Occurrence of Enteroviruses and Rotaviruses in Drinking Water in Colombia

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Toranzos ◽  
Henry Hanssen ◽  
Charles P. Gerba
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Tryptose Phosphate Broth ◽  
Water Plants ◽  
Private Homes ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
Positively Charged

Relatively few studies have been conducted on the occurrence of enteric viruses in drinking water in developing countries. In this study, we sought to apply positively charged microporous filters to the detection of enteric viruses in the drinking water of several major Colombian cities. Finished drinking water samples were collected at several drinking water plants whose treatment included flocculat ion, sand filtration and chlorination. Drinking water samples were also collected from the taps of private homes, hotels and community taps. Viruses were concentrated by passage of 20-99 liters of water through 50S Zeta-plus or 1 MDS Virosorb positively charged filters. Adsorbed viruses were eluted with 10% tryptose phosphate broth adjusted to pH 9.5 and concentrated to a final volume of 2 ml by ultracentrifugation before assay. Enteroviruses were detected by assay on BGM cells and rotavirus by assay on MA-104 cells. Out of eight samples of finished drinking water leaving the plants studied, three were found to contain enteric viruses. Rotaviruses were detected in two samples and enterovirus in one. Two of the samples containing enteric viruses also contained greater than 100 coliforms/100 ml. Rotaviruses were isolated from three tapwater samples and enteroviruses from one. All the tapwater samples which contained enteric viruses had visible turbidity and also contained coliform bacteria.

Virus occurrence in municipal groundwater sources in Quebec, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 688-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Locas ◽  
Christine Barthe ◽  
Benoit Barbeau ◽  
Annie Carrière ◽  
Pierre Payment
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Historic Data ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses

A 1 year study was undertaken on groundwater that was a source of drinking water in the province of Quebec, Canada. Twelve municipal wells (raw water) were sampled monthly during a 1 year period, for a total of 160 samples. Using historic data, the 12 sites were categorized into 3 groups: group A (no known contamination), group B (sporadically contaminated by total coliforms), and group C (historic and continuous contamination by total coliforms and (or) fecal coliforms). Bacterial indicators (total coliform, Escherichia coli , enteroccoci), viral indicators (somatic and male-specific coliphages), total culturable human enteric viruses, and noroviruses were analyzed at every sampling site. Total coliforms were the best indicator of microbial degradation, and coliform bacteria were always present at the same time as human enteric viruses. Two samples contained human enteric viruses but no fecal pollution indicators (E. coli, enterococci, or coliphages), suggesting the limited value of these microorganisms in predicting the presence of human enteric viruses in groundwater. Our results underline the value of historic data in assessing the vulnerability of a well on the basis of raw water quality and in detecting degradation of the source. This project allowed us to characterize the microbiologic and virologic quality of groundwater used as municipal drinking water sources in Quebec.

scholarly journals Microbiological Analysis of Drinking Water of Kathmandu Valley

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 112-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tista Prasai ◽  
Binod Lekhak ◽  
Dev Raj Joshi ◽  
Madhav Prasad Baral
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Guideline Value ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Drinking water quality assessment in Kathmandu valley has always been crucial with reference to public health importance. A study was conducted to evaluate the quality of drinking water of the valley. A total of 132 drinking water samples were randomly collected from 49 tube wells, 57 wells, 17 taps and 9 stone spouts in different places of Kathmandu valley. The samples were analyzed for microbiological parameters. Total plate and coliform count revealed that 82.6% and 92.4% of drinking water samples found to cross the WHO guideline value for drinking water. During the study, 238 isolates of enteric bacteria were identified, of which 26.4% were Escherichia coli, 25.6% were Enterobacter spp, 23% were Citrobacter spp, 6.3% were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5.4% were Klebsiella spp, 4.0% were Shigella spp, 3.0% were Salmonella typhi, 3.0% were Proteus vulgaris, 3.0% were Serratia spp and 1.0% were Vibrio cholerae . Key words: Drinking water; Public health; Coliform; Bacteria. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v5i5.2667 Scientific World, Vol. 5, No. 5, July 2007 112-114

