scholarly journals IDEAS ABOUT NATIONAL IDENTITY IN RUSSIAN LITERARY REVIEW, HISTORICAL AND LITERARY DISCOURSES OF THE 19TH – EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 680-685
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Krylov
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Individual Variations ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Further Development

This article analyses the evolution of literary reflections among the representatives of the 19th-early 20th-century trends and schools where ideas on national literature distinctness were formed. The study specifies both an invariant of the notions of national literature identity and individual variations that did not find further development in literary self-awareness. The essays of the 1870-80s suggest that there was formed an image of the original literature opposed to European literature. A new impetus to the problem of national identity in literature was attached to the era of the Silver Age; however, the analysis of the literary review, historical and literary discourses of the turn of the century leads to the conclusion that it was in this era that the ideology of literary centrism was further strengthened, and the exclusive status of Russian literature in culture received detailed reflection.

scholarly journals The Literary Canon in the Russian Magazine and Newspaper Cartoons of the late 19th - early 20th centuries

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-150
Author(s):  
Elena S. Sonina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Editorial Policy ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Maxim Gorky ◽  
Visualization Techniques

An enormous amount of research has been devoted to studying the Russian classics. Nevertheless, the issue of reflecting social ideas about the writers whose works were included into the Russian literary canon has been insufficiently studied, especially with regard to satirical graphics. Caricature in the legitimate press is considered to be a popular visual art, with the image of a Russian writer demonstrating the attitude of society towards his work. The purpose of this paper is to study the frequency of the portrayals of Russian writers in the satirical graphics of the early 20th century, which are viewed as a reflection of the established (and constantly updated) literary canon of Russia. Our objectives include identifying the images of Russian writers found in the satirical graphics, comparing the visualization techniques used to portray the authors in the caricatures of the 19th and early 20th centuries, highlighting the visual motifs used to contrast the literature of the past and the contemporary magazine issues and pointing out the persistent satirical characterizations and tropes of the images of famous writers, depending on the periodical. On the basis of a selective scan of 25 thin magazines and two newspapers published from 1877 to 1917, more than 200 caricatures and satirical cartoons were identified, including benevolent and spiteful caricatures of Alexander Pushkin, Nikolai Gogol, Nicolai Nekrasov, Leo Tolstoy, Maxim Gorky and many others. The cartoons held the readers’ interest in their literary work, forming the people’s attitude towards the human qualities of the writers and highlighting their personality among the rest of their peers. The prevalence of humor or satire was directly related to the historical context, either to the works of a particular writer, the editorial policy of publications or the position of a caricaturist. The cartoons of the early 20th century reflect the social atmosphere of the Silver Age: creative, critical, nervous and overthrowing the idols of the bygone eras. The article would prove useful for literary critics, historians of journalism and visual content researchers interested in the Russian pre-revolutionary press.

The Phonetics of Fish and Chips in New Zealand

1997 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Bell
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Fluent Speakers

Centralization of the short /I/ vowel (as in KIT) is regarded by both linguists and lay observers as a defining feature of New Zealand English and even of national identity, especially when contrasted with the close front Australian realization. Variation in the KIT vowel is studied in the conversation of a sociolinguistic sample of 60 speakers of NZE, structured by gender, ethnicity (Maori and Pakeha [Anglo]) and age. KIT realizations are scattered from close front through to rather low backed positions, although some phonetic environments favour fronter variants. All Pakeha and most Maori informants use centralized realizations most of the time, but some older Maori speakers use more close front variants. This group is apparently influenced by the realization of short /I/ in the Maori language, as these are also the only fluent speakers of Maori in the sample. Close front realizations of KIT thus serve as a marker of Maori ethnicity, while centralization marks general New Zealand identity. Centralized /I/ appears to have been established in NZE by the early 20th century

Defectives at the World's Fair

1998 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES W. TRENT
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
World's Fair ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
American Imperialism ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Understanding Of Science ◽  
Definition Of

ABSTRACT From displays of so-called defectives and primitives at the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair, early 20th-century authorities shaped a definition of abnormality that they showed to a curious public. Complementing these displays were discourses about disability that proposed schemes for education, custody, sterilization, and even extermination. Like the displays of defectives, the discourses about defectives paralleled discourses about primitive races that appeared at the turn of the century to rationalize American imperialism. Together, the displays and discourses of defectives and primitive races shaped an understanding of science and education. In so doing, they also provided American elites a way of distinguishing between improvable and unimprovable inferiors (see Note).

