Wastewater Treatment by Stabilization Ponds with and without Macrophytes under Arid Climate

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 177-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mandi ◽  
N. Ouazzani ◽  
K. Bouhoum ◽  
A. Boussaid
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Summer Time ◽  
Influent Flow

This paper presents a comparative study of two experimental systems, stabilization ponds without macrophytes and macrophytic ponds, to purify wastewater under arid climate of Marrakesh. Organic load (COD, TSS), bacterial load (SF, CF) and parasitical load (helminth eggs) are significantly reduced in both systems. Even though water loss was more important at the macrophytic ponds (evapotranspiration reaches 60% of influent flow), this system shows generally the best efficiency in purifying wastewater. In summer time, TSS and COD depletion is better on macrophytic ponds (TSS: 95%, COD: 87%). The stabilization ponds are more efficient to reduce nutrients: NH4+: 72%. PO4: 63% at the same period. Fecal streptococci and fecal coliforms are reduced more in stabilization ponds (CF: 99.4%, SF: 99.7%) than macrophytic ponds (CF: 96.2%, SF: 94.7%). No helminth eggs were found in the effluent from either system. The two systems ensure optimal removal of parasites allowing the eventual reuse of the treated effluents for agricultural purposes.

Application of constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment in an arid climate

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mandi ◽  
K. Bouhoum ◽  
N. Ouazzani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental System ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Reed Bed

The present study consists in assessing the efficiency of a constructed reed bed for domestic wastewater purification under an arid climate. The experimental system is made up of four beds differing in length (20, 30, 40 and 50 m) and planted with Phragmites australis. Raw domestic wastewater inflow through these beds is horizontal with a flow of 10 litres per second. Hydraulic application rate varies between 0,86 to 2,16 m3.m−2.day−1. The frequency of irrigation is weekly. The studied parameters are: the organic load (COD and TSS), nutrients (total Kjeldhal nitrogen: TKN, NH4, total phosphorus: TP, PO4) and the parasitical load (helminth eggs). Results shows that the constructed reed beds are efficient in reducing organic load (TSS: 58% to 67%; COD:48% to 62%) and parasitical load (Helminth eggs: 71% to 95%) in arid climates even with high hydraulic application rate. However, reduction of nutrient concentrations by the four beds is slight (TKN: 23 to 43%; NH4: 18 to 41%; TP: 5 to 17%; PO4: −9 to 13%). At the hot period (March to August), the reed beds seem to be more efficient in reducing organic load, nutrients and parasitical load. This period coincides with the reed's exponential growth phase. Moreover, the largest bed (50m in length) showed the best efficiency in the removal of nutrients (TKN: 53%; NH4: 61%; TP: 30%; PO4: 14%) and parasitical load (helminth eggs: 99%). This is due to its lowest application rate (0,86 m3.m−2.day−1).

scholarly journals Improving the performance of waste stabilization ponds in an arid climate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badre Achag ◽  
Hind Mouhanni ◽  
Abdelaziz Bendou
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Arid Climate ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization

Abstract In many parts of the world, waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) are currently the preferred wastewater treatment method for municipal wastewater. The objective of this research is to examine the performance of a WSP in an arid climate region and to identify ways to improve its purification efficiency so that it can meet the criteria for reuse. The results attributed the poor performance to both improper process and physical design after 12 months of physicochemical and bacteriological analyses, as well as monitoring of operation, maintenance and loading rates. In tertiary treatment, maturation ponds are added, an increase in the capacity of the station, and management of the flow rate and retention time for each pond. By simulating the new WSP with GPS-X, the best pond area ratio obtained is 2.5 m2/capita, with a retention time of 4 days for anaerobic ponds, 20 days for facultative ponds and 3 days for two maturation ponds in series, which is suitable and provides reduction rates of BOD and fecal coliforms of 95 and 99%, respectively, with an average effluent concentration of 20 mg/L and 195 CFU. According to the results, well-maintained WSPs provide a viable, self-sufficient and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment solution for irrigation water supply in dry areas.

Effect of microalgae growing on wastewater batch culture on escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae survival

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Mezrioui ◽  
B. Oudra ◽  
K. Oufdou ◽  
L. Hassani ◽  
M. Loudiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Stabilization Ponds

