Management of Dairy Waste: A Low Cost Treatment System Using Phosphorus-Adsorbing Materials

Dairy wastes are a source of nutrient pollution of surface and ground waters in high rainfall areas of south west Western Australia. Many of the state's 546 dairies are sited over soils that are either sandy, leading to pollution of ground waters, or clayey, causing reductions in surface water quality. Awareness of the environmental implications of their activities is motivating dairy farmers to join Land Conservation District Committees, where water quality improvement is a primary goal. A low cost treatment system has been designed to reduce the water pollution potential of dairy waste. It incorporates three stages: a sump in which anaerobic digestion occurs; an aerobic vegetated filter with a base of permeable phosphorus-absorbing material; and an irrigated plantation or crop using water that has passed through the system. This paper describes the theoretical background to the design.

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The Impact of Urbanization on Water Quality: Case Study on the Alto Atoyac Basin in Puebla, Mexico

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su14020667 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 667

Author(s):

Andrés Estrada-Rivera ◽

Alfonso Díaz Fonseca ◽

Samuel Treviño Mora ◽

Wendy Argelia García Suastegui ◽

Edith Chávez Bravo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Surface Water ◽

Population Growth ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Environmental Implications ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

The Impact

Population growth, poorly planned industrial development and uncontrolled production processes have left a significant footprint of environmental deterioration in the Alto Atoyac watershed. In this study, we propose using the integrated pollution index (PI) to characterize the temporary variations in surface water quality during the rapid urbanization process in the municipalities of San Martín Texmelucán (SMT) and Tepetitla de Lardizabal (TL), in the states of Puebla and Tlaxcala, between 1985 and 2020. We assessed the correlation between the population growth rate and the water quality parameters according to the Water Quality Index (ICA). The contribution of each polluting substance to the PI was determined. The industry database was created and the increase in population and industry, and their densities, were estimated. The results indicated that the temporal pattern of surface water quality is determined by the level of urbanization. The water integrated pollution index (WPI) increased with the passage of time in all the localities: SLG 0.0 to 25.0; SMTL 25.0 to 29.0; SRT 4.0 to 29.0; VA 6.0 to 30.0; T 3.5 to 24.0 and SMA 4.0 to 27.0 from 2010 to 2020, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the five parameters (BOD5, COD, CF, TU and TSS) in the six localities were positive with the population. The values that showed a higher correlation with the population were: SLG (FC 0.86), SMTL (BOD5 0.61, COD 0.89, TSS 0.64) and SRT (TU 0.83), corresponding to highly polluted localities, which generates complex and severe environmental implications due to the unsustainable management of water resources. Achieving the sustainability of water in the watershed is a challenge that should be shared between society and state. This type of research can be a useful tool in making environmental management decisions.

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A low‐cost treatment system for underground water using Moringa oleifera seeds and Musa cavendish peels for remote communities

Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology ◽

10.1002/jctb.6581 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nur AA Aziz ◽

Niranjali Jayasuriya ◽

Linhua Fan ◽

Adel Al‐Gheethi

Keyword(s):

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Low Cost ◽

Underground Water ◽

Treatment System ◽

Remote Communities ◽

Cost Treatment

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MIMR Criterion Application: Entropy Approach to Select the Optimal Quality Parameter Set Responsible for River Pollution

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12052078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 2078

Author(s):

Domenica Mirauda ◽

Marco Ostoich

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Low Cost ◽

Surface Water Quality ◽

Principal Component ◽

Water Quality Assessment ◽

River Pollution ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Quality Level ◽

Maximum Information ◽

Optimal Quality

Surface water quality has a vital role when defining the sustainability of the ecological environment, public health, and the social and economic development of whole countries. Unfortunately, the rapid growth of the worldwide population together with the current climate change have mostly determined fluvial pollution. Therefore, the employment of effective methodologies, able to rapidly and easily obtain reliable information on the quality of rivers, is becoming fundamental for an efficient use of the resource and for the implementation of mitigation measures and actions. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is among the most widely used methods to provide a clear and complete picture of the contamination status of a river stressed by point and diffuse sources of natural and anthropic origin, leading the policy makers and end-users towards a more and more correct and sustainable management of the water resource. The parameter choice is one of the most important and complex phases and recent statistical techniques do not seem to show great objectivity and accuracy in the identification of the real water quality status. The present paper offers a new approach, based on entropy theory and known as the Maximum Information Minimum Redundancy (MIMR) criterion, to define the optimal subset of chemical, physical, and biological parameters, describing the variation of the river quality level in space and time and thus identifying its pollution sources. An algorithm was implemented for the MIMR criterion and applied to a sample basin of Northeast Italy in order to verify its reliability and accuracy. A comparison with the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed how the MIMR is more suitable and objective to obtain the optimal quality parameters set, especially when the amount of investigated variables is small, and can thus be a useful tool for fast and low-cost water quality assessment in rivers.

