scholarly journals A modelling approach to assess wastewater reuse potential for Delhi city

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1716-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Goyal ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Integrated Planning ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Modelling Approach

Abstract Water availability is facing crisis throughout the world because of various factors viz., population growth, climate change, and rapid urbanization, leading to the requirement of treated wastewater as an additional source of water supply. However, the actual amount of wastewater that may be reused depends on many factors such as water demand, availability, cost and social acceptability, etc. In this study, a linear programming model has been developed to identify the amount of treated wastewater that may be used for various applications subject to water availability and demand constraints, taking Delhi city as a case study. The results suggest that wastewater reuse has the maximum potential in agriculture and landscape irrigation use followed by domestic and industrial applications. The framework developed in the study provides useful information for integrated planning and management of the reuse of wastewater in order to augment the existing water supply. It may be modified and used for the estimation of wastewater reuse potential in other areas with similar conditions.

scholarly journals Optimal Implementation of Wastewater Reuse in Existing Sewerage Systems to Improve Resilience and Sustainability in Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2004
Author(s):  
Aakash Dev ◽  
Timo C. Dilly ◽  
Amin E. Bakhshipour ◽  
Ulrich Dittmer ◽  
S. Murty Bhallamudi
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Test Cases ◽  
Decentralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Graywater Reuse ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Supply Systems

A transition from conventional centralized to hybrid decentralized systems has been increasingly advised recently due to their capability to enhance the resilience and sustainability of urban water supply systems. Reusing treated wastewater for non-potable purposes is a promising opportunity toward the aforementioned resolutions. In this study, we present two optimization models for integrating reusing systems into existing sewerage systems to bridge the supply–demand gap in an existing water supply system. In Model-1, the supply–demand gap is bridged by introducing on-site graywater treatment and reuse, and in Model-2, the gap is bridged by decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse. The applicability of the proposed models is evaluated using two test cases: one a proof-of-concept hypothetical network and the other a near realistic network based on the sewerage network in Chennai, India. The results show that the proposed models outperform the existing approaches by achieving more than a 20% reduction in the cost of procuring water and more than a 36% reduction in the demand for freshwater through the implementation of local on-site graywater reuse for both test cases. These numbers are about 12% and 34% respectively for the implementation of decentralized wastewater treatment and reuse.

scholarly journals Identification of Water-Reuse Potentials to Strengthen Rural Areas in Water-Scarce Regions—The Case Study of Wuwei

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 492
Author(s):  
Sonja Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Sustainable Water Supply ◽  
Current Water ◽  
Water Scarce

Due to water scarcity, which is worsening due to climate change, rural areas often face the challenge of rural exoduses. Limited water resources restrict local farmers as the opportunities for cultivation in the fields are reduced. This makes rural areas increasingly unattractive. To strengthen rural areas, sustainable water management with a focus on water-reuse is required. Since treated wastewater is a daily resource with calculable quantities available, reused water can contribute to the sustainable strengthening of a region. Therefore, an analysis of water-reuse potentials must be conducted to develop a water-reuse concept and thus increase the application of reused water. For this purpose, a case study of Wuwei as a rural and water-scarce region in China was chosen. By using a geoinformation system, the unfulfilled water-reuse potential can be identified by intersecting the results of the analysis regarding the current water supply and disposal situation with spatial and regional information, such as population data. Hence, the study presents the potential to increase wastewater treatment and water-reuse for, e.g., agricultural irrigation. It is shown that, in the best case, reused water can be increased from 5479 m3 per day to 207,461 m3 per day. Resource efficiency can be further increased by combining water-reuse concepts with land-use strategies adapted to climate change. This will ensure a more sustainable water supply in the future.

scholarly journals Review of Wastewater Reuse in the Mediterranean Countries, Focusing on Regulations and Policies for Municipal and Industrial Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-350 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
The Mediterranean