scholarly journals Bacteriological Examination of Water supply and Drinking Water at Household level in Makalbari Area by the Most Probable Number Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Bharati Shakya ◽  
Supri Raj Shrestha ◽  
Vinutha Silvanus
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Water safety and quality are fundamental to human development and well-being. Yet, at least 2 billion people are using a drinking water source contaminated with feces worldwide. This study was conducted to assess the types of water supply, storage and methods of purification of drinking water and to examine the bacteriological quality of supplied and drinking water at household level by most probable number (MPN) test in Makalbari area in Gokarneshwor Municipality, Kathmandu. A total of 80 households were selected using simple random sampling technique and two samples (one from main water supply and another from drinking water, n=160 water samples) were collected from each household. Ethical clearance was taken from the Nepal Medical College Institutional Review Committee. SPSS version 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. Majority of water supply samples 65 (81.2%) were from tap, 11 (13.8%) were from well and 4 (5.0%) samples were from bore well. Bacteriologically, of the total water supply samples, 34 (42.5%) samples were excellent, 16 (20.0%) samples were suspicious and 30 (37.5%) samples were unsatisfactory by MPN index quality. Most of the households stored drinking water in the tanks 34 (42.5%). Most of the water samples 29 (36.3%) were directly consumed from the water supply without purification. Among the directly consumed drinking water samples, 13 (44.8%) samples showed unsatisfactory MPN index. Most commonly used methods of water purification was filtration 21 (26.2%). Of the total drinking water samples, 33 (41.25%) samples were positive for total coliform. Thirty-two (40.0%) of the households reported diarrhea in past one year. A highly significant association was found between MPN index of drinking water and occurrence of diarrhea in the households. The quality of the most of the water samples from water supply and drinking water were unsatisfactory. Inspite of this, drinking water was not purified in some of the households. Moreover, few of the drinking water samples were not potable even after purification. Therefore, community should be made aware to improve quality of drinking water in households.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of Drinking-Water Wells in La Crosse, Wisconsin, to Enteric-Virus Contamination from Surface Water Contributions

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 5937-5946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Borchardt ◽  
Nathaniel L. Haas ◽  
Randall J. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Water Wells

ABSTRACT Human enteric viruses can contaminate municipal drinking-water wells, but few studies have examined the routes by which viruses enter these wells. In the present study, the objective was to monitor the municipal wells of La Crosse, Wisconsin, for enteric viruses and determine whether the amount of Mississippi River water infiltrating the wells was related to the frequency of virus detection. From March 2001 to February 2002, one river water site and four wells predicted by hydrogeological modeling to have variable degrees of surface water contributions were sampled monthly for enteric viruses, microbial indicators of sanitary quality, and oxygen and hydrogen isotopes. 18O/16O and 2H/1H ratios were used to determine the level of surface water contributions. All samples were collected prior to chlorination at the wellhead. By reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), 24 of 48 municipal well water samples (50%) were positive for enteric viruses, including enteroviruses, rotavirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), and noroviruses. Of 12 river water samples, 10 (83%) were virus positive by RT-PCR. Viable enteroviruses were not detected by cell culture in the well samples, although three well samples were positive for culturable HAV. Enteroviruses detected in the wells by RT-PCR were identified as several serotypes of echoviruses and group A and group B coxsackieviruses. None of the well water samples was positive for indicators of sanitary quality, namely male-specific and somatic coliphages, total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and fecal enterococci. Contrary to expectations, viruses were found in all wells regardless of the level of surface water contributions. This result suggests that there were other unidentified sources, in addition to surface water, responsible for the contamination.

scholarly journals DETEKSI BAKTERI Escherichia coli DALAM AIR MINUM ISI ULANG YANG DISTERILISASI ULTRAVIOLET DI WILAYAH KECAMATAN JAGAKARSA

