scholarly journals Determinants of household water demand: a cross-sectional study in South West Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. O. Oyerinde ◽  
H. E. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residential Water Demand ◽  
Site Access ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Residential Water ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

Abstract Estimating residential water demand in developing countries is complicated by the unique nature of water supply, characterised by unequal access and multiple water sources. Using cross-sectional data obtained from a survey of 1,300 households, the determinants of residential water demand were predicted using a multiple linear regression model. The determinants include access to water, household size, trip number, monthly income, payment for water, educational qualification, trip time and house type. The determinants predicted daily water consumption with an F(9, 1,014) = 81.063, P < 0.05, R2 = 0.450. Daily water consumption was found to be 2.8 times more per household and 4.4 times more per capita for those with on-site access, compared to those with off-site access. Moreover, consumption was influenced by the various water source categories.

scholarly journals The socioeconomic determinants of sustainable residential water consumption in Athens: empirical results from a micro-econometric analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Kostakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Seemingly Unrelated Regression ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Residential Water Demand ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Water

AbstractThis paper provides empirical evidence on the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on residential water consumption. The case of Athens is taken as an example for the empirical investigation, using data from the 2019 Household Budget Survey. Employing ordinary, two- and three-stage least squares, seemingly unrelated regression equations and simultaneous quantile specifications, we found that residential water demand is highly price inelastic. Furthermore, empirical results show that water consumption is positively related to household age while more educated households and unemployed persons seem to follow more environmentally friendly behaviour with respect to water demand. Income, gender, house ownership and population density seem to insignificantly affect residential water demand. Our empirical findings might have important national and regional policy implications in the design of sustainable water demand management.

scholarly journals Voluntary Management of Residential Water Demand in Low and Middle-Low Income Homes: A Pilot Study of Soacha (Colombia)

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Rocío Acosta Alarcón ◽  
Juan Rodríguez ◽  
Harn Kua
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Residential Water Demand ◽  
Educational Campaigns ◽  
Residential Water

The efficient use of water in urban contexts becomes a priority in the face of population growth and the potential vulnerability of water supply as a result of the impacts of climate change. This pilot study focuses on the use of educational strategies to promote the voluntary management of residential water demand. Three schools in the municipality of Soacha (Colombia) were involved, where students from 12 to 15 years old participated as promoters of water consumption educational campaigns within their families, covering a total of 120 low and middle-income families. Three intervention strategies (that is, a virtual platform, learning activities, and graphical tools) were carried out. The effects of these intervention strategies on changes in the water consumption were analyzed to establish the dependence of this variable with socio-demographic, economic, environmental and quality of life factors. Different information gathering tools were used, such as validated local water utility bills, surveys and self-reports. The graphical tools reduced consumption by 14%, but other strategies did not show significant reductions. However, according to self-reported data, all educational campaigns did have positive outcomes on the participants’ behavior. It was found that socioeconomic factors, such as type of housing, socioeconomic strata, living in a rented home, and quality of life variables (such as enjoying nature and culture, good and fluid family relationships, and material possessions) significantly affected the changes in water consumption behavior.

Examining the effectiveness of residential water demand-side management policies in Israel

Water Policy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lavee ◽  
Y. Danieli ◽  
G. Beniad ◽  
T. Shvartzman ◽  
T. Ash
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Educational Tool ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Residential Water Demand ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Water

Increasing global water shortage is enhancing the need for water management policies, such as water demand policies. This study presents the main water demand-side management policies implemented in Israel, designed to reduce water demand in the urban sector, and subsequently examines their effectiveness by an econometric model, based on residential water consumption data. The main findings indicate that, among the economic policy tools, a smooth increase of water tariffs was not effective, while a drought surcharge led to a significant reduction in residential water demand. Educational policy tools also significantly reduced water demand, though the daily report on the Kinneret water level (a long-term educational tool) had a larger effect on residential water consumption than awareness campaigns (a short-term educational tool). These results may assist policymakers to make informed decisions regarding the implementation of such policy tools.

scholarly journals Residential water demand modeling in Queensland, Australia: a comparative panel data approach

Water Policy ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 427-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Worthington ◽  
Helen Higgs ◽  
Mark Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Water Demand ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Residential Water Demand ◽  
Access Charge ◽  
Fixed Charges ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Marginal Prices ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Residential Water