The stabilization pond is one of the more important biological wastewater treatment systems, applied in many countries. An experiment treating wastewater by stabilization ponds under the arid climate of Marrakesh (Morocco) has been underway since 1985. The experimental installation, made from two lined stabilization ponds, received domestic sewage which carried not only the organic load but also a significant bacterial load and other microorganisms. In this new habitat, the cells' bacterial behaviour was affected by various physico-chemical and biological factors. It appears that in such treatment system, known for excessive algal production, the microalgae has evidently an influence on bacterial growth. In this paper, we proposed to appreciate how microalgae essentially: Chlorella (Chlorophyta), Synechococcus andSynechocystis (Cyanobacteria), can affect the behaviour, survival and temporal evolution of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae. In wastewater stabilization ponds of Marrakesh high levels of V. cholerae and low concentrations of coliform bacteria were noted during summer periods. This period coincided with a bloom of picocyanobacteria associated with a weak relative abundance of Chlorella. Some interactions tests were carried out with these bacteria and these algae, using a treated wastewater batch culture. Results show that the green algae reduces V. cholerae (pathogenic bacteria) abundances more than E. coli (fecal contamination bacteria) where as better survival of this pathogenic bacteria was noted in presence of Cyanobacteria. The die-off of E. coli appears to be more reduced in presence of Cyanobacteria than Chlorella. Furthermore, the alkaline pH seems to present a more bactericidal effect on E. coli than on V. cholerae. Thus, the Cyanobacteria blooms, associated with a weak percentage of Chlorella abundance, occurring periodically during summer in sewage stabilization ponds of Marrakesh, will be considered as one of the major factors leading to high levels of V. cholerae and low abundances of fecal coliform bacteria during the hot period.

Waste stabilization ponds in France: a report on fifteen years experience

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Racault ◽  
C. Boutin ◽  
A. Seguin
Keyword(s):  
Load Level ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
System Type ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Output Load

In 1992, a survey was conducted on the performance of waste stabilization ponds in France. The data selected come from a sample of 178 ponds, with an average capacity of 600 p.e., throughout France. For each plant, one or several input--output load measurements over a 24-h period are available. The average organic load level received is approximately 25 kg BOD/ha.d, representing 50% of the nominal load. The quality of the treated water is presented based on the type of sewerage system feeding the ponds. The results appear dispersed, however; in 70% of the cases the concentrations in COD and BOD on filtered samples are under 120 mg/l and 40 mg/l, respectively, and the concentration in TSS under 120 mg/l (discharge standards in France for waste stabilization ponds). The reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are on average from 60% to 70%. The influence of different parameters (sewerage system type, organic load, season, age of plant, etc.) was studied. The results appear noticeably worse when the ponds receive wastewater from a strictly separate sewerage system.

Performance of a system combining aerated lagoons and waste stabilization ponds in a temperate climate

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 23-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Nameche ◽  
O. Dufayt ◽  
H. El Ouarghi ◽  
J.L. Vasel
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Absolute Difference ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Mean Absolute Difference ◽  
Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Components Analysis

AbstractThe Bertrix wastewater treatment plant was designed and built for experimental purposes, especially for comparing aerated lagoons and stabilization ponds in a temperate climate. This plant was designed for a capacity of 7500 inhab. eq, and aerated lagoons were dimensioned to eliminate 50% of the organic load. The remaining load has to be degraded in the series of stabilization ponds. In this paper we shall present the plant in more detail and the results of a 3-year study, i.e., 79 rounds of samples for each of the five ponds under study, placing emphasis on the performances of aerated lagoons and stabilization ponds. Principal components analysis (of inflow and outflow) of aerated lagoons and stabilization ponds will be presented and commented on. The most important factors are the hydraulic loading and the concentrations. Seasonal variations appear only in the basins' temperatures. The fates of nitrogen compounds are quite different from those of organic compounds, confirming that a high efficiency of nitrogen removal is difficult to achieve, especially for short residence times (less than eight days). A few other conclusions of our study are given below: The ponds' hydrodynamics has been studied and a mathematical model is now available If there is no stratification in the ponds, a thermal model can be proposed where the mean absolute difference is 0.7°C±0.2. In the system under study, the contribution of algal biomass to the system is very small.

Effect of dewatering and composting on helminth eggs removal from lagooning sludge under semi-arid climate

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 10988-10996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouchra El Hayany ◽  
Ghizlen El Mezouari El Glaoui ◽  
Mohammed Rihanni ◽  
Amine Ezzariai ◽  
Abdelouahed El Faiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arid Climate ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Understanding the Vegetable Contamination Process with Parasites from Wastewater Irrigation and Its Impact on Human Health in Hidalgo, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Saúl Montero-Aguirre ◽  
Iourii Nikolskii-Gavrilov ◽  
Cesáreo Landeros-Sánchez ◽  
Oscar Luis Palacios-Vélez ◽  
L. Traversoni-Domínguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Hymenolepis Diminuta ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Bibliographic Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Irrigation Waters