Jurnal BIOMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Rezki Rachmawati ◽  
Muzajjanah Muzajjanah ◽  
Yoswita Rustam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Coliform Bacterium ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Biological Contamination ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Refill Water Depot is currently more widely circulated and used as an alternative drinking water supply by the public. However the still unclear about the quality of the drinking water refill generated primarily of biological content. Parameters of biological contamination in drinking water caused by the Escherichia coli and coliform bacterium. This study aims to identify E. coli and coliforms in drinking water refill. Refill drinking water samples obtained from 16 drinking water refill from Jagakarsa subdsitrict. The method used is descriptive. Refill drinking water samples was taken and tested in the MPN (Most Probable Number) method and then to be tested in identification of E. coli. The results of testing the drinking water refill obtained 15 samples positive for coliform bacteria. Samples were positive for E. coli bacteria that sample B.1 and F.2.

scholarly journals Variations in environmental contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and chlorinated pesticides (Lindane, DDT) on ping farms in Hodonín district in 1994 to 1999

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 159-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ulrich ◽  
J. Raszyk
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Muscular Tissue ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Pork Samples ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
Feed Samples

Environmental samples (n = 216) were collected at regular intervals from 1994 to 1999 on three pig farms (D., M., T.) in the area of the district town of Hodonín, Czech Republic. The samples of feed mixtures (n = 85), drinking water (n = 44), barn dust sediments (n = 45), and muscular tissue of feeder pigs (n = 42) were analysed for the concentrations of PCB (sum of 7 indicator congeners), DDT (sum of 6 isomers), and lindane (g-hexachlorocyclohexane). The concentrations of lindane showed increasing tendencies in feed mixtures (1995–1999), drinking water (1997–1999), barn dust sediments (1996–1998), and pork (1997–1999). The limit of permissi-ble concentrations (hereinafter limit) was exceeded in two samples of feed mixtures collected in 1994. The limit for DDT was exceeded in two samples of feed mixtures collected in 1994. Generally, the concentrations showed a decreasing tendency in feed mixtures and barn dust sediments (1997–1999) and regular fluctuations in pork. The limit for PCB was exceeded in two samples of feed mixtures collected in 1994 and in one sample of drink-ing water collected in 1995. The concentrations showed increasing tendencies in feed mixtures (1995–1998) and pork (1996–1998). Decreasing tendencies were observed in drinking water (1995–1999) and barn dust sediments (1994–1997). Compared with mean values for the Czech Republic, the concentrations of lindane were higher in feed samples collected in 1994, 1997, and 1998, in drinking water samples collected in 1994 and 1995, and in pork samples collected in 1994–1998, the concentrations of DDT were higher in feed samples collected in 1994, 1997, and 1998, drinking water samples collected in 1995, and pork samples collected in 1994 and 1996–1998, and the concentrations of PCB were higher in feed samples collected in 1997 and 1998, in drinking water samples collected in 1994 and 1995, and in pork samples collected in 1996–1998. The health risk of DDT, lindane, and PCB has been assessed as moderate, medium, and moderately increased, respectively.  

scholarly journals Identifikasi Bakteri Escherichia coli dalam Air Minum Galon pada Kantin yang ada di Universitas Andalas Padang

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rayhan Braja Gitawama ◽  
Netti Suharti ◽  
Nora Harminarti
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Agency ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