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Low cost wastewater treatment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1996.0150 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 33 (8) ◽

pp. 39-46 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Petr Grau

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Fault Tolerant ◽

Low Cost ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Cost Treatment ◽

Scientists And Engineers ◽

Free Environment ◽

Wastewater Treatment Systems

One of the key roles of water quality scientists and engineers is to develop affordable wastewater treatment systems, as efficient as required by applicable legislation, error and nuisance free, environment-friendly, fault-tolerant and easy to operate. The concepts of affordability and appropriateness are considered. A number of “classic” errors in the implementation of supposedly low cost treatment systems are outlined. Finally the features of three successful types of treatment technology are described.

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Design of a modified low cost treatment system for the recycling and reuse of laundry waste water

Resources Conservation and Recycling ◽

10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.03.001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 973-978 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jamil Ahmad ◽

Hisham EL-Dessouky

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Low Cost ◽

Treatment System ◽

Cost Treatment

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Removal of Arsenic in Groundwater Using Fe(III) Oxyhydroxide Coated Sand: A Case Study in Mekong Delta, Vietnam

Hydrology ◽

10.3390/hydrology9010015 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 15

Author(s):

Lavane Kim ◽

Nguyen Truong Thanh ◽

Pham Van Toan ◽

Huynh Vuong Thu Minh ◽

Pankaj Kumar

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Treatment System ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Domestic Water ◽

Arsenic In Groundwater ◽

Information Gap ◽

Cost Treatment ◽

Coated Sand ◽

Removal Of Arsenic

Because of its threat to the quality of freshwater resources and human health, arsenic (As) pollution is important to scientific communities and policymakers around the world. The Mekong Delta, Vietnam, is one hotspot of As pollution. Its risk assessment of different environmental components has been well documented; however, very few studies focus on As removal techniques. Considering this information gap, this study aimed to investigate the performance of an innovative and low-cost treatment system using Fe(III)-oxyhydroxide (FeOOH) coated sand to remove As(III) from aqueous solution. Batch and column experiments were conducted at a laboratory scale in order to study removal kinetics and efficiency. Experimental results indicated that the adsorption isotherm of As(III) on FeOOH coated sand using Langmuir and Freundlich models have high regression factors of 0.987 and 0.991, respectively. The batch adsorption experiment revealed that contact time was approximately 8 h for rough saturation (kinetic test). The concentration of As(III) in effluents at flow rates of 0.6 L/h, 0.9 L/h, and 1.8 L/h ranged from 1.1 µg/L to 1.7 µg/L. Results from this study indicated that FeOOH coated sand columns were effective in removing As(III) from water, with a removal efficiency of 99.1%. Ultimately, FeOOH coated sand filtration could be a potential treatment system to reduce As(III) in the domestic water supply in remote areas of the Vietnamese Mekong Delta.

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Rural Water Quality Monitoring and Exploring Low-Cost Treatment Technology with Water Hyacinth

Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.33805/2576-8484.188 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 9-12

Author(s):

Nayar Renu ◽

Patel Rajani

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Purification ◽

Water Hyacinth ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Eichhornia Crassipes ◽

Low Cost ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Hand Pump ◽

Cost Treatment

Ground water in general is clean and fresh. However, industrialization and urbanization together with intensified agricultural activity have led to increasing demands on one hand but to the potential for large scale release of contaminants on the other. Water pollution disturbs the normal uses of water for agriculture, public water supply, aquatic life, wild life and industry. An understanding of the various types of pollutants is of considerable importance to the efficient management of water resources. Inorganic pollutants discharged into natural waters consist of mineral acids, inorganic salts, metal compounds, complexes of metal and trace elements. The proposed investigation will evaluate the underground water quality of hand pump water and Tap water of Sirgitti in rural area and its surrounding industrial areas near 7 km from Bilaspur C.G. With this objective in mind, A new and low-cost technology for purification for water by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), is a feasible solution. Water samples were collected during the growth of water hyacinth. Water purification with low-cost treatment technology using water hyacinth. The common Water Hyacinth is vigorous growers known to double its population in only 12 to 15 days. In the Water Hyacinth area and the nearby area, water pH showed a decrease between the August and September sampling followed by an upward trend and stayed stable around 9.3 in the far water hyacinth area. Water transparency showed a slow increase in August and September, and then a gradual decline in October; generally, transparency was significantly lower in the water hyacinth area than in other areas. Water Hyacinth has been used in aquatic systems worldwide for waste water purification. It has tremendous capacity of absorbing nutrients and other substances from the water and hence brings the pollution load down. In the present study an attempt was made to find the potential of Water Hyacinth in the treatment of Tap and hand pump water near industrial area of Sirgitti. The parameters studied were pH, EC, DO, BOD, TDS, Salinity, Alkalinity and Turbidity. Six months of experimental investigation showed that water hyacinth reduced considerably all the physicochemical parameters and but increased the Dissolved Oxygen (DO) to a significant level therefore it is concluded that Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is highly efficient in purification of water in respect of physicochemical parameters.

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