The Rotterdam Initiative in Reducing Waste Discharges at Source

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
T. Vellinga ◽  
J. P. J. Nijssen
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Detailed Balance ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
The North ◽  
Complementary Role ◽  
Action Programme ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Set Up

Much of the material dredged from the port of Rotterdam is contaminated to such a degree that it must be placed in specially constructed sites. The aim of Rotterdam is to ensure that the dredged material will once again be clean. This will entail the thorough cleansing of the sources of the contamination of the sediment in the harbours and in the River Rhine. The Rotterdam Rhine Research Project (RRP) is one of the means to achieve this based on: technical research, legal research, public relations and dialogues with dischargers. The programme for five selected heavy metals is almost complete. For many heavy metal discharge points between Rotterdam and Rheinfelden, a specially devised independent load assessment has been carried out four times. Balance studies were used to determine the relative contributions of the point discharges to the total. Currently the results are being used in an attempt to negotiate agreements with a selected number of the major dischargers. At present, more detailed balance studies are being set up and exploratory measurements carried out for organic micropollutants. It may be concluded that the research is progressing successfully and methods and techniques developed seem satisfactory and broadly applicable. The Rhine Action Programme encompasses an international effort to improve the quality of the Rhine water. Although the RRP plays a modest complementary role to the Rhine Action Plan, there is no doubt of the value of this Rotterdam initiative. The mode of work followed in the RRP contains elements that can be of use in combatting the contamination of the North Sea by rivers other than the Rhine.

Strategy for Protecting the North Sea: A Chemical Industry Perspective

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
J. R. Lawrence ◽  
N. C. D. Craig
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Important Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Anthropogenic Inputs ◽  
Seven Principles ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Cost

The public has ever-rising expectations for the environmental quality of the North Sea and hence of everreducing anthropogenic inputs; by implication society must be willing to accept the cost of reduced contamination. The chemical industry accepts that it has an important part to play in meeting these expectations, but it is essential that proper scientific consideration is given to the potential transfer of contamination from one medium to another before changes are made. A strategy for North Sea protection is put forward as a set of seven principles that must govern the management decisions that are made. Some areas of uncertainty are identified as important research targets. It is concluded that although there have been many improvements over the last two decades, there is more to be done. A systematic and less emotive approach is required to continue the improvement process.

Present Status of the Salmonids Atlantic Salmon and Sea-Trout in the Dutch Part of the River Rhine

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Cazemier
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
River Rhine ◽  
Sea Trout ◽  
The Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Heavy Pollution

In the past, the anadromous salmonids, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea-trout (Salmo trutta), have formed natural populations in the river Rhine. From the beginning of the nineteenth century onwards, the greater part of the drainage area of the river has been gradually altered from a more or less rural and agricultural area, into a highly industrialised one with subsequent industrialisation, river-engineering and heavy pollution. These developments are considered to be the major cause for the disappearance of the populations of anadromous salmonid fish in the 1950s. The water quality has recovered significantly during the past 25 years. From about 1975 onwards, this process gave rise to a recovery of the anadromous trout population. Results of recent studies of the sea-trout migration pattern are presented. They reveal that nowadays these salmonids can complete their up- and downstream migrations from the North Sea to places, situated at hundreds of kilometres upward the river and vica versa. The numbers of recorded Atlantic salmon and catch locations in inland waters are presented. They show a significant increase since 1989. These phenomena can be understood as promising signs of the recovery of the Rhine aquatic ecosystem.

scholarly journals The Size of Diatoms II. Further Observations on Rhizosolenia styliformis (Brightwell)

1946 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Wimpenny
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Southern North Sea ◽  
Auxospore Formation ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Antarctic

1. Diameter measurements of Rhizosolenia styliformis from the Antarctic, the subtropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and from the North Sea and neighbouring waters have made it appear necessary to set up two varieties, oceanica and semispina, in addition to the type of the species R. styliformis. The type as I describe it has been called var. longispina by Hustedt, but elsewhere it has often been figured as the var. oceanica of this paper. Var. semispina is synonymous with the form represented by Karsten as R. semispina Hensen. It differs from R. semispina as drawn by Hensen and its synonym R. hebetata forma semispina Gran, but is thought likely to be linked by intermediates. If this is so R. hebetata may have to be extended to include and suppress R. styliformis, as var. semispina is linked to the type by intermediates. Var. oceanica has no intermediate forms and, if R. hebetata is to be extended, this variety should be established as a separate species.2. Var. oceanica is absent from the southern North Sea and appears to be an indicator species related to oceanic inflow.3. Auxospore formation was observed for the type in the southern North Sea in 1935 and biometric observations suggest that a period of 3-4 years elapsed between the production of auxospore generations in that area. Outside the southern North Sea for the type, measurements give no indication of auxospore generations occurring at intervals exceeding a year. While auxospore formation has been seen in var. oceanica from the Shetlands area samples of June 1935 and July 1938, this phenomenon has not been observed for var. semispina.

scholarly journals Quality of outdoor and indoor environment during the cruise of the tall ship STS Fryderyk Chopin

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00024
Author(s):  
Szymon Firląg
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
The North ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Open Sea ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Pm 10 ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this paper is to present the results of measurements, on the quality of internal and external environment, carried out during the cruise of the tall ship STS Fryderyk Chopin. The cruise took place between 16th and 30th September 2017 as part of the scientific seminar of the Warsaw University of Technology (WUT) on the Wave, addressed to students of the WTU. After leaving the port of Edinburgh, crossing the North Sea, the Danish straits, stops in Copenhagen and Kołobrzeg, the tall ship reached Szczecin after two weeks. The measurements carried out on the deck included the temperature and relative humidity of the indoor air in three cabins and the men’s bathroom. In two cabins, the CO2 concentration was measured additionally. The outdoor temperature, relative humidity and concentration of PM 1.0, PM 2.5 and PM 10 were also measured. The obtained results allowed to assess the quality of the internal environment in accordance with the standards and to analyze the effectiveness of the mechanical ventilation system. Measurements of particulate matter have shown significant differences between outdoor air quality in the open sea and in ports or near major shipping routes. It turned out that the impact of emissions from passing ships using diesel engines is clearly visible.

scholarly journals Delft Dashboard: a quick set-up tool for hydrodynamic models

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-527
Author(s):  
Maarten van Ormondt ◽  
Kees Nederhoff ◽  
Ap van Dongeren
Keyword(s):  
Test Cases ◽  
Wind Fields ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
The North ◽  
Predictive Skill ◽  
Source Program ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Spatially Varying

Abstract The open-source program Delft Dashboard (DDB) is a graphical user interface designed to quickly create, edit input parameters and visualize model inputs for a number of hydrodynamic models, using private or publicly available local and global datasets. It includes a number of toolboxes that facilitate the generation of spatially varying inputs. These include new model schematizations (grids, bathymetry, boundary conditions, etc.), cyclonic wind fields and initial tsunami waves. The use of DDB can have significant benefits. It can save modellers considerable time and effort. Furthermore, the automated nature of both data collection and pre-processing within the program reduces the likelihood of errors that could occur when setting up models manually. Three case studies are presented: simulation of tides in the North Sea, storm surge and wave modelling under tropical cyclone conditions and the simulation of a tsunami. The test cases show that models created with DDB can be set up efficiently while maintaining a predictive skill that is only slightly lower than that of extensively calibrated models.

The water quality of UK rivers entering the North Sea

2000 ◽  
Vol 251-252 ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Neal ◽  
W.A House ◽  
G.J.L Leeks ◽  
B.A Whitton ◽  
R.J Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea
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