scholarly journals Intelligent pressure management by pumps as turbines in water distribution systems: results of experimentation

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 778-789 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Parra ◽  
S. Krause ◽  
F. Krönlein ◽  
F. W. Günthert ◽  
T. Klunke
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Seasonal Flow ◽  
Pressure Modulation ◽  
Demand Variability

Abstract Pressure reducing valves (PRVs) are used in water distribution networks (WDNs) for pressure control and water loss reduction. In this study, a system composed of a PRV and a pump as turbine (PAT) in combination with intelligent pressure management is proposed and its performance is analysed experimentally. For this, data analysis using hydraulic modelling and extensive experimentation for a case study in Germany was performed. During the laboratory tests, the pressure at the critical point of the system could be successfully maintained at the selected value at variable discharges during a characteristic day, as a result of the advanced pressure modulation. Additionally, up to 2.3 kW of electrical energy were recovered, when the applied PAT was operating under full load, with a maximum total net system efficiency of 40%. Furthermore, the proposed pressure management was found to increase the water savings by up to 16% compared to conventional PRVs. This study concludes that the PAT-PRV-system may be suitable in WDNs with high differences in altitude, high operational pressures and high demand variability. For its application, the benefits and the investment costs, as well as the seasonal flow and pressure variations in the WDN should be analysed in detail.

scholarly journals Management of Water Distribution Systems in PDA Condition with Isolation Valves

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attilio Fiorini Morosini ◽  
Olga Caruso ◽  
Paolo Veltri
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
System Control ◽  
Pipe Failure ◽  
Reliable System ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Pipe Burst

The correct management of Water Distribution Networks (WDNs) allows to obtain a reliable system. When a pipe failure occurs in a network and it is necessary to isolate a zone, it is possible that some nodes do not guarantee service for the users due to inadequate heads. In these conditions a Pressure Driven Analysis (PDA) is the correct approach to evaluate network behavior. This analysis is more appropriate than the Demand Driven Analysis (DDA) because it is known that the effective delivered flow at each node is influenced by the pressure value. In this case, it is important to identify a subset of isolation valves to limit disrupting services in the network. For a real network, additional valves must be added to existing ones. In this paper a new methodological analysis is proposed: it defines an objective function (OF) to provide a measure of the system correct functioning. The network analysis using the OF helps to choose the optimal number of additional valves to obtain an adequate system control. In emergency conditions, the OF takes into account the new network topology obtained excluding the zone where the broken pipe is located. OF values depend on the demand deficit caused by the head decrement in the network nodes for each pipe burst considered. The results obtained for a case study confirm the efficiency of the methodology.

scholarly journals Online modelling of water distribution systems: a UK case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Machell ◽  
S. R. Mounce ◽  
J. B. Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Hydraulic simulation models of water distribution networks are routinely used for operational investigations and network design purposes. However, their full potential is often never realised because, in the majority of cases, they have been calibrated with data collected manually from the field during a single historic time period and, as such, reflect the network operational conditions that were prevalent at that time, and they are then applied as part of a reactive, desktop investigation. In order to use a hydraulic model to assist proactive distribution network management its element asset information must be up to date and it should be able to access current network information to drive simulations. Historically this advance has been restricted by the high cost of collecting and transferring the necessary field measurements. However, recent innovation and cost reductions associated with data transfer is resulting in collection of data from increasing numbers of sensors in water supply systems, and automatic transfer of the data to point of use. This means engineers potentially have access to a constant stream of current network data that enables a new era of "on-line" modelling that can be used to continually assess standards of service compliance for pressure and reduce the impact of network events, such as mains bursts, on customers. A case study is presented here that shows how an online modelling system can give timely warning of changes from normal network operation, providing capacity to minimise customer impact.

