scholarly journals Occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. and adenoviruses in Finnish bathing waters and purified sewage effluents

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Maria Hokajärvi ◽  
Tarja Pitkänen ◽  
Henri M. P. Siljanen ◽  
Ulla-Maija Nakari ◽  
Eila Torvinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Sewage Effluents ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Intestinal Pathogens ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

A total of 50 Finnish bathing water samples and 34 sewage effluent samples originating from 17 locations were studied in the summers of 2006 and 2007. Campylobacter were present in 58% and adenoviruses in 12% of all bathing water samples; 53% of all sewage effluent samples were positive for Campylobacter spp. and 59% for adenoviruses. C. jejuni was the most common Campylobacter species found and human adenovirus serotype 41 was the most common identified adenovirus type. Bathing water temperature displayed a significant negative relationship with the occurrence of Campylobacter. One location had identical pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of C. coli isolates in the bathing water and in sewage effluent, suggesting that sewage effluent was the source of C. coli at this bathing site. The counts of faecal indicator bacteria were not able to predict the presence of Campylobacter spp. or adenoviruses in the bathing waters. Thus the observed common presence of these pathogens in Finnish sewage effluents and bathing waters may represent a public health risk. The low water temperature in Finland may enhance the prevalence of Campylobacter in bathing waters. More attention needs to be paid to minimizing the concentrations of intestinal pathogens in bathing waters.

Sewage contamination of coastal bathing waters in england and wales A bacteriological and epidemiological study

1959 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Small Series ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Ranking Order

1. Bacteriological surveys of more than forty popular bathing beaches around the coasts of England and Wales have been made during the past 5 years. The great majority of the beaches studied were subject to contamination with sewage.2. A rough grading of the beaches studied gave a similar ranking order whether the results of the presumptive coliform test or faecal coli counts were used as the basis of grading.3. Grading of beaches was valid only when surveys were carefully planned to ensure representative sampling from the areas on the beaches concerned where bathing actually took place.4. The coliform test as used in the bacteriological examination of drinking waters was the main test procedure used but had certain limitations. Promising results with plate counts on relatively non-inhibitory media were obtained.5. Various salmonella serotypes, notablySalm. paratyphi B, were isolated in small numbers from a high proportion of sea-water samples. The proportion of positive results for salmonella isolation increased from 13·3% in samples with less than 1000 coliform organisms per 100 ml. to 40·1% in samples with over 10,000 coliforms per 100 ml. Comparison of the numbers of salmonellae isolated with what is known of the minimum infective doses of these organisms suggested that very large volumes of sea water would require to be ingested for infection to occur.6. Poliovirus was not isolated from a small series of sea-water samples examined. Because of the very large dilution factor, special concentration procedures would probably be required to isolate this virus from sea water.7. Four cases of paratyphoid fever probably due to bathing were recorded. Surveys of the two associated beaches had given median presumptive coliform counts of more than 10,000 per 100 ml., and both showed gross macroscopic pollution with sewage.8. A statistically controlled study of the bathing histories of 150 poliomyelitis cases in children living permanently by the seaside gave no evidence that bathing had played any part in causing the disease.

scholarly journals Increasing water temperatures exacerbate the potential for density dependence in juvenile steelhead

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 897-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut Marius Myrvold ◽  
Brian Patrick Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Local Densities ◽  
A1b Scenario

We studied the potential effects of predicted climate change on the energetic demands of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their consequences for local population size and structure in Idaho, USA. Projected increases in water temperature incurred on average a 10% higher energetic cost by 2040 (range 7.0%–12.5% among study reaches in the watershed) and a 16% increase (range 8.5%–21.3%) by 2080 following the A1B scenario. The predicted increase in energetic cost was largest in the coolest stream reaches, where the proportional increases in energetic cost exceed that of temperature. Energetically, and in absence of increases in food supply, local densities were consequently expected to decline. We examined which factors best described the shape of current size distributions to explore future size distributions as temperatures increase. Mass distribution skewness was best explained by local biomass (positive relationship) and water temperature (negative relationship). The results suggest that local steelhead cohorts will approach a platykurtic, slightly negatively skewed distribution with increasing temperatures and demonstrate that temperature can exacerbate demographic density dependence in fish populations.

scholarly journals Modeling of <i>E. coli</i> distribution for hazard assessment of bathing waters affected by combined sewer overflows

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1219-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Locatelli ◽  
Beniamino Russo ◽  
Alejandro Acero Oliete ◽  
Juan Carlos Sánchez Catalán ◽  
Eduardo Martínez-Gomariz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Combined Sewer Overflows ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Bathing Water Quality

Abstract. Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) affect bathing water quality of receiving water bodies by bacterial pollution. The aim of this study is to assess the health hazard of bathing waters affected by CSOs. This is useful for bathing water managers, for risk assessment purposes, and for further impact and economic assessments. Pollutant hazard was evaluated based on two novel indicators proposed in this study: the mean duration of insufficient bathing water quality (1) over a period of time (i.e., several years) and (2) after single CSO/rain events. In particular, a novel correlation between the duration of seawater pollution and the event rainfall volume was developed. Pollutant hazard was assessed through a coupled urban drainage and seawater quality model that was developed, calibrated and validated based on local observations. Furthermore, hazard assessment was based on a novel statistical analysis of continuous simulations over a 9-year period using the coupled model. Finally, a validation of the estimated hazard is also shown. The health hazard was evaluated for the case study of Badalona (Spain) even though the methodology presented can be considered generally applicable to other urban areas and related receiving bathing water bodies. The case study presented is part of the EU-funded H2020 project BINGO (Bringing INnovation to OnGOing water management – a better future under climate change).

