The EC Bathing Water Virological Standard: Is It Realistic?

A total of 50 Finnish bathing water samples and 34 sewage effluent samples originating from 17 locations were studied in the summers of 2006 and 2007. Campylobacter were present in 58% and adenoviruses in 12% of all bathing water samples; 53% of all sewage effluent samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. and 59% for adenoviruses. C. jejuni was the most common Campylobacter species found and human adenovirus serotype 41 was the most common identified adenovirus type. Bathing water temperature displayed a significant negative relationship with the occurrence of Campylobacter. One location had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of C. coli isolates in the bathing water and in sewage effluent, suggesting that sewage effluent was the source of C. coli at this bathing site. The counts of faecal indicator bacteria were not able to predict the presence of Campylobacter spp. or adenoviruses in the bathing waters. Thus the observed common presence of these pathogens in Finnish sewage effluents and bathing waters may represent a public health risk. The low water temperature in Finland may enhance the prevalence of Campylobacter in bathing waters. More attention needs to be paid to minimizing the concentrations of intestinal pathogens in bathing waters.

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Hydro-environmental modelling for bathing water compliance of an estuarine basin

Water Research ◽

10.1016/s0043-1354(01)00396-7 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 1854-1868 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

S.M Kashefipour ◽

B Lin ◽

E Harris ◽

R.A Falconer

Keyword(s):

Environmental Modelling ◽

Bathing Water

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Bathing water quality

Managing European Coasts - Environmental Science ◽

10.1007/3-540-27150-3_4 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 75-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stavros Georgiou

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Bathing Water Quality

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An assessment of the impact of the proposed EU bathing water directive on Irish coastal bathing area compliance

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0595 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (3-4) ◽

pp. 225-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. Chawla ◽

K. Real ◽

B. Masterson

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Quality Standards ◽

Water Quality Standards ◽

Microsoft Excel ◽

Microbial Water Quality ◽

Bathing Water Directive ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Good Classification ◽

The Impact

An assessment of the impact of the new microbial water quality standards of the proposed EU Bathing Water Directive on the classification of designated Irish coastal bathing areas is presented. The new standards are applied retrospectively to the microbial water quality results for the bathing seasons of 1999, 2000 and 2001, and the outcome is compared with that recorded under the present Bathing Water Directive. A Microsoft EXCEL application was developed to generate the retrospective bathing area classifications according to the proposed Directive (Excellent, Good, Poor). It was found that the number of Irish coastal bathing areas not attaining ‘Excellent’ classification (as would be required at present for the Blue Flag award) was trebled; the number attaining ‘Good’ classification was increased by about 50%, and the number attracting ‘Poor’ classification (equivalent to ‘Fail’ under the present Directive) was increased nine-fold. Some of the shortcomings of the proposed Directive and suggestions for its revision are discussed.

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Modeling of <i>E. coli</i> distribution for hazard assessment of bathing waters affected by combined sewer overflows

Natural Hazards and Earth System Science ◽

10.5194/nhess-20-1219-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 1219-1232 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luca Locatelli ◽

Beniamino Russo ◽

Alejandro Acero Oliete ◽

Juan Carlos Sánchez Catalán ◽

Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Hazard Assessment ◽

Health Hazard ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Combined Sewer Overflows ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Bathing Waters ◽

Combined Sewer ◽

Bathing Water Quality

Abstract. Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) affect bathing water quality of receiving water bodies by bacterial pollution. The aim of this study is to assess the health hazard of bathing waters affected by CSOs. This is useful for bathing water managers, for risk assessment purposes, and for further impact and economic assessments. Pollutant hazard was evaluated based on two novel indicators proposed in this study: the mean duration of insufficient bathing water quality (1) over a period of time (i.e., several years) and (2) after single CSO/rain events. In particular, a novel correlation between the duration of seawater pollution and the event rainfall volume was developed. Pollutant hazard was assessed through a coupled urban drainage and seawater quality model that was developed, calibrated and validated based on local observations. Furthermore, hazard assessment was based on a novel statistical analysis of continuous simulations over a 9-year period using the coupled model. Finally, a validation of the estimated hazard is also shown. The health hazard was evaluated for the case study of Badalona (Spain) even though the methodology presented can be considered generally applicable to other urban areas and related receiving bathing water bodies. The case study presented is part of the EU-funded H2020 project BINGO (Bringing INnovation to OnGOing water management – a better future under climate change).

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Legal aspects of sea water quality: Turkish and EU directives

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2005.0389 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

D. Dolgen

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Sea Water ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

Coastal Environment ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Eu Directives ◽

Laws And Regulations

This paper primarily addresses underlying laws and regulations related to protection of the coastal environment and examines their implementation. In this context, Directive 76/160/EEC which is the leading directive on the quality of bathing water and its revision, i.e. Commission Proposal COM (2000) 860 Final, is investigated particularly and criticized on technical and scientific manner; and similar and dissimilar issues between the Community Directives and Turkish Laws are evaluated. The conducted study reveals that although the Turkish legislation in the field of water quality is largely in line with the acquis, further efforts are also needed with respect to implementation in order to achieve full harmonization.

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Stormwater overflow impacts on the sanitary quality of bathing waters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2007.742 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 56 (11) ◽

pp. 43-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. Soyeux ◽

F. Blanchet ◽

B. Tisserand

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Active Management ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Bathing Waters ◽

Management Concept ◽

On Line ◽

Bathing Water Quality ◽

High Level ◽

Water Quality Deterioration

New European Directive 2006/7/EC concerning the management of bathing water quality introduces the concept of ‘active management of bathing water sanitary quality’ which could lead to a temporary bathing prohibition in case of short term pollution. For the last three bathing seasons, Veolia has carried out in experimental mode this ‘active management’ concept at more than one hundred bathing sites with various characteristics. Results confirm the high level of microbiological pollution observed in sewer overflows during rainy periods, which is the main cause of bathing water quality deterioration. An on-line treatment solution has been successfully tested. This solution may be used in dense urban areas.

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Occurrence of chemicals with known or suspected endocrine disrupting activity in drinking water, groundwater and surface water, Austria 2017/2018

Die Bodenkultur Journal of Land Management Food and Environment ◽

10.2478/boku-2018-0014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 155-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Werner Brueller ◽

Norbert Inreiter ◽

Thomas Boegl ◽

Martin Rubasch ◽

Samim Saner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Surface Water ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Limit Value ◽

Bathing Water ◽

Drinking Water Resources ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Polybrominated Diphenylethers

Summary Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cause adverse effects in individuals and their offspring. In 2017 and 2018, we performed a survey on representative samples of Austrian drinking water (n = 20), groundwater (n = 22), and surface water (n = 12), the latter including bathing water (n = 5) and rivers (n = 7). We analyzed 54 samples for 28 parameters, including estrogens, polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), phthalates, perfluoroalkyl substances, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and triclosan, correlating to 1512 measurements. In 39 of the 54 samples (72.2%), at least one endocrine disrupting or potentially disrupting chemical was found at or above the limit of quantification. None of the samples yielded estrogens or triclosan in detectable levels. Bisphenol A (BPA) was detected in 4 (20.0%) samples of drinking water, in 1 (4.5%) groundwater sample, and in 1 (20%) bathing water sample, with a maximum concentration of 0.021 μg/l found in one drinking water. Two drinking water samples yielded BPA in concentrations above the limit value of 0.01 μg/l, recently proposed by the European Commission for drinking water. Therefore, the ultimate public health goal must be to further reduce and restrict the production of EDCs and therewith decrease and eventually eliminate the contamination of drinking water resources.

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