This paper uses monthly data from eleven local governments to model residential water demand in Queensland, Australia from 1994 to 2004. In the sample, residential consumption is charged using a variety of structures including fixed charges without allowance, fixed charges with allowance and excess rates, two-part tariffs comprising an access charge and a flat consumption rate, and multi-part tariffs with an access charge and two or more limits with increasing consumption rates. Water demand is specified as average monthly household water consumption and the demand characteristics include the marginal and average price of water and daily average maximum temperatures and rainfall. The findings confirm residential water as price inelastic, more responsive to average than marginal prices, and more responsive to changes in temperature than rainfall. The results also suggest that cross-sectional variation in demand is related to local government-specific factors.

scholarly journals Increase in Daily Household Water Demand during the First Wave of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Germany

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 260
Author(s):  
Deike U. Lüdtke ◽  
Robert Luetkemeier ◽  
Michael Schneemann ◽  
Stefan Liehr
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Similar Time ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

Precautionary measures and governmental regulations during the COVID-19 pandemic’s first wave have drastically altered daily activities and hence water consumption patterns. Many people had to change their working routines, the organization of childcare and hygiene practices. While first evidence appears on the impacts of COVID-19 on, e.g., carbon emissions, energy demand and water treatment, even indicating an unexpected increase in water consumption during that period, no study has investigated the pandemic’s sole and in-depth implications for water supply so far. This paper investigates hourly and daily water consumption volumes of a utility in northern Germany for the first wave of the pandemic. We performed a linear mixed model to compare the 2020 daily water consumption volumes with previous years. We eliminated the effects of climate using Bayesian statistic in order to carve out and estimate the original COVID-19 effect. We also compared hourly water consumption of similar time periods and calculated the percentage difference between 2020 and the two previous years. Our results reveal about 14.3% (3 968 m3) higher residential water consumption per day with higher morning and evening demand peaks during the day. We hypothesis that the reasons for the increasing water demand may be found in changed behavioral routines with an important question for water utilities, if and which of these new dynamics may persist after COVID-19 and hence pose a challenge for long-term infrastructure planning.

More Water Please, It's Getting Hot! The Effect of Climate on Residential Water Demand

2015 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 1550007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Residential Water Demand ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Residential Water Consumption ◽  
Residential Water

Climate change is expected to alter the supply and demand for water in the residential sector. Existing studies exploit the differences in climate across seasons mostly in North America and Europe, and identify changes in consumption levels attributed only to households' short-term responses. The results from models that simulate household consumption of water are sensitive to the parameters that govern the behavior of climate variables and household responses in the upcoming decades, and fail to consider short-term determinants of water consumption. The findings in the literature suggest an inexistent or small effect of climate on residential water demand. This paper studies the relationship between climate conditions and residential water consumption that corresponds to households' long-term adaptation to climate, while controlling for the effect of short-term determinants of water demand. I take advantage of the geographic variation in climate conditions across municipalities of Ecuador to identify the effect of temperature, precipitation and humidity on water demand. I adopt average prices and an IV technique to address the endogeneity problem between water prices and quantities that arise from the use of increasing-block water tariffs. I find a large and significant effect of temperature on residential water demand, whereas precipitation and humidity have a small effect. Temperature also has a stronger effect on water demand among low-income households.

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERFORMANS TERNAK BABI FASE STARTER

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Alfred Tamawiwy ◽  
M. Najoan ◽  
J S Mandey ◽  
F. N Sompie
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Daily Water Consumption

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF UTILIZATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) IN THE DIET ON PIG PERFORMANCE. Utilization of fats and oils in pig diets is of great importance due to their high energy value. VCO is obtained by cold press processing of the kernel from the coconut fruit. Utilization of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in the diets on pig performance.  The present study was designed to elaborate the effect of utilization of VCO in the diets on energy and protein digestibility of growing pigs. The experiment was conducted using 20 castrated male pigs aged 1.5 - 2.0 months weighing 12,0±2,0 kg. The data were analyzed according to the linear model procedure for ANOVA appropriate for Randomized Block Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Treatments were formulated as follow: R0 = 100% control diet + 0% VCO; R1 = 99.5% control diet + 1.0% VCO; R2 = 98.0% control diet + 2.0% VCO; R3 = 97.0% control diet + 3.0% VCO; and R4 = 96.0% control diet + 4.0% VCO. Parameters measured were: daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption. The results showed that the utilization of VCO up to 4% in the diets had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on daily feed intake, daily gain, daily water consumption of pigs. It can be concluded that the addition of VCO up to 4.0% in the diets has no significant meaning on pig performance.   Key words: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), Performance, Growing pigs  

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