Case study of treatment of waste water for 17α-ethinylestradiol and microorganisms with UV and photocatalysis in an on-going process of introducing AOP techniques in the Danish water sector

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Madsen ◽  
E. G. Søgaard
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Current System ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Uv Lamps ◽  
Danish Water

Failure to obtain a sufficient disinfection of waste water, initiated an investigation of the use of UV light and photocatalysis with TiO2 for treating the waste water. Furthermore, the ability of such a system to degrade endocrine disrupting chemicals was investigated through experiments with the estrogen 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). This study found LP UV lamps to be the optimal solution for disinfection, while photocatalysis with TiO2 was found to be the best method for removal of EE2. The experiments were carried out in a mobile test unit with solution volumes of 30 L. By use of data from the real UV system, the effect found in the experiments were extrapolated and used to evaluate the efficiency of the current system.

scholarly journals Bisphenol A Effects on Mammalian Oogenesis and Epigenetic Integrity of Oocytes: A Case Study Exploring Risks of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Eichenlaub-Ritter ◽  
Francesca Pacchierotti
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Mammalian Female ◽  
Harsh Conditions

Bisphenol A (BPA), originally developed as a synthetic oestrogen, is nowadays extensively used in the production of polymeric plastics. Under harsh conditions, these plastics may release BPA, which then can leach into the environment. Detectable concentrations of BPA have been measured in most analysed samples of human serum, plasma, or urine, as well as in follicular fluid, foetal serum, and amniotic fluid. Here we summarize the evidence about adverse BPA effects on the genetic and epigenetic integrity of mammalian oocytes. We conclude that increasing evidence supports the notion that low BPA concentrations adversely affect the epigenome of mammalian female germ cells, with functional consequences on gene expression, chromosome dynamics in meiosis, and oocyte development. Specific time windows, during which profound chromatin remodelling occurs and maternal imprints are established or protected, appear particularly vulnerable to epigenetic deregulation by BPA. Transgenerational effects have been also observed in the offspring of BPA-treated rodents, although the epigenetic mechanisms of inheritance still need to be clarified. The relevance of these findings for human health protection still needs to be fully assessed, but they warrant further investigation in both experimental models and humans.

Mass spectrometric analytical methods for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs)

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Stehmann ◽  
R.J.W. Meesters ◽  
Horst Fr. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Electron Impact ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Impact Ionisation ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Chemical Ionisation

This paper describes a method for the determination of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in waste water. The method involves a SPE-C18 extraction followed by a SPE-silica gel column clean up and elution of the analytes with a mixture of acetone/pentane (2+1). Thereafter derivatisation of the analytes with heptafluorobutyric acid anhydride (HFBA) and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with positive electron impact ionisation (EI) or negative chemical ionisation (NCI) using methane as reactant gas was performed. The two different ionisation techniques were compared and the negative chemical ionisation technique proved significant lower limits of detection (LODs) and quantitation (LOQs) than positive electron impact ionisation. Recoveries of the analytes in various spiked waste water samples ranged from 75.4 to 96.9%. The concentrations of the EDCs in feed waste water from three different waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) ranged from non-detectable up to a concentration of 10,305 ng/L for 4-NP and in the corresponding effluent samples from non-detectable to 723 ng/L for BPA.

Environmental Regulation and Enforcement: Structures, Processes and the Use of Data for Fraud Detection

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louie Rivers ◽  
Tamara Dempsey ◽  
Jade Mitchell ◽  
Carole Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Current System ◽  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Organisational Learning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Environmental Agency

Several major environmental programmes require regulated entities to measure and self-report pollutant levels to state regulatory agencies. This data is used to assess compliance, but critics suggest that it could be used more effectively to detect fraud in self-reports, a criminal offense. Efforts to develop and implement fraud detection tools are restricted by a lack of knowledge regarding how regulatory and enforcement systems operate in regulatory agencies and whether/how data is used, particularly for fraud detection. To address this gap in knowledge, we conducted a case study of these issues in one state environmental agency. We triangulate interview, focus group and observational data to describe the current system and assess points in the system in which data is being used. We draw upon organisational learning theory to suggest the ways to use data more effectively in the future, particularly to improve fraud detection.

Case Study of Particle-Related UV Shielding of Microorganisms When Disinfecting Unfiltered Surface Water

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond E. Cantwell ◽  
Ron Hofmann ◽  
Jennie L. Rand ◽  
Patrick M. Devine ◽  
Monique VanderMarck
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Uv Disinfection ◽  
Particle Count ◽  
Uv Reactor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Uv Lamps

Abstract The goal of this case study was to provide pilot-scale information about the ability of ultraviolet (UV) light to disinfect unfiltered surface water. A pilot-scale (0.25 L/s) UV reactor with low-pressure UV lamps was installed on raw water entering an aqueduct from the Pardee Reservoir at the East Bay Municipal District, California. A pilot monitoring system also collected hourly particle count (2 to 100 m), turbidity, and ultraviolet transmittance (UVT) measurements for 14 months. Grab microbial samples were collected and analyzed for indigenous total coliforms and total aerobic spores (TAS) both before and after UV disinfection, to correlate survival of the organisms across the UV reactor to water quality characteristics. Concentrations of indigenous coliforms and TAS ranged up to 163 and 1,383 per 100 mL respectively, before UV exposure. The data showed that the ability of UV to disinfect coliforms was essentially unaffected by the presence of particles (up to 703>10 m per mL and 1.3 nephelometric turbidity unit [NTU]) in the unfiltered surface water. In 13 of 14 samples, no coliforms were detected in the UV treated water. Log-linear inactivation of TAS up to 2.5-log suggests that at least 99.6% of the TAS were not protected from UV disinfection by particles.

The impact of Airbnb on a non-touristic city. A Case study of short-term rentals in Santa Cruz de Tenerife (Spain)

Erdkunde ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Marcus Hübscher ◽  
Juana Schulze ◽  
Felix zur Lage ◽  
Johannes Ringel
Keyword(s):  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Web Scraping ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The Impact

Short-term rentals such as Airbnb have become a persistent element of today’s urbanism around the globe. The impacts are manifold and differ depending on the context. In cities with a traditionally smaller accommodation market, the impacts might be particularly strong, as Airbnb contributes to ongoing touristification processes. Despite that, small and medium-sized cities have not been in the centre of research so far. This paper focuses on Santa Cruz de Tenerife as a medium-sized Spanish city. Although embedded in the touristic region of the Canary Islands, Santa Cruz is not a tourist city per se but still relies on touristification strategies. This paper aims to expand the knowledge of Airbnb’s spatial patterns in this type of city. The use of data collected from web scraping and geographic information systems (GIS) demonstrates that Airbnb has opened up new tourism markets outside of the centrally established tourist accommodations. It also shows that the price gap between Airbnb and the housing rental market is broadest in neighbourhoods that had not experienced tourism before Airbnb entered the market. In the centre the highest prices and the smallest units are identified, but two peripheral quarters stand out. Anaga Mountains, a natural and rural space, has the highest numbers of Airbnb listings per capita. Suroeste, a suburban quarter, shows the highest growth rates on the rental market, which implies a linkage between Airbnb and suburbanization processes.

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