The National Food and Drug Agency has controlled the refill drinking water in drinking water depots and also controlled food at school canteens ranging from elementary, junior high, to high school, but the National Food and Drug Agency never do food quality controlling in canteens at universities. Objectives: To identified the contamination by coliform and E. coli bacteria in drinking water at Andalas University canteen. Methods: This research was descriptive to identify coliform bacteria on  15 drinking water at the Andalas University faculty canteens.  Samples were taken directly using a sterile bottle, while data analysis using Most Probable Number  (MPN)  tables 5-1-1 and the presence of E. coli bacteria colonies from drinking water samples. Results: 9 of 15 water samples were contaminated by coliform bacteria with the highest MPN index of 240/100 ml that was found in 2 samples. From 9 samples containing coliform bacteria, all of them were found to contain E. coli bacteria. Conclusion: Most of the samples were contaminated by coliform and E. coli bacteria. Drinking water served using a kettle was more contaminated than drinking water served using gallons.Keywords: Coliform, Escherichia coli, MPN

scholarly journals Comparison of Membrane Filtration and Multiple-Tube Fermentation by the Colilert and Enterolert Methods for Detection of Waterborne Coliform Bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Enterococci Used in Drinking and Bathing Water Quality Monitoring in Southern Sweden

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 3079-3083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl F. Eckner
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Southern Sweden ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

ABSTRACT A total of 338 water samples, 261 drinking water samples and 77 bathing water samples, obtained for routine testing were analyzed in duplicate by Swedish standard methods using multiple-tube fermentation or membrane filtration and by the Colilert and/or Enterolert methods. Water samples came from a wide variety of sources in southern Sweden (Skåne). The Colilert method was found to be more sensitive than Swedish standard methods for detecting coliform bacteria and of equal sensitivity for detecting Escherichia coli when all drinking water samples were grouped together. Based on these results, Swedac, the Swedish laboratory accreditation body, approved for the first time in Sweden use of the Colilert method at this laboratory for the analysis of all water sources not falling under public water regulations (A-krav). The coliform detection study of bathing water yielded anomalous results due to confirmation difficulties. E. coli detection in bathing water was similar by both the Colilert and Swedish standard methods as was fecal streptococcus and enterococcus detection by both the Enterolert and Swedish standard methods.

scholarly journals Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Source and Drinking Water Samples from a First Nations Community in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (15) ◽  
pp. 4767-4775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh M. Fernando ◽  
Hein Min Tun ◽  
Jenna Poole ◽  
Rakesh Patidar ◽  
Ru Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Nations Community ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

ABSTRACTAccess to safe drinking water is now recognized as a human right by the United Nations. In developed countries like Canada, access to clean water is generally not a matter of concern. However, one in every five First Nations reserves is under a drinking water advisory, often due to unacceptable microbiological quality. In this study, we analyzed source and potable water from a First Nations community for the presence of coliform bacteria as well as various antibiotic resistance genes. Samples, including those from drinking water sources, were found to be positive for various antibiotic resistance genes, namely,ampC,tet(A),mecA, β-lactamase genes (SHV-type, TEM-type, CTX-M-type, OXA-1, and CMY-2-type), and carbapenemase genes (KPC, IMP, VIM, NDM, GES, and OXA-48 genes). Not surprisingly, substantial numbers of total coliforms, includingEscherichia coli, were recovered from these samples, and this result was also confirmed using Illumina sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. These findings deserve further attention, as the presence of coliforms and antibiotic resistance genes potentially puts the health of the community members at risk.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we highlight the poor microbiological quality of drinking water in a First Nations community in Canada. We examined the coliform load as well as the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in these samples. This study examined the presence of antibiotic-resistant genes in drinking water samples from a First Nations Community in Canada. We believe that our findings are of considerable significance, since the issue of poor water quality in First Nations communities in Canada is often ignored, and our findings will help shed some light on this important issue.

Enteric viruses in renovated water in Manitoba

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sekla ◽  
W. Stackiw ◽  
C. Kay ◽  
L. VanBuckenhout
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Enteric Viruses ◽  
The Town ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Using various concentration procedures (including the gauze pad method, ultrafiltration, and adsorption–elution), enteric viruses, mainly vaccine strains of polioviruses, were isolated from 61.8% of sewage, 20.5% of effluents, 3.0% of river water, and 6.7% of drinking water samples collected from a waterway system in Manitoba. The presence of polioviruses in the drinking water of the town utilizing this waterway was not correlated with an increase in the number of infectious diseases reported.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document