The Role of Water Balance Modelling in the Transition to Low Impact Development

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Graham ◽  
Laura Maclean ◽  
Dan Medina ◽  
Avinash Patwardhan ◽  
Gabor Vasarhelyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Control Approach

Abstract Low impact development (LID) is increasingly being viewed by local governments and developers alike as a viable approach to stormwater management that can effectively protect aquatic habitat and water quality. LID relies on distributed runoff management measures that seek to control stormwater volume at the source by reducing imperviousness and retaining, infiltrating and reusing rainwater at the development site. Early conventional stormwater management practices tended to focus on stormwater quantity and controlling a few extreme rainfall events, whereas the more frequent storms, which represent the majority of total runoff volume, carry most of the pollutants, and control the geomorphology of streams, were addressed in stormwater quality design practiced during the last decade. These frequent events are most effectively managed with a volume control approach, often described as stormwater source control or Low impact development (LID). Such an approach is described in this paper, demonstrating how water balance modelling can be an effective tool for evaluating and supporting implementation of LID options such as bioretention, pervious paving, numerous types of infiltration systems, rainwater reuse and green roofs. It also discusses recently developed water balance modelling software, including an Internet-based planning tool and a design optimization tool.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of low-impact development for urban inundation risk mitigation under different scenarios: a case study in Shenzhen, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2525-2536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Wu ◽  
Rui Yang ◽  
Jing Song
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
High Hazard ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Hazard Levels

Abstract. The increase in impervious surfaces associated with rapid urbanization is one of the main causes of urban inundation. Low-impact development (LID) practices have been studied for mitigation of urban inundation. This study used a hydrodynamic inundation model, coupling SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) and IFMS-Urban (Integrated Flood Modelling System–Urban), to assess the effectiveness of LID under different scenarios and at different hazard levels. The results showed that LID practices can effectively reduce urban inundation. The maximum inundation depth was reduced by 3 %–29 %, average inundation areas were reduced by 7 %–55 %, and average inundation time was reduced by 0 %–43 % under the eight scenarios. The effectiveness of LID practices differed for the three hazard levels, with better mitigation of urban inundation at a low hazard level than at a high hazard level. Permeable pavement (PP) mitigated urban inundation better than green roofs (GRs) under the different scenarios and at different hazard levels. We found that more implementation area with LID was not necessarily more efficient, and the scenario of 10 % PP+10 % GR was more efficient for the study area than other scenarios. The results of this study can be used by local governments to provide suggestions for urban inundation control, disaster reduction, and urban renewal.

Rainwater Management to Mitigate the Effects of Development on the Urban Hydrologic Cycle

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bradford ◽  
Chris Denich
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Hydrologic Cycle ◽  
Porous Pavement ◽  
Rainwater Management ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Stream Erosion

Traditional stormwater management approaches that rely on rapid conveyance and end-of-pipe detention have not adequately mitigated the effects of urbanization on water resources and the aquatic and human communities that rely upon them. Low-impact development techniques that can support a shift to management of the post-development hydrologic cycle and runoff volumes offer better opportunities to prevent stream erosion and protect groundwater recharge, characteristics of the flow regime and water quality. The application and design of four techniques—porous pavement, bioretention cells, green roofs and rainwater harvesting— in the management of the post-development water balance are presented.

National LID Atlas: A Collaborative Online Database of Innovative Stormwater Management Practices

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Dickson ◽  
Cary B. Chadwick ◽  
Chester L. Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Green Infrastructure ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Stormwater Management Practices

AbstractAny strategy to protect coastal and marine resources needs to address the issue of polluted runoff, particularly urban runoff generated by development. Low impact development (LID) practices, also known as green infrastructure, have been shown to be very effective in mitigating the impacts associated with stormwater runoff from development. On-the-ground examples of LID implementation, both good and bad, are needed to help local officials and others overcome the natural reticence to embrace new technologies or approaches and encourage or even require their use. The National LID Atlas is an interactive tool that provides these real local examples of LID implementation throughout the country on the Internet in an easy-to-use Google Maps™ Mashup. The members of the National NEMO (Nonpoint Source Education for Municipal Officials) Network and other outreach educators collaboratively built the Atlas and continue to add new projects to it. Local officials, developers, contractors, homeowners, and others can use the site to find examples of LID implementation in their state or region and resources for finding out more detailed information.

scholarly journals Analysis of Alternatives for Sustainable Stormwater Management in Small Developments of Polish Urban Catchments

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10189
Author(s):  
Joanna Boguniewicz-Zabłocka ◽  
Andrea G. Capodaglio
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Financial Incentive ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Green Roofs ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Urban Catchments ◽  
Sustainable Stormwater Management

Sustainable stormwater management approaches in accordance with the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) allow a source control to handle the quality and quantity of the runoff at local level or near the source. The most popular technologies applied in Europe are green roofs, porous pavements, retention basins and bioswales/raingardens. In this article, two of these solutions (retention tank with reuse, and rain garden, respectively), applied to single dwelling case studies in a suburban area in the Silesia Region (Poland), are illustrated and analyzed. The selected cases consider technical and economic aspects as the most important factors for decision on the selection of onsite stormwater management approach. Both systems have been operational for approximately two years. The retention tank proved a good solution, reducing stormwater overflows and allowing local water reuse for lawn irrigation; however, investment and maintenance costs in this case are relatively higher. The raingarden proved to work efficiently in this small scale implementation and implied much lower initial investment and costs. The economic sustainability of these interventions at single dwelling scale was analyzed, showing interesting returns, with outcome depending on the degree of possible water reuse (lower water bills) and availability of fiscal or fee incentives. Introduction of financial incentive schemes will encourage homeowners and developers to implement stormwater control solutions, allowing rapid amortization of investment costs with additional benefits to the community, such as reduced environmental impact of stormwater overflows and possible economies in the construction and management of stormwater systems.

