Tracer test and behavior of selected pharmaceuticals

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1043-1052
Author(s):  
Srđan Kovačević ◽  
Marina Radišić ◽  
David Mitrinović ◽  
Predrag Vojt ◽  
Nevena Živančev
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Breakthrough Curve ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Potential Use

Study of the behavior and transport of pharmaceuticals in groundwater is significant for understanding the processes of natural attenuation and potential use of filtration through the aquifer to evaluate the most effective way to remove pharmaceuticals that occur under anthropogenic influence. This paper presents the results of a field experiment at the location of the drainage system of Kovin-Dubovac in Serbia, during which a tracer test was conducted and the behavior of selected pharmaceuticals (trimethoprim, carbamazepine, diclofenac and metamizole metabolite N-acetyl-4-aminoantipyrine (4–AAA)) was monitored. The objective of the paper is to show and analyze the results of the tracer test, during which the tracer NaCl was injected, and to correlate the obtained characteristics of the subsurface and the breakthrough curves of the selected pharmaceuticals, so that the effects of sorption can be quantified. During the tracer test, the hydraulic head, flow, electric conductivity and concentrations of the pharmaceuticals were monitored continuously to collect sufficient data. The results show that sorption coefficients can be determined from experimental data and the NaCl breakthrough curve.

Parameter Determination for Chloride and Tritium Transport in Undisturbed Lysimeters during Steady Flow

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole H. Jacobsen ◽  
Feike J. Leij ◽  
Martinus Th. van Genuchten
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Unsaturated Flow ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Time Moment ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Retardation Factor ◽  
Parameter Determination ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Water Fraction

Breakthrough curves of Cl and 3H2O were obtained during steady unsaturated flow in five lysimeters containing an undisturbed coarse sand (Orthic Haplohumod). The experimental data were analyzed in terms of the classical two-parameter convection-dispersion equation and a four-parameter two-region type physical nonequilibrium solute transport model. Model parameters were obtained by both curve fitting and time moment analysis. The four-parameter model provided a much better fit to the data for three soil columns, but performed only slightly better for the two remaining columns. The retardation factor for Cl was about 10 % less than for 3H2O, indicating some anion exclusion. For the four-parameter model the average immobile water fraction was 0.14 and the Peclet numbers of the mobile region varied between 50 and 200. Time moments analysis proved to be a useful tool for quantifying the break through curve (BTC) although the moments were found to be sensitive to experimental scattering in the measured data at larger times. Also, fitted parameters described the experimental data better than moment generated parameter values.

Biochar caged zirconium ferrite nanocomposites for the adsorptive removal of Reactive Blue 19 dye in a batch and column reactors and conditions optimizaton

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazia Perveen ◽  
Raziya Nadeem ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
Yasir Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Adsorption Efficiency ◽  
Fixed Bed Column ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Adsorptive Removal ◽  
Reactive Blue 19 ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

Abstract Biochar caged zirconium ferrite (BC-ZrFe2O5) nanocomposites were fabricated and their adsorption capacity for Reactive Blue 19 (RB19) dye was evaluated in a fixed-bed column and batch sorption mode. The adsorption of dye onto BC-ZrFe2O5 NCs followed pseudo-second-order kinetics (R 2 = 0.998) and among isotherms, the experimental data was best fitted to Sips model as compared to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms models. The influence of flow-rate (3–5 mL min−1), inlet RB19 dye concentration (20–100 mg L−1) and quantity of BC-ZrFe2O5 NCs (0.5–1.5 g) on fixed-bed sorption was elucidated by Box-Behnken experimental design. The saturation times (C t /C o  = 0.95) and breakthrough (C t /C o  = 0.05) were higher at lower flow-rates and higher dose of BC-ZrFe2O5 NCs. The saturation times decreased, but breakthrough was increased with the initial RB19 dye concentration. The treated volume was higher at low sorbent dose and influent concentration. Fractional bed utilization (FBU) increased with RB19 dye concentration and flow rates at low dose of BC-ZrFe2O5 NCs. Yan model was fitted best to breakthrough curves data as compared to Bohart-Adams and Thomas models. Results revealed that BC-ZrFe2O5 nanocomposite has promising adsorption efficiency and could be used for the adsorption of dyes from textile effluents.

scholarly journals Adsorption of propan-1-ol vapour on Sorbonorit 4 activated carbon – equilibrium and dynamic studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Downarowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Ziętarska
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Isosteric Heat ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Isotherm Models ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Temperature Isotherm ◽  
Electrothermal Desorption ◽  
Temperature Swing Adsorption

Abstract The study examined the adsorption of propan-1-ol (1PN) vapour on Sorbonorit 4 (S4) activated carbon in cyclic Electrothermal Temperature Swing Adsorption (ETSA) process. Dynamic adsorption capacity and breakthrough time were determined based on column studies. Thomas model was used to describe experimental breakthrough curves. Adsorption isotherms for 1PN vapour on S4 activated carbon were tested at 293 to 413 K. The experimental data were examined by using three multi-temperature isotherm models: Toth, Sips and hybrid Langmuir-Sips. Results indicate that S4 activated carbon is a heterogeneous adsorbent and the hybrid Langmuir-Sips model provides the best-fit experimental data. The energy requirement for 1PN electrothermal desorption from S4 bed (ca. 170–200 kJ/mol) was about 3 to 3.5 times larger than the isosteric heat of adsorption (56.8 kJ/mol), which was calculated using Toth adsorption isotherm.

