Sorption of Organic Pollutants from Vapor Phase: The Effects of Natural Solid Characteristics and Moisture Content

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shimizu ◽  
N. Takei ◽  
Y. Terashima
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Kd Values ◽  
Us Epa

The sorption of trichloroethylene (TCE) from vapor phase onto natural solids was investigated by batch sorption experiments. The effects of natural solid characteristics and moisture content on the sorption of TCE vapor were evaluated. As natural solids, six different US EPA soils and sediments were used. The moisture content of each natural solid was adjusted at four different values, including oven-dried condition. The linear sorption coefficients of TCE from the vapor phase (Kd’) were about one to four orders of magnitude greater than those from the aqueous phase. The Kd’ values for the oven-dried natural solids had poor correlation to the organic carbon content of natural solids. These results indicated that the sorption of TCE vapor was not controlled by the organic carbon referenced hydrophobic sorption. The Kd’ values for the oven-dried natural solids, however, correlate well with the cation exchange capacity (CEC) and swelling clay content of natural solids. The interaction of TCE molecules with the exchangeable cations on natural solid surface could be a dominant sorption mechanism. The Kd’ values decreased with increasing the moisture content of natural solids. The water on natural solid surface interferes the vapor-phase sorption of TCE onto the surface cations.

Sorption of Anionic Pentachlorophenol (PCP) in Aquatic Environments: The Effect of pH

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Shimizu ◽  
S. Yamazaki ◽  
Y. Terashima
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Swelling Clay ◽  
Ph Range

The sorption of pentachlorophenol (PCP, pKa’ = 4.75) onto natural solids from aqueous phase was investigated by batch sorption experiments. The experimental aqueous phase was prepared for set values of pH (2 to 12) and ionic strength (0.1 M). Experimental results indicated that the sorption decreased with increasing pH over the entire pH range tested. A simple mathematical model, based on the hypotheses that the sorption coefficients of non-ionized and ionized species are different and the pH has only negligible effect on the natural solid characteristics, was applied to the pH range between 6 and 8, and the sorption coefficients (Kd) of both species were estimated. The Kd of ionized species (phenolate anion) was smaller than that of non-ionized species. The Kd of both species had poor correlation to the organic carbon content of natural solids. The Kd, however, correlated well with the swelling clay content and cation exchange capacity of natural solids. These results indicated that the sorption of PCP was not controlled by the organic carbon referenced hydrophobic sorption. For broader pH range (i.e., below 6 or above 8), the dependence of the natural solid characteristics on pH must be additionally included in the model.

Surface area of soils of contrasting mineralogies using para-nitrophenol adsorption and its relation to air-dry moisture content of soils

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. Hedley ◽  
S. Saggar ◽  
B. K. G. Theng ◽  
J. S. Whitton
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Groups

The specific surface area (SSA) of a range of soils has been measured by adsorption of para-nitrophenol (pNP). These surface soils are representative of the major soil groups of New Zealand, varying in mineralogy, clay and organic carbon contents, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). All of the soils are under pastures of introduced grasses and legumes that have been regularly fertilised and grazed. The SSAs measured by pNP are compared with the values calculated from the clay content, clay mineral composition, and organic carbon content of the soils. Measured SSAs are also related to the air-dry soil moisture contents. There is a good 1:1 relation between measured and calculated SSAs. This correspondence improves when allophanic and smectitic soils are omitted from the relation. The SSAs measured by pNP are also well correlated with the air-dry moisture content and CEC of the soils. When allophanic soils are excluded, a highly significant correlation (r = 0.894; P < 0.001) is obtained between pNP surface area and moisture content of the air-dry soils. When the same relation is applied to an independent set of soils, 89% of the variations in SSA can be accounted for. We suggest that the SSAs of many soils can be reasonably deduced from their air-dry moisture content.