Sustainability through Optimization: The Future of Watershed Management

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 876-881
Author(s):  
Thambirajah Saravanapavan ◽  
Guo Shun Zhang ◽  
Mark Voorhees
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Phosphorus Loading ◽  
Optimization Approach

A quantitative comparison of total costs between the traditional approach and the optimization approach for stormwater management is presented in this study. As the uniform sizing method is always associated with the traditional stormwater management practices, the optimization approach is well suited for the more recent stormwater management paradigm of low impact development (LID) practices. In the case study conducted for the town of Franklin in the Upper Charles River Watershed, Massachusetts, USA, the optimization method is able to identify stormwater management alternatives that cost 60% less than the traditional approach for meeting the Phosphorus loading reduction targets. The study highlights the comprehensive benefits from coupling optimization with the LID practices in stormwater management: 1. The LID practices’ focus on restoring the predevelopment runoff conditions ensures sustainable stormwater management, and 2. The optimization technique guarantees that the most cost-effective LID practices are selected throughout the decision-making process. The approaches outlined in this study can be very informative to many Asian countries that are under fast development and are in urgent need of scientific and sound approaches for achieving sustainable watershed management.

scholarly journals Hydraulic design model of underground bioretention system: a source control measure for wet weather urban stormwater management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulhash Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Design Model ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Bioretention System ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Hydraulic Design ◽  
Wet Weather

The conventional practices of urbanization, land use strategies and stormwater management are considerably increasing the risk of wet weather flooding, downstream erosion and water pollution. To minimize the water pollution problem associated with the urban development various concepts of low impact development are being implemented. The city of Toronto has installed an underground bioretention system at Queensway Avenue. The hydraulic design criteria and specification of the underground bioretention system are not yet well developed. Hydraulic design model is developed using five mass balance equations of the five components of bioretention system. All design water depth variables of the bioretention system are solved simultaneously using Matlab program. An application of the model in Toronto is included to illustrate the design of the underground bioretention system.

Enlightenment from ancient Chinese urban and rural stormwater management practices

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1474-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Wu ◽  
Mengxi Qiao ◽  
Sisi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Complex Environment ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Stormwater Management Practices ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
Sustainable Drainage Systems ◽  
Modern Technologies

Hundreds of years ago, the ancient Chinese implemented several outstanding projects to cope with the changing climate and violent floods. Some of these projects are still in use today. These projects evolved from the experience and knowledge accumulated through the long coexistence of people with nature. The concepts behind these ancient stormwater management practices, such as low-impact development and sustainable drainage systems, are similar to the technology applied in modern stormwater management. This paper presents the cases of the Hani Terrace in Yunnan and the Fushou drainage system of Ganzhou in Jiangxi. The ancient Chinese knowledge behind these cases is seen in the design concepts and the features of these projects. These features help us to understand better their applications in the contemporary environment. In today's more complex environment, integrating traditional and advanced philosophy with modern technologies is extremely useful in building urban and rural stormwater management systems in China.

Low Impact Development (LID) Approaches in Sustainable Stormwater Management

2013 ◽  
Vol 368-370 ◽  
pp. 297-301
Author(s):  
Chun Xiao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Source Control ◽  
High Point ◽  
Research Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Sustainable Stormwater Management

Low Impact Development (LID), with a core conception of maintaining urban hydrological recycle through source control, is an approach to land development that works with nature to manage stormwater as close to its source as possible. This paper summarized the concept, principle, development and research status of LID, analysed the LID approaches in High Point Community in the USA, aiming to forward experience of sustainable stormwater management.

Cost and benefit analysis of Low Impact Development (LID) for stormwater management in an urban catchment in Norway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Yu Xu ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
Low Impact Development ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Storm Water Management Model ◽  
Cost And Benefit Analysis ◽  
Norwegian Research Council

<p><span>There has been a surge of interest in the field of urban flooding in recent years, due to the growth of cities and the increase in frequency and magnitude of extreme rainfall events. Hydrological modeling is a useful tool to understand urban floods and compare different stormwater management solutions. In this study, we use the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) in an urban catchment, Grefsen in Norway, to analyze the effects of different Low Impact Development (LID) methods to reduce combined sewer overflow (CSO). Additionally, we examine the cost of these solutions and find an optimized solution in terms of maximum effects and minimum cost. The results are useful for decision-makers to achieve sustainable stormwater management. </span></p><p><span> </span></p><p>Acknowledgement<span>:</span></p><p><span>This research is funded by the Norwegian Research Council via the project New Water Ways.</span></p>

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