scholarly journals Seasonal effects of controlled drainage on field water balance and groundwater levels

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Salo ◽  
Aleksi Salla ◽  
Harri Koivusalo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Field Water Balance

Abstract Adaptive water management solutions such as controlled drainage have raised interest in Nordic areas due to climate variability. It is not fully known how controlled drainage affects seasonal field water balance or can help in preventing water scarcity during dry growing seasons (GSs). The objective was to simulate the effects of controlled drainage on field hydrology using a well-tested, process-based hydrological model. The FLUSH model was calibrated and validated to an experimental field. The model performance with non-local input data was moderate but acceptable for running the controlled drainage scenarios to test the response of the water management method to meteorological forcing. Simulation results showed that controlled drainage reduced drain discharge while increasing surface layer runoff and shallow groundwater outflow. Groundwater depths from the scenario simulations demonstrated that controlled drainage could keep the depth closer to the soil surface, but the effect diminished during the dry conditions. Controlled drainage can be used to change the water flow pathways but has a secondary effect compared with the primary meteorological drivers. The field data set and FLUSH formed a novel computational platform to study the impacts of different water management options on the whole water balance and spatial variability of groundwater depths.

scholarly journals Measurements of the water balance components of a large green roof in the greater Paris area

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1025-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Antoine Versini ◽  
Filip Stanic ◽  
Auguste Gires ◽  
Daniel Schertzer ◽  
Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Water Balance Components ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Paris Area ◽  
Substrate Heterogeneity

Abstract. The Blue Green Wave of Champs-sur-Marne (France) represents the largest green roof (1 ha) of the greater Paris area. The Hydrology, Meteorology and Complexity lab of École des Ponts ParisTech has chosen to convert this architectural building into a full-scale monitoring site devoted to studying the performance of green infrastructures in storm-water management. For this purpose, the relevant components of the water balance during a rainfall event have been monitored: rainfall, water content in the substrate, and the discharge flowing out of the infrastructure. Data provided by adapted measurement sensors were collected during 78 d between February and May 2018. The related raw data and a Python program transforming them into hydrological quantities and providing some preliminary elements of analysis have been made available. These measurements are useful to better understand the hydrological processes (infiltration and retention) conducting green roof performance and their spatial variability due to substrate heterogeneity. The data set is available here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3687775 (Versini et al., 2019b).

Combined consideration for decentralised non-potable water supply from local groundwater and nutrient load reduction in urban drainage

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1289-1297 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Barron ◽  
A. Barr ◽  
M. Donn ◽  
D. Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Potable Water Supply

Integrated analysis of land use change and its effect on catchment water balance allows the selection of appropriate water and land management options for new urban developments to minimise the environmental impacts of urbanisation. A process-based coupled surface water-groundwater model was developed for Southern River catchment (Perth, Western Australia) to investigate the effect of urban development on catchment water balance. It was shown that urbanisation of highly permeable flat catchments with shallow groundwater resulted in significant increase in net groundwater recharge. The increased recharge creates the opportunity to use local groundwater resources for non-potable water supply with the added advantage of reducing the total discharge from new urban developments. This minimises the environmental impacts of increased urbanisation, as higher discharge is often associated with greater nutrient loads to receiving environments. Through the used of water balance modelling it was demonstrated that there are both water and nutrient benefits from local groundwater use in terms of reduced nutrient exports to receiving waters and additional water resources for non-potable water supply.

Wetter, but not wet enough – limited greenhouse gas mitigation effects of submerged drains and blocked ditches in an intensively used grassland on fen peat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Heller ◽  
Peter Gatersleben ◽  
Sebastian Oehmke ◽  
Ullrich Dettmann ◽  
Melanie Bräuer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
First Year ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The North ◽  
Fodder Quality ◽  
Additional Release

<p>The vast majority of peatlands in the North German Plain are cultivated as grassland. Intensive drainage measures are a prerequisite for conventional agricultural use of peatlands, but this practice causes high emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), mainly carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>). Thus, raising the water levels is necessary to reduce or stop CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. Water management options such as submerged drains (SD) and ditch blocking (DB) are discussed as a potential compromise between maintaining the trafficability for intensive grassland use and reducing the GHG emissions. Furthermore, grassland renewal is regularly practiced to improve the fodder quality for dairy farming; however, this might cause additional release of GHGs, especially nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O). Here, we present results of a four-year study on the GHG emissions from an intensively used grassland on fen peat equipped with SD and DB. Additionally, the effect of grassland renewal by shallow ploughing and direct sowing was evaluated.</p><p>The target groundwater levels were set to -0.30 m below ground. In the first year, the water management system was optimized. In the following years, mean annual water levels at the parcels with SD were -0.23 m and at the parcels with DB -0.37 m. The groundwater level at the SD parcels was around 0.18 m higher than at the conventionally drained control parcels. Thus, water management by SD enabled us to even surpass the target water levels. However, year two and three of the study were dryer than usual, the differences between the SD parcels and the control parcels are expected to be lower in wet years. DB, in contrast, raised the water levels only marginally.</p><p>During the first three years, control parcels with ditch drainage emitted 27-49 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>. This is within the typical range of emissions from grasslands on fen peat in Germany. On average, the parcels with SD showed slightly lower emissions than the drained control parcels, but these were highly variable (16-60 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>). Due to similar groundwater levels the emissions from the parcel with DB (23-43 t CO<sub>2</sub>-eq. ha<sup>-1</sup> a<sup>-1</sup>) were comparable to the drained control parcels. Reasons for the high CO<sub>2</sub> emissions despite increased groundwater levels by SD remain so far unclear. Both types of grassland renewal lead to higher N<sub>2</sub>O emissions during the first year after renewal. Afterwards, effects became ambiguous.  </p><p>Results from the fourth measurement year (2020) will be presented as well. So far, the data seems to support the results of the previous years.</p>