The Potential Use of Liquid Oxidizer in PEM Cells

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Erickson ◽  
David Grupp
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Concentration Polarization ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Potential Use

A novel method of using a liquid phase oxidizer in fuel cell applications has been discovered by researchers at UC Davis. This paper outlines potential implications for improving heat transfer and catalytic activity with this method. Experimental data have been collected and the results show that the proposed method of using liquid phase oxidizer does indeed allow operation of PEM fuel cell systems. Data indicate an improvement in overvoltage at low current but also clearly indicate a severely limited concentration polarization region with non-regenerated fluid. The preliminary data indicate the physical feasibility of the method but also show that more research and development is required.

scholarly journals Contaminant transfer and hydrodispersive parameters in basaltic lava flows: artificial tracer test and implications for long-term management

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bertrand ◽  
H. Celle-Jeanton ◽  
F. Huneau ◽  
A. Baillieux ◽  
G. Mauri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Source ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Advective Transport ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Massif Central ◽  
Transit Times ◽  
Potential Contaminant

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the vulnerability after point source contamination and characterize water circulations in volcanic flows located in the Argnat basin volcanic system (Chaîne des Puys, French Massif Central) using a tracer test performed by injecting a iodide solution. The analysis of breakthrough curves allowed the hydrodispersive characteristics of the massive lava flows to be determined. Large Peclet numbers indicated a dominant advective transport. The multimodal feature of breakthrough curves combined with high values of mean velocity and low longitudinal dispersion coefficients indicated thatwater flows in an environment analogous to a fissure system, and only slightly interacts with a low porosity matrix (ne < 1%). Combining this information with lava flow stratigraphy provided by several drillings allowed a conceptual scheme of potential contaminant behaviour to be designed. Although lava flows are vulnerable to point source pollution due to the rapid transfer of water within fractures, the saturated scoriaceous layers located between massive rocks should suffice to strongly buffer the transit of pollution through dilution and longer transit times. This was consistent with the low recovery rate of the presented tracer test.

Experimental Data and Behavior of Starch/Water Solutions with an Ultrafiltration Module

1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gomez-Gotor ◽  
P. Susial ◽  
A. Guerra ◽  
B. Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Water Solutions ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Subglacial drainage processes at a High Arctic polythermal valley glacier

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (172) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Bingham ◽  
Peter W. Nienow ◽  
Martin J. Sharp ◽  
Sarah Boon
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Ice Flow ◽  
Dye Tracer ◽  
Arctic Glacier ◽  
Tracer Experiments ◽  
Subglacial Drainage

AbstractDye-tracer experiments undertaken over two summer melt seasons at polythermal John Evans Glacier, Ellesmere Island, Canada, were designed to investigate the character of the subglacial drainage system and its evolution over a melt season. In both summers, dye injections were conducted at several moulins and traced to a single subglacial outflow. Tracer breakthrough curves suggest that supraglacial meltwater initially encounters a distributed subglacial drainage system in late June. The subsequent development and maintenance of a channelled subglacial network are dependent upon sustained high rates of surface melting maintaining high supraglacial inputs. In a consistently warm summer (2000), subglacial drainage became rapidly and persistently channelled. In a cooler summer (2001), distributed subglacial drainage predominated. These observations confirm that supraglacial meltwater can access the bed of a High Arctic glacier in summer, and induce significant structural evolution of the subglacial drainage system. They do not support the view that subglacial drainage systems beneath polythermal glaciers are always poorly developed. They do suggest that the effects on ice flow of surface water penetration to the bed of predominantly cold glaciers may be short-lived.

scholarly journals Tracer Test in Fractured Chalk

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jakobsen ◽  
K. Høgh Jensen ◽  
K. L. Brettmann
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
Transport Mechanism ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Advective Transport ◽  
Long Tail ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Chalk Aquifer

A two-well tracer test was conducted in eastern Denmark, in which a short duration pulse of lithium chloride was injected into a recharge well and made to flow through a fractured chalk aquifer to a discharge well. The wells were 25 m apart, and the concentration of lithium arriving at the discharge well was monitored at five vertical intervals in the well for a 21-day period. The observed breakthrough curves show a sharp breakthrough front, with an arrival time that is consistent with advective transport through the fractures in the chalk. The breakthrough curves also exhibit a long tail in the falling limb, suggesting the influence of a secondary transport mechanism of diffusion into the porous matrix.

scholarly journals Tracer Test in Fractured Chalk

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Brettmann ◽  
K. Høgh Jensen ◽  
R. Jakobsen
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Porous Matrix ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Breakthrough Curves ◽  
Dual Porosity ◽  
Local Concentration ◽  
Concentration Difference ◽  
Dual Porosity Model ◽  
Immobile Phase ◽  
Porosity Model

A two-well tracer test carried out in fractured chalk was analyzed using a three-dimensional finite-difference model for flow and transport which, was constructed on the basis of the geological and hydraulic information collected at the field site. The model was developed as a dual-porosity continuum model, in which advection was assumed to occur only in the fractures, and the water in the porous matrix was assumed to be static. The exchange of solute between the fractures (mobile phase) and the porous matrix (immobile phase) was assumed to occur as a diffusion process in response to the local concentration difference of solute between the two phases. Simulations from the dual-porosity model reproduced the shape of the observed breakthrough curves, although some portions of the tail were not accurately represented. The model was also applied as a single-porosity model for advection and dispersion in the fractures with no solute exchange with the porous matrix. The simulations from the single-porosity model greatly overestimated the observed lithium concentrations, and showed very little tailing effect in the falling limb. The study shows that, based on the given tracer test, solute transport in a fractured chalk cannot be represented by a single-porosity approach and hence when dealing with contaminant transport in such systems, both a fractured and a porous domain need to be considered.

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