Stormwater overflow impacts on the sanitary quality of bathing waters

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Soyeux ◽  
F. Blanchet ◽  
B. Tisserand
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Bathing Water ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Management Concept ◽  
On Line ◽  
Bathing Water Quality ◽  
High Level ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

New European Directive 2006/7/EC concerning the management of bathing water quality introduces the concept of ‘active management of bathing water sanitary quality’ which could lead to a temporary bathing prohibition in case of short term pollution. For the last three bathing seasons, Veolia has carried out in experimental mode this ‘active management’ concept at more than one hundred bathing sites with various characteristics. Results confirm the high level of microbiological pollution observed in sewer overflows during rainy periods, which is the main cause of bathing water quality deterioration. An on-line treatment solution has been successfully tested. This solution may be used in dense urban areas.

Removal of cyanotoxins in drinking water using ozone and ozone-hydrogen peroxide (peroxone)

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guhankumar Ponnusamy ◽  
Lijo Francis ◽  
Kavithaa Loganathan ◽  
Oluwaseun O. Ogunbiyi ◽  
Saad Jasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Toxin Removal ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Abstract Presence of cyanotoxins in drinking water poses a great risk to public health. Elevated levels of cyanotoxins in drinking water can lead to acute gastroenteritis, liver diseases, and neurotoxicity. In this study, drinking water samples were collected across the eastern part of Qatar and screened using a rapid assay to detect the presence of microcystins and nodularins. The results showed that the toxin concentrations in all the water samples were below the WHO prescribed limit of 1 μg/L. Considering a worst-case scenario, toxin removal efficiencies were evaluated using ozone and ozone-hydrogen peroxide by spiking drinking water samples with microcystin-LR (MC-LR) at different oxidant dosages, toxin concentrations, water temperatures, and total organic carbon. It was found that peroxone-treated water samples have better MC-LR removal efficiency than molecular ozone at lower oxidant dosages. Nevertheless, at higher oxidant dosages, both ozonation and peroxone oxidation methods showed a similar removal efficiency. The experimental results also clearly indicated that variation in water temperature between 22 °C and 35 °C has minimal effect on the removal efficiency in both the treatment methods. It was also confirmed that the presence of organic carbon has a more profound detrimental impact than water temperature for toxin removal.

The Occurrence and Viability of Giardia spp. Cysts in UK Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Gilmour ◽  
H. V. Smith ◽  
P. G. Smith ◽  
G. P. Morris ◽  
R. W. A. Girdwood
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Vital Dye ◽  
Sewage Effluents

Modifications of the existing methods for the isolation of Giardia spp. cysts from water enabled up to 33% of seeded cysts to be recovered. Using this method, 263 environmental samples were analysed for the presence of cysts, of which 34.4% were positive. All sewage effluents, 85% of recreational waters, 46% of raw potable water samples and 22% of treated water samples contained cysts (range 0.14 - 359/litre). A higher percentage of positive samples occurred in the summer and autumn in raw water, whereas the levels of cysts in treated waters showed little seasonal variation. A fluorogenic vital dye assay, which compares favourably with in vitro excystation, has been developed, and using this assay, viable cysts wire detected in 33% of the positive raw water samples and 42% of the positive treated water samples.

Human Adenovirus Diversity in Water Samples Using a Next-Generation Amplicon Sequencing Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Ogorzaly ◽  
Cécile Walczak ◽  
Mélissa Galloux ◽  
Stéphanie Etienne ◽  
Benoît Gassilloud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Human Adenovirus ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Next Generation

Seasonal distribution of bdellovibrios at the mouth of the Patuxent River in the Chesapeake Bay

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry N. Williams ◽  
William A. Falkler Jr. ◽  
Donald E. Shay
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Patuxent River

Water samples taken at monthly intervals from three sites in the mouth of the Patuxent River in the Chesapeake Bay were cultured for bdellovibrios lytic to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and for total viable bacterial counts. The number of bdellovibrios recovered decreased from the spring months (April, May, June (AMJ)) until very few were detected during the winter months (January, February, March (JFM)), which also coincided with the lowest water temperatures. During the AMJ season there was a significant increase as compared with the JFM season in the number of bdellovibrios for all sites. The highest number of bdellovibrios was recovered during each season from the shoreline water sample, with one exception. The seasonal variation in the number of bdellovibrios was observed to correlate statistically with the water temperature.

scholarly journals Seasonal variations in the occurrence of Vibriovulnificusalong the Dutch coast

1994 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Veenstra ◽  
P. J. G. M. Rietra ◽  
J. M. Coster ◽  
E. Slaats ◽  
S. Dirks-Go
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Dutch Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea

SUMMARYThe seasonal variation in the occurrence ofV. vulnificusin relation to water temperature and salinity was studied along the Dutch coast. In two consecutive yearsV. vulnificusstrains could be isolated in August when the water temperature was highest. The indole-positive strains isolated from North Sea water samples were identical to most strains isolated from human disease and from the environment. However, strains isolated from four of five patients living in countries around the North Sea were different from the North Sea isolates in that they were indole-negative and have a lower NaCl tolerance.

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