scholarly journals Effect of termite activity on soil under different land management strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Liane Barreto Alves Pinheiro ◽  
Rodrigo Camara ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Eduardo Lima ◽  
Maria Elizabeth Fernandes Correia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Eucalyptus Plantation ◽  
Exchangeable Acidity ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Mound-building termites are important agents of soil bioperturbation, but these species have not been extensively studied thus far. The present study aimed to evaluate the soil particle-size and the chemical attributes of termite mounds and the surrounding soil under different land use strategies. A one-hectare plot was defined for an unmanaged degraded pasture, planted pasture, and for a eucalyptus Corymbia citriodora plantation. In each plot, the top, center, and base sections of five Cornitermes cumulans mounds, and the surrounding soil at the depths of 0-5; 5-10; 10-20 cm, were sampled in the Pinheiral, Rio de Janeiro state. In the three areas, the center of the mounds contained higher clay content, organic carbon, phosphorous, calcium and magnesium, total bases, and cation exchangeable capacity, when compared to the top, base, and the surrounding soils. However, the center had lower values of exchangeable acidity and potassium, of the three areas. In the eucalyptus plantation, the values of pH, total bases, calcium, and magnesium were lower, whereas aluminum, exchangeable acidity, sodium, and cation exchange capacity were higher both in the mounds and in the surrounding soil, in relation to the pastures. There were no differences among the three areas in terms of organic carbon, potassium, phosphorous, and total bases, in the mounds and adjacent soil. Thus, the termite activity altered the clay content and most of the soil chemical properties in all of the studied areas, but only for the center of the mounds. However, the effect of these organisms was different in the eucalyptus plantation in relation to the pasture areas.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of fertility status in soils of Dima Hasao district of Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-374
Author(s):  
A. BASUMATARY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Fertility Status ◽  
High Organic Carbon Content

Two hundred fifty geo-referenced surfaces (0-15 cm) soil samples were collected and analysed for macronutrients and micronutrients to study fertility status in soils of Dima Hasao district of Assam and their relationship with some important soil properties. Soils of the district were found to be extremely acidic to slightly acidic in reaction with a low to high organic carbon content and low in cation exchange capacity. The soil of the district indicated that the available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium status was observed to the tune of 14.0 %,7.2% and 67.2% under low and 86.0 %, 92.8 % and 32.8 %under medium categories, respectively. The overall percent deficient of exchangeable calcium, magnesium and available sulphur in soils was 25.6, 30.4 and 6.8 %, respectively. Based on critical limit, all soils were adequately supplied with DTPA-extractable Fe, Mn and Cu content. In respect of zinc and boron, soils exhibited 90.4 and 73 per cent under sufficient, while, 2.4 and 12 per cent were found deficient in DTPA -Zn and HWS-B, respectively. Soil pH and EC showed positive correlation with macro nutrients and negative correlation with micronutrients. The macro- and micronutrient showed significant positive relation with soil organic carbon and cation exchange capacity.

scholarly journals Can a single dose of biochar affect selected soil physical and chemical characteristics?

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dušan Igaz ◽  
Vladimír Šimanský ◽  
Ján Horák ◽  
Elena Kondrlová ◽  
Jana Domanová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Sorption ◽  
Linear Relationships

Abstract During the last decade, biochar has captured the attention of agriculturalists worldwide due to its positive effect on the environment. To verify the biochar effects on organic carbon content, soil sorption, and soil physical properties under the mild climate of Central Europe, we established a field experiment. This was carried out on a silty loam Haplic Luvisol at the Malanta experimental site of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra with five treatments: Control (biochar 0 t ha−1, nitrogen 0 kg ha−1); B10 (biochar 10 t ha−1, nitrogen 0 kg ha−1); B20 (biochar 20 t ha−1, nitrogen 0 kg ha−1); B10+N (biochar 10 t ha−1, nitrogen 160 kg ha−1) and B20+N (biochar 20 t ha−1, nitrogen 160 kg ha−1). Applied biochar increased total and available soil water content in all fertilized treatments. Based on the results from the spring soil sampling (porosity and water retention curves), we found a statistically significant increase in the soil water content for all fertilized treatments. Furthermore, biochar (with or without N fertilization) significantly decreased hydrolytic acidity and increased total organic carbon. After biochar amendment, the soil sorption complex became fully saturated mainly by the basic cations. Statistically significant linear relationships were observed between the porosity and (A) sum of base cations, (B) cation exchange capacity, (C) base saturation.

