, amateur associations, concert-hall performance, and new composition helped transform the production, consumption, and circulation of Andalusi music. Although Yafil was widely respected, his reputation was fraught with ambiguity during his lifetime and has remained so since. While not divorced from his position as a Jew in turn of the century Algiers, Yafil's ambiguity is best understood within the context of the complex Andalusi musical milieu of his day. This study of Yafil shows revival to have been a gloss for a partial but far-reaching shift in the social basis of Andalusi music making and calls for a broader rethinking of the familiar concept of revival in North Africa and the Middle East and beyond.

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