Use of Centrifugal Pumps Operating as Turbines for Energy Recovery in Water Distribution Networks. Two Case Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pérez García ◽  
Antonio Cortés Marco ◽  
Simón Nevado Santos
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water System ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Demand Pattern ◽  
Reverse Mode ◽  
Medium Time ◽  
Hydraulic Turbines

The main pipes in water distribution systems have, in many cases, an excess of static pressure. This excess of pressure is usually dissipated by means of intermediate reservoirs, pressure-reducing valves or any other device that produces the required energy loss with the aim to adjust the pressure level to the demand pattern of the system. This hydraulic energy can be used to directly drive a mechanical system or to generate electric power. In this type of recovery energy systems, the available hydraulic power is lower than 100 kW (micro-hydro). In this range, the utilization of conventional hydraulic turbines is not economically viable in short-medium time. In micro-hydropower applications the use of standard centrifugal pumps operated in reverse mode as hydraulic turbines (PAT) can be competitive. In this work, several prediction methods and algorithms suggested by different authors were analyzed and compared. Two case study, in the water system distribution of Murcia and Elche are also presented.

scholarly journals Unreported leaks location using pressure and flow sensitivity in water distribution networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Salguero ◽  
R. Cobacho ◽  
M. A. Pardo
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Flow Sensitivity ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Regular Network ◽  
Utility Managers

Abstract Water distribution systems are made up of many interdependent elements that enable water supply to meet a demand that is variable in time and space. One of the main concerns for utility managers is quickly locating and repairing a leak after detection, during regular network water balance. This paper presents a two-stage methodology for locating a leak that is based on the hydraulic model of the network, and, particularly, on the conservation equations that govern network behaviour. In the first stage, the sensitivity of each element (nodes and pipes) is obtained for a given demand increase in any node. In the second stage, that sensitivity is combined with additional real data provided by the (possibly) existing pressure sensors and flowmeters installed throughout the network. As a final result, the system of equations thus obtained produces the theoretical leak flow at each network node that matches the network conditions. A subsequent analysis of the leak flows obtained highlights the node or nodes in which the leak is occurring. The presented methodology is applied and assessed in a case study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of service pressure regulation strategy on the performance of a rural water network based on pulse demand; using the method of characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Mohammadzade Negharchi ◽  
Rouzbeh Shafaghat
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Method Of Characteristics ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
Pressure Management ◽  
Dynamic Adjustment ◽  
The Method Of Characteristics

Abstract Reducing the occurrence of pipe bursts, reducing leakage, and reducing energy consumption are the three main goals in implementing pressure control programs in water distribution networks. Service Pressure Regulation Strategy is an evolved approach that encompasses all goals of pressure management. This paper has investigated this approach in a rural network with hydraulic complexities as a case study so that some parts of the network have excess pressure and other low pressure. A computer code based on the Method of Characteristics (MOC) has been developed for network hydraulic analysis. The generated code analyzes unsteady flow, pressure-driven demand analysis, and dynamic adjustment of pressure control valves based on the target node. Also, the experimental results of a laboratory network have been applied to validate and calibrate the numerical simulation. In addition, by measuring the flow rate and pressure of the network and the results of the MNF method, three consumption patterns were used to generate pulsed nodal demands. Studies show that creating Pressure-Management Areas by hydraulic analysis by MOC will determine the best control strategies. The mean pressure has decreased 54% by applying this strategy. Furthermore, the average fluctuations of pressure have reduced from 9.7 meters to 3.5 meters.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of methods for selecting pumps as turbines to operate in water distribution networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Niedo Marchiori ◽  
Gustavo Meirelles Lima ◽  
Bruno Melo Brentan ◽  
Edevar Luvizotto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Efficient Option ◽  
Supply Systems

Abstract Pressure control is an important feature for reducing leakages in water supply systems, and the use of pressure reducing valves has been well established as an efficient option for this purpose. However, several studies have demonstrated that the energy available on such sites could be used to generate electrical energy, instead of being dissipated as head loss; therefore, a more efficient and sustainable solution could be applied for pressure control. Due to the low amount of power available, the use of pumps as turbines (PATs) is highly recommended. However, manufacturers do not provide pump curves operating as turbines, making PAT selection challenging. Different empirical methods can be found in the literature for estimating PAT performance based on the pump operating conditions. Thus, this paper presents a comparative analysis of nine different methods, using real data from 14 pumps. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these methods for PAT selection is evaluated in a hypothetical network.