scholarly journals Volume‐related quantification of organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity of macropore surfaces in Bt horizons

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Leue ◽  
Daniel Uteau ◽  
Stephan Peth ◽  
Steffen Beck‐Broichsitter ◽  
Horst H. Gerke
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Changes in dispersible clay content, organic carbon content, and electrolyte composition following incubation of sodic soil

Soil Research ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 883 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. N. Nelson ◽  
J. A. Baldock ◽  
J. M. Oades
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Electrolyte Composition ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Sodic Soils ◽  
Sodic Soil ◽  
Clay Dispersion ◽  
Dispersible Clay

Measurement of dispersible clay is important for the diagnosis of structural stability problems in soil. However, clay dispersibility is known to change with water content and time. The purpose of the present study was to determine how incubation of sodic soil under different water content regimes influences clay dispersibility. Two topsoils (depth 0-0·1 m), one sodic [exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) 9 · 7] and the other non-sodic (ESP 3·8), were collected from an experimental pasture at Kyabram, Victoria, and 2 soils, a sodic topsoil (depth 0-0·1 m, ESP 6·9) and the corresponding subsoil (depth 0·2-0 m, ESP 25·7), were collected from a cropped field at Two Wells, South Australia. The soils were incubated for 264 days in a split-plot design. The main treatments were soil type and incubation water content: continuously air-dry, continuously wet (-50 kPa), or with wet/dry cycles. The subtreatment was water content at analysis: air dry or wet (-50 kPa). Clay dispersion was greater when measured on wet soils than dry soils, irrespective of water contents during the prior incubation. Electrical conductivity increased, and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), pH, and organic carbon content decreased as a function of the time for which the soils were wet. In the Kyabram soils that were wet when analysed, easily dispersible clay content increased with SAR. Decreases in moderately dispersible clay under the wetting/drying regime were not related to electrolyte composition, and were attributed to particle rearrangement and cementation. The decreases in clay dispersibility with time occurred despite net losses of carbohydrate and aliphatic materials. An implication of the work is that the decomposition of soil organic matter, even in the absence of fresh additions, may reduce clay dispersion in sodic soils by altering electrolyte concentration and composition.

scholarly journals Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: III Comparison of surface areas determined by water vapor and nitrogen gas adsorption

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen ◽  
Väinö Mäntylahti
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Water Vapor Sorption ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Vapor Sorption ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Surface Areas

The specific surface areas of ten soil samples (clay content 1—72 %, organic carbon content 0.8—11.5 %) were determined by water vapor and nitrogen gas adsorption. The surface areas obtained by application of the BET equation to water vapor sorption at p/po 0.12—0.42 (21—195 m2/g) were, on the average, 80 % of the areas determined by water vapor sorption at p/po 0.20, range 27—229 m2/g. A BET water monolayer coverage was formed on the soil surface at p/po 0.12—0.20. The BET water area correlated closely with the one-point water area (p/po 0.20). The surface area determined by nitrogen gas adsorption ranged from 0.3 to 21 m2/g and did not correlate closely with water areas. The water surface areas were closely related to soil organic carbon content, while the nitrogen area was primarily related to soil clay content.

scholarly journals Determination of soil specific surface area by water vapor adsorption: I Drying of soil samples

1987 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen ◽  
Väinö Mäntylahti
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Water Vapor Adsorption ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Clay Sample

Drying of three mineral soil samples (clay content 4—58 %, organic carbon content 1—5 %) equilibrated at 75.5 % relative humidity was studied. The soils were dried in an oven at +50°C, +70°C and + 105°C for 4 and 8 hours and in a desiccator over pure concentrated H2SO4 and P2O5. Drying over desiccants for 8 hours removed less water than drying at + 50°C. Drying over desiccants for 3—7 days was as efficient as drying at +70°C, for 14—24 days as efficient as 4 hours of drying at + 105°C. Eight hours of drying at + 105°C seemed to be too drastic, because it caused a greater weight loss in the clay sample of 5 % organic carbon content than did prolonged desiccant-drying. Drying at + 70°Cremoved as much water from fine sand which contained 4 % clay as prolonged desiccant-drying.

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