scholarly journals High-frequency monitoring of water fluxes and nutrient loads to assess the effects of controlled drainage on water storage and nutrient transport

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Rozemeijer ◽  
A. Visser ◽  
W. Borren ◽  
M. Winegram ◽  
Y. van der Velde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Passive Samplers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Groundwater Storage ◽  
Groundwater Levels

Abstract. High nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fluxes from upstream agriculture threaten aquatic ecosystems in surface waters and estuaries, especially in areas characterized by high agricultural N and P inputs and densely drained catchments like the Netherlands. Controlled drainage has been recognized as an effective option to optimize soil moisture conditions for agriculture and to reduce unnecessary losses of fresh water and nutrients. This is achieved by introducing control structures with adjustable overflow levels into subsurface tube drain systems. A small-scale (1 ha) field experiment was designed to investigate the hydrological and chemical changes after introducing controlled drainage. Precipitation rates and the response of water tables and drain fluxes were measured in the periods before the introduction of controlled drainage (2007–2008) and after (2009–2011). For the N and P concentration measurements, auto-analyzers for continuous records were combined with passive samplers for time-averaged concentrations at individual drain outlets. The experimental setup enabled the quantification of changes in the water and solute balance after introducing controlled drainage. The results showed that introducing controlled drainage reduced the drain discharge and increased the groundwater storage in the field. To achieve this, the overflow levels have to be elevated in early spring, before the drain discharge stops due to dryer conditions and falling groundwater levels. The groundwater storage in the field would have been larger if the water levels in the adjacent ditch were controlled as well by an adjustable weir. The N concentrations and loads increased, which was largely related to elevated concentrations in one of the three monitored tube drains. The P loads via the tube drains reduced due to the reduction in discharge after introducing controlled drainage. However, this may be counteracted by the higher groundwater levels and the larger contribution of N- and P-rich shallow groundwater and overland flow to the surface water.

scholarly journals Controlled drainage under two climate change scenarios in a flat high-latitude field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksi Salla ◽  
Heidi Salo ◽  
Harri Koivusalo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reference Interval ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Controlled Drainage ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Field Water Balance

Abstract This simulation study focused on the hydrological effects of climate change and controlled drainage operated with subsurface drains and an open collector ditch in an agricultural field. The objective was to understand the potential of controlled drainage and open ditch schemes for managing groundwater levels and field water balance in climate conditions projected to take place in Finland during the 21st century with representative concentration pathways 8.5 and 2.6. A methodological aim was to find ways to condense hourly hydrological results to understand future changes in field hydrology. During the historical reference interval (1970–2005), controlled drainage caused 17–36 cm higher mean groundwater levels and decreased the mean annual drain discharge by 11–23% compared to conventional subsurface drainage. Controlled drainage was projected to increase groundwater levels by additional 1–4 cm in the future compared to its effect on drainage during the reference interval. The effect on annual drain discharge did not change significantly. The open collector ditch lowered groundwater tables and diminished the effect of controlled drainage on groundwater levels in the vicinity of the ditch. Controlled drainage was shown to remain an effective method for countering early summer drought and reducing drain discharge.

scholarly journals Modelling the hydrological interactions between a fissured granite aquifer and a valley mire in the Massif Central, France

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud Duranel ◽  
Julian R. Thompson ◽  
Helene Burningham ◽  
Philippe Durepaire ◽  
Stéphane Garambois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Variation Partitioning ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Groundwater Seepage ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Mineral Soils