scholarly journals Online modelling of water distribution systems: a UK case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Machell ◽  
S. R. Mounce ◽  
J. B. Boxall
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Hydraulic simulation models of water distribution networks are routinely used for operational investigations and network design purposes. However, their full potential is often never realised because, in the majority of cases, they have been calibrated with data collected manually from the field during a single historic time period and, as such, reflect the network operational conditions that were prevalent at that time, and they are then applied as part of a reactive, desktop investigation. In order to use a hydraulic model to assist proactive distribution network management its element asset information must be up to date and it should be able to access current network information to drive simulations. Historically this advance has been restricted by the high cost of collecting and transferring the necessary field measurements. However, recent innovation and cost reductions associated with data transfer is resulting in collection of data from increasing numbers of sensors in water supply systems, and automatic transfer of the data to point of use. This means engineers potentially have access to a constant stream of current network data that enables a new era of "online" modelling that can be used to continually assess standards of service compliance for pressure and reduce the impact of network events, such as mains bursts, on customers. A case study is presented here that shows how an online modelling system can give timely warning of changes from normal network operation, providing capacity to minimise customer impact.

scholarly journals Sectorization for Water Distribution Systems with Multiple Sources: A Performance Indices Comparison

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Jezabel D. Bianchotti ◽  
Melina Denardi ◽  
Mario Castro-Gama ◽  
Gabriel D. Puccini
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Multiobjective Problems ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
And Performance

Sectorization is an effective technique for reducing the complexities of analyzing and managing of water systems. The resulting sectors, called district metering areas (DMAs), are expected to meet some requirements and performance criteria such as minimum number of intervention, pressure uniformity, similarity of demands, water quality and number of districts. An efficient methodology to achieve all these requirements together and the proper choice of a criteria governing the sectorization is one of the open questions about optimal DMAs design. This question is addressed in this research by highlighting the advantages of three different criteria when applied to real-word water distribution networks (WDNs). To this, here it is presented a two-stage approach for optimal design of DMAs. The first stage, the clustering of the system, is based on a Louvain-type greedy algorithm for the generalized modularity maximization. The second stage, the physical dividing of the system, is stated as a two-objective optimization problem that utilises the SMOSA version of simulated annealing for multiobjective problems. One objective is the number of isolation valves whereas for the second objective three different performance indices (PIs) are analyzed and compared: (a) standard deviation, (b) Gini coefficient and (c) loss of resilience. The methodology is applied to two real case studies where the first two PIs are optimized to address similar demands among DMAs. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for sectorization into independent DMAs with similar demands. Surprisingly, it found that for the real studied systems, loss of resilience achieves better performance for each district in terms of pressure uniformity and demand similarity than the other two specific performance criteria.

scholarly journals Bi-objective design-for-control of water distribution networks with global bounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly-Joy Ulusoy ◽  
Filippo Pecci ◽  
Ivan Stoianov
Keyword(s):  
Water Distribution ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Water Distribution Networks ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Global Optimality ◽  
Linear Programs ◽  
Design For Control ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Feasible Solutions

AbstractThis manuscript investigates the design-for-control (DfC) problem of minimizing pressure induced leakage and maximizing resilience in existing water distribution networks. The problem consists in simultaneously selecting locations for the installation of new valves and/or pipes, and optimizing valve control settings. This results in a challenging optimization problem belonging to the class of non-convex bi-objective mixed-integer non-linear programs (BOMINLP). In this manuscript, we propose and investigate a method to approximate the non-dominated set of the DfC problem with guarantees of global non-dominance. The BOMINLP is first scalarized using the method of $$\epsilon $$ ϵ -constraints. Feasible solutions with global optimality bounds are then computed for the resulting sequence of single-objective mixed-integer non-linear programs, using a tailored spatial branch-and-bound (sBB) method. In particular, we propose an equivalent reformulation of the non-linear resilience objective function to enable the computation of global optimality bounds. We show that our approach returns a set of potentially non-dominated solutions along with guarantees of their non-dominance in the form of a superset of the true non-dominated set of the BOMINLP. Finally, we evaluate the method on two case study networks and show that the tailored sBB method outperforms state-of-the-art global optimization solvers.

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