scholarly journals Postmodern Tendencies in the Russian Poetry of the “Silver Age”

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-140
Author(s):  
Ihor Chornyi ◽  
Viktoriia Pertseva ◽  
Viktoriia Chorna ◽  
Olena Horlova ◽  
Oleksandra Shtepenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Evolutionary Features ◽  
Russian Poetry ◽  
And Performance ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the article analyses certain aspects of Russian poetry of the “Silver Age” in order to identify the rudiments or features which are characteristic of the postmodern creative paradigm. It is noted that a number of poets almost do not have any postmodernist tendencies. Despite the fact it is proved that postmodernism denies the personality-centric and aesthetically oriented concept of modernism, it nevertheless arose on the basis of modernism and has sharpened evolutionary features formulated in the first half of the 20th century. The article aims to prove a hypothesis that arises in the authors during a preliminary perceptual reading of the poets` works of the “Silver Age”: in the early 20th century. Sporadically and consistently in individual authors can be observed irony, play, reconstruction and performance as precursor of postmodernist creative thinking. Specialties of the Russian poetry of the “Silver Age”, which directly correlate with postmodernist tendencies of the second half of the 20th century is not a description itself, but the realization of reality, ambivalence, as well as following the linguistic and figurative, conceptual, motive levels of gradual transitions between the paradigms of “symbolism – modernism” and “modernism – postmodernism”. The international significance of the article is that the material of one of the Eastern European literatures has proved the existence of postmodern (quasi-postmodern) features in the first half of the 20th century for the first time, which can serve as a deeper research in the field of literary typology, continuity; culturology and anthropology.

scholarly journals The Metamorphoses of Impressionism at the Turn of the Centuries

ICONI ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Demchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Artistic Creativity

The concept of the “Silver Age” is usually correlated with certain phenomena of the Russian artistic culture of the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. However, it is absolutely clear that this was not a purely national phenomenon and it is appropriate to spread its “geography” onto analogous artefacts of the entire European space of that time. Upon close examination it turns out that many aesthetic components of the late 19th and early 20th century developed under the auspices of the “Silver Age”: late Romanticism, Symbolism, the so-called Decadence, the Moderne Style, etc., — everything which were characterized with brightly expressed personalized accents, individual-subjective predilections and various degrees of aesthetization of artistic creativity. The author of the article considers that similar assertions are also applicable in regard to many sides of Impressionism — one of the most infl uential artistic directions of these years, especially in its late stage. But fi rst of all the article specifi es certain questions of evolution of this direction and its substance, since we must frequently confront with an excessively expansive understanding of this conception.

scholarly journals Which America? Brazilian intellectual formulations about Latin America at the turn of the century and their impacts on the constructions of national identity

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Rafael Rossotto Ioris
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
National Identity ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Unified View ◽  
Historical Relation ◽  
Brazilian History

At the turn of the 20th century, with the coming of a new political regime in the country, Brazilians intellectuals actively engaged in a creative reflection about the historical relation of their nation with its surrounding Spanish-speaking neighbors. And although no unified view was to emerge, as a whole these works and ensuing debates offered an opportunity for these publicly engaged writers to reinsert, under a new yet still largely critical light, the regional context into much needed discussions on national identity and associated national projects. How this new dynamic operated and how they are situated within the long-term of Brazilian history are the focus of this study. Keywords: Intellectuals. Latin America.National identity.

Rozanov, Vasily (1856–1919)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Secondary School Teacher ◽  
Literary Critic ◽  
The Family ◽  
Original Thinker

Leading writer, publicist, literary critic, and philosopher in late 19th- and early 20th-century Russia, Rozanov was born in Vetluga, Russia, in 1856, and remained in the provinces as a secondary school teacher until 1893, when he gained a civil service post in St. Petersburg, Russia. A prolific and original thinker, Rozanov’s path-breaking ideas on sexuality, religion, and the family made him one of the most controversial figures of his day. Writing at a time when Russian journalism was highly partisan, Rozanov confounded his contemporaries by publishing contradictory views in liberal and conservative journals. Around the turn of the century, Rozanov became preoccupied with the mystical nature of sexuality in ancient pagan and Jewish religious practice.