Abstract. The contribution of groundwater to the hydrology of hard rock regions has long been assumed to be small. This is being progressively challenged and conceptual hydrological models of headwater wetlands in these regions may need to be revised. We developed a high-resolution MIKE SHE/MIKE 11 model of a 231.3 ha headwater catchment in the granitic uplands of the French Massif Central to estimate the contribution of groundwater upwelling to the water balance of the Dauges mire, an acidic valley mire of international importance for nature conservation. We estimated that groundwater upwelling from the underlying granite weathering formations – mostly an approximately 55  m deep fissured zone – provides 27.1 % of total long-term inflows to the mire. This contribution increases to 37.2 % in September when total inflows are small. Overland boundary inflow accounts for an average of 40.2 % of total inflows. However most of this originates from groundwater seepage through mineral soils along the mire margins or in small unchannelized valleys upslope of the mire. A sensitivity analysis showed that model performance in terms of the simulation of mire groundwater levels was most sensitive to parameters describing the mineral soils and granite weathered formations rather than the overlying peat layer. Variation partitioning showed that groundwater upwelling was the most important factor driving simulated monthly groundwater table depth within the mire. Sustained groundwater upwelling maintains the mire water table close to or at ground level for most of the year. As a result, precipitation and overland boundary inflows are mostly evacuated as saturation-excess runoff. There was close agreement between the observed distribution of mire habitats and areas where the simulated long-term groundwater seepage rate was larger than zero in September. Groundwater upwelling from the underlying weathered formations can be a quantitatively important and functionally critical element of the water balance of valley mires in granitic headwater catchments. These results have important legal and management implications.

scholarly journals Data Augmentation Using Generative Adversarial Network for Automatic Machine Fault Detection Based on Vibration Signals

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2166
Author(s):  
Van Bui ◽  
Tung Lam Pham ◽  
Huy Nguyen ◽  
Yeong Min Jang
Keyword(s):  
Fault Detection ◽  
Data Augmentation ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Fault Classification ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Generative Adversarial Network ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Adversarial Network ◽  
Machine Fault

In the last decade, predictive maintenance has attracted a lot of attention in industrial factories because of its wide use of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence algorithms for data management. However, in the early phases where the abnormal and faulty machines rarely appeared in factories, there were limited sets of machine fault samples. With limited fault samples, it is difficult to perform a training process for fault classification due to the imbalance of input data. Therefore, data augmentation was required to increase the accuracy of the learning model. However, there were limited methods to generate and evaluate the data applied for data analysis. In this paper, we introduce a method of using the generative adversarial network as the fault signal augmentation method to enrich the dataset. The enhanced data set could increase the accuracy of the machine fault detection model in the training process. We also performed fault detection using a variety of preprocessing approaches and classified the models to evaluate the similarities between the generated data and authentic data. The generated fault data has high similarity with the original data and it significantly improves the accuracy of the model. The accuracy of fault machine detection reaches 99.41% with 20% original fault machine data set and 93.1% with 0% original fault machine data set (only use generate data only). Based on this, we concluded that the generated data could be used to mix with original data and improve the model performance.

scholarly journals Hospital acquired pressure injury prediction in surgical critical care patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Alderden ◽  
Kathryn P. Drake ◽  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Jonathan Dimas ◽  
Mollie R. Cummins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Classification Algorithms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
Surgical Icu ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Abstract Background Hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPrIs) are areas of damage to the skin occurring among 5–10% of surgical intensive care unit (ICU) patients. HAPrIs are mostly preventable; however, prevention may require measures not feasible for every patient because of the cost or intensity of nursing care. Therefore, recommended standards of practice include HAPrI risk assessment at routine intervals. However, no HAPrI risk-prediction tools demonstrate adequate predictive validity in the ICU population. The purpose of the current study was to develop and compare models predicting HAPrIs among surgical ICU patients using electronic health record (EHR) data. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, we obtained data for patients admitted to the surgical ICU or cardiovascular surgical ICU between 2014 and 2018 via query of our institution's EHR. We developed predictive models utilizing three sets of variables: (1) variables obtained during routine care + the Braden Scale (a pressure-injury risk-assessment scale); (2) routine care only; and (3) a parsimonious set of five routine-care variables chosen based on availability from an EHR and data warehouse perspective. Aiming to select the best model for predicting HAPrIs, we split each data set into standard 80:20 train:test sets and applied five classification algorithms. We performed this process on each of the three data sets, evaluating model performance based on continuous performance on the receiver operating characteristic curve and the F1 score. Results Among 5,101 patients included in analysis, 333 (6.5%) developed a HAPrI. F1 scores of the five classification algorithms proved to be a valuable evaluation metric for model performance considering the class imbalance. Models developed with the parsimonious data set had comparable F1 scores to those developed with the larger set of predictor variables. Conclusions Results from this study show the feasibility of using EHR data for accurately predicting HAPrIs and that good performance can be found with a small group of easily accessible predictor variables. Future study is needed to test the models in an external sample.

Regional Water Balance and Economic Assessment as Tools for Water Management in Coastal Lebanon

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2361-2378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel El Chami ◽  
Maroun El Moujabber ◽  
Alessandra Scardigno
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Regional Water
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