The present paper reviews the wastewater reuse regulations, practices and applications of countries around the Mediterranean Region, particularly focusing on reuse practices for municipal and industrial uses. Water scarcity and water need is established in Mediterranean countries using international indexes for a cross-border comparison of water availability specifically for fresh water supply for municipal and industrial applications. Wastewater reuse criteria based on necessary, application specific, treatment output quality are presented. Data for each individual country is reviewed, and the regulations governing each country around reuse and applications are summarized, focusing, when appropriate, on the production and use of reclaimed wastewater for municipal and industrial applications. Also a critical overview of the guidelines and regulations governing these countries is presented. After considering multiple parameters associated with adoption of municipal and industrial wastewater reuse, such as water supply and scarcity, country and regional parameters, as well as possible applications, we note that adoption is accelerated in countries that have stronger economies and higher water needs. This development is fueled by favorable guidelines and regulations; conversely it is hindered by prohibitive guidelines and regulations. Wastewater reuse for municipal and industrial applications so far remains a whimsical game of culture, perception, religion, available technology and politics. An increasing trend in wastewater treatment plant construction and planning is seen in almost all the countries of the Mediterranean region. In addition, reuse water standards are in the process of being developed in a way that will clearly take into account the local conditions while reasonably safeguarding the public health. Wastewater reuse for municipal and industrial applications in Mediterranean countries remains at the beginning stages of adoption and the potential for improvement is open.

Population Growth and Water Supply

2016 ◽  
pp. 231-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Brandful Cobbinah ◽  
Dennis Kwadwo Okyere ◽  
Eric Gaisie
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Sustainable Planning ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Urban Population Growth

With recent and expected record-breaking urban population growth in developing countries, African cities ought to undertake or revisit sustainable planning efforts necessary for managing population growth and dealing with rapid urbanization. This chapter examines how African cities are responding and adapting to rapid population growth in the area of water supply using Ghana as a case study. From a macro perspective, the chapter looks at the nature and extent of population growth and water supply in Africa, with a focus on Ghana. At the micro level, an analysis of the water supply chain in Ghanaian cities, focusing on distribution, equity and accessibility is presented. The chapter further presents a discussion on the way forward regarding urban water supply in Ghana in particular and Africa in general. The chapter concludes with key findings and directions for further research, in relation to population growth and urban water supply.

scholarly journals Development of an algorithm for risk-based management of wastewater reuse alternatives

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Shakeri ◽  
Sara Nazif
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Risk Identification ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Management Measures

Abstract Due to water resources limitations, special attention has been paid to wastewater reuse in recent years. The risks associated with wastewater reuse alternatives should be considered in decision-making. Even when selecting the alternative with the least risk, risk management issues are of high importance. This study aims to develop an algorithm for risk-based management of wastewater reuse alternatives. This algorithm uses a three-step risk assessment and management approach. Risks are identified, then risks of alternatives are assessed, and, finally, risk management measures are proposed for risk reduction in the selected alternative. In risk identification, economic, social, health, and environmental aspects are taken into account. In risk assessment, its three components of likelihood, severity, and vulnerability are considered through a fuzzy inference system. Alternatives are prioritized based on calculated risks using a fuzzy VIKOR method. A case study is presented in which the proposed algorithm is used to select the best alternative for reuse of treated wastewater from Ekbatan Town, located in the western part Tehran in Iran. The results showed that the proposed approach provides the users with an easier understanding of risks and increases the relative confidence of decision-makers about the selection of the best alternatives for wastewater reuse and their risk control methods.

Population Growth and Water Supply

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Brandful Cobbinah ◽  
Dennis Kwadwo Okyere ◽  
Eric Gaisie
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
African Cities ◽  
Sustainable Planning ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Urban Population Growth

With recent and expected record-breaking urban population growth in developing countries, African cities ought to undertake or revisit sustainable planning efforts necessary for managing population growth and dealing with rapid urbanization. This chapter examines how African cities are responding and adapting to rapid population growth in the area of water supply using Ghana as a case study. From a macro perspective, the chapter looks at the nature and extent of population growth and water supply in Africa, with a focus on Ghana. At the micro level, an analysis of the water supply chain in Ghanaian cities, focusing on distribution, equity and accessibility is presented. The chapter further presents a discussion on the way forward regarding urban water supply in Ghana in particular and Africa in general. The chapter concludes with key findings and directions for further research, in relation to population growth and urban water supply.

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