The Russian Silver Age: Dionysianism Versus Principium Individuationis

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Oleg A. Matveychev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Important Idea ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Cultural Reality ◽  
Original Concept

The article examines the existence, development and historical fate of the famous Nietzschean antithesis “Apollonian and Dionysian” in Russian culture of the late 19th - early 20th century. The author considers reasons for the true triumph of Nietzsche in Russia during the Silver Age and the peculiarities of the reception of his ideas by the Russian intelligentsia. The emphasis in the work is on the ideas of V. Ivanov - the main guide, herald and living embodiment of the idea of Dionysianism in Russia (the works of almost all other authors who addressed this topic were written under his influence). The main stages of the formation of his original concept of the cult of Dionysus, perceived by Ivanov as a primarily a religious phenomenon, are analyzed (the thinker refuses to use the concepts “Apollonian” and “Dionysian” as metaphors to describe a particular cultural reality). Ivanov's most important idea was the presentation of the cult of Dionysus and the “religion of the suffering god” as a “preparation” for Christianity. In the "restoration" of the Dionysian cult, Ivanov sees the way to overcome the crisis of the modern world, based on the principium individuationis.

scholarly journals “Jephthah’s Daughter” by Amy Beach: the Biblical World in the Words of a Woman

ICONI ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Sofiya V. Sysolyatina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Old Testament ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
American Composers ◽  
Religious Subject ◽  
The Subject

The article examines from the positions of musical content by means of analysis of the musical and poetical the composition “Jephthah’s Daughter” by Amy Beach, an American composer of the late 19th and early 20th century, a member of the “Boston six” — a group of American composers of the turn of the century, also known as the New England School, among which Amy Beach was the only woman. “Jephthahʼs Daughter” is a concert aria for voice and orchestra, which is interesting in the context of the composer’s musical legacy, as well as an exemplary composition of its era. The aria is devoted to the Biblical subject matter or, more precisely, the well-known Old Testament plot of the sacrifi ce of the daughter of the Israelite judge Jephthah. Besides the analysis of the musical fabric, the article examines the author’s approach to the subject of the principle of the choice of the material and the work with the textual sources — the Biblical story and the French poem, which comprised the basis of the aria’s text. As a result, the conclusion is arrived at about the composer’s artistic intentions and about the conceptual component of the work. The article contains information about Amy Beach’s biography, her artistic approach, her attitude to religious subject matter and social problems of the society contemporary to her, in particular, the issues of equal rights for women.

scholarly journals Temporary marriage as Russian literary pattern in the 19th – early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
A. A. Bogoderova ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Barrier ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Madame Butterfly ◽  
Temporary Marriage ◽  
Husband And Wife

The paper deals with the subject of temporary marriage between Russian sailors and Japanese women in fictional and non-fictional literature. The literary pattern of temporary marriage includes time limitation of the marriage, the language or/and cultural barrier and the man’s leaving at the end. The time limitation sometimes makes one or both spouses consider this marriage as legal, but “not true.” There are two main variants of the pattern in Russian travel notes of the 19th − early 20th century. The first is the positive one (A. Krasnov, D. Schreider, and N. Bartoshewsky). Both husband and wife are kind-hearted people, their family life is pure and real, although they do not entirely understand each other’s language. The second is the negative one (F. Knorring, D. Armfelt, G. de Vollan, and Vinogradov). Husband and wife are both pragmatic, rational, and cold, with the whole tradition turning into a sort of prostitution and insincere comedy. The plot variants, with one of the spouses being pragmatic, mercantile and cruel, and another loving, faithful, and suffering, are not common. Yuzhakov’s travel notes include such a rare case. The asymmetrical variant was more popular in Western fiction (Madame Butterfly). Russian fiction prefers the positive variant of the pattern. In short stories by D. Persky and M. Volkonsky, the authors transform the motives from Madame Chrysanthème by P. Loti and Madame Butterfly by J. L. Long by showing the Russians as noble people and achieving a happy end wherever possible.

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