<p>The use of untreated municipal wastewaters for irrigating agricultural crops negatively affects human health. Thus, the sewage effluent from the city of Pachuca, in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico, used for agricultural purposes was the most important reason to undertake this research work, whose main objective was to understand the process that involves its current use as irrigation water, and the potential harm to human health because the raw vegetables produced using this irrigation scheme are being consumed by the general public. The content of fecal coliforms and helminth eggs in wastewaters were determined and the level of parasitological contamination of vegetables and the potential number of people affected was estimated due to the consumption of raw produce without proper pretreatment, a common practice in Mexico. The potential level of parasitological contamination of vegetables was estimated by analyzing bibliographic data collected under similar climatic and technological conditions as in Pachuca. Results indicate that the level of wastewater contamination from fecal coliforms in Pachuca was 5000 times higher than the maximum permissible level based on Mexican standards for irrigation waters, and for <em>Ascaris lumbricoides</em> L. and <em>Hymenolepis diminuta</em> (Rudolphi) eggs up to 64 times. The number of persons potentially infected through consumption of raw vegetables irrigated with this contaminated water was estimated to be 169,000 annually.</p>

Wastewater Treatment of Greater Agadir (Morocco): An Original Solution for Protecting the Bay of Agadir by Using the Dune Sands

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Bennani ◽  
J. Lary ◽  
A. Nrhira ◽  
L. Razouki ◽  
J. Bize ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Suspended Matter ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Original Solution ◽  
Dune Sands ◽  
Eolian Sand ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Treated Effluents

The wastewater treatment by infiltration-percolation plant at Ben Sergao (a suburb of Agadir, Morocco) foreshadows the installation which will be able to be built for Greater Agadir (first fraction: 40,000 m3/d). The present plant treats 1,000 m3/d of highly concentrated raw effluents which after being decanted in an anaerobic stabilization pond are infiltrated into 5 infiltration basins of 1,500 m2 each, constituted by a bed 2 metres thick of eolian sand drained at its base. The decanted water infiltrates at the rate of one metre per day. With this process 100 % of the suspended matter, and 95 % of the chemical oxygen demand are removed, 85 % of the nitrogen is oxidized. The parasites are entirely eliminated and the number of fecal coliforms and streptococci is made 10,000 to 100,000 times smaller. A series of experiments of irrigation by the treated effluents is under way.

scholarly journals Effect of different initial C/N ratio of cow manure and straw on microbial quality of compost

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (S1) ◽  
pp. 357-365
Author(s):  
M. A. Macias-Corral ◽  
J. A. Cueto-Wong ◽  
J. Morán-Martínez ◽  
L. Reynoso-Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Initial Carbon

Abstract Purpose The effect of different initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios on the prevalence of Salmonella spp., fecal coliforms and helminth eggs over composts produced from several mixtures of maize straw (S) and dairy manure (M) was investigated. Methods Four C/N ratios (21, 22, 27, and 38) were evaluated, including one with manure only (C/N 21). The composting process was performed under field conditions in northern Mexico. Results The process lasted 51 days; Salmonella spp. was reduced 1–2 log (> 94%) in most treatments, except for the C/N ratio of 27 which achieved < 1 log reduction (about 35%). Fecal coliforms elimination was 3–4 log (> 99%) in all treatments while helminth eggs achieved < 1 log (72–87%, depending on treatment). In this study, the mixture with initial C/N ratio of 22 (25% S + 75% M), which had the lowest amount of straw, resulted in the highest elimination of Salmonella spp., fecal coliforms, and helminth eggs. This mix complied with current Mexican sanitary regulations for compost use. The composts produced from the other C/N ratios complied only with the limits for one or two of the microorganisms that were analyzed. Conclusions The initial C/N ratios in compost from straw and manure influences microbial reduction. The final C/N of the mixes ranged from 14 to 16, indicative of stable compost. Compared to fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp. and helminth eggs were more resilient.

Removal of helminth eggs and fecal coliforms by anaerobic thermophilic sludge digestion

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cabirol ◽  
M. Rojas Oropeza ◽  
A. Noyola
Keyword(s):  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Volatile Fraction ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Biological Sludge ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions ◽  
Thermophilic Digestion

Anaerobic digestion of two types of waste sludge was applied in order to assess the suitability of thermophilic conditions for the stabilization of organic matter and removal of fecal coliforms and helminth eggs. Feeding sludge was taken from an activated sludge municipal facility (BS) and from an enhanced primary treatment municipal plant (EPT). As an accompanying experiment, mesophilic digesters were also operated. The four digesters (M1, M2, T1, T2) had a 5 litre volume and an egg shape. A highly stabilized material was obtained at both temperatures with BS type of sludge, taking the reduction of volatile fraction of suspended solids (%RVSS) as indicator (84% for M1 and 74% for T1). In general, EPT sludge was a more difficult substrate, if compared with BS sludge; thermophilic condition was better adapted than mesophilic for this kind of sludge. Satisfactory reductions on counts of fecal coliforms and helminth eggs were achieved under thermophilic digestion for both types of feeding sludge. T1 digester, fed with biological sludge, removed fecal coliforms below 1000 MPN/gTS and helminth eggs down to 0.28 HELarval/gTS, at an HRT of 20 days. As a general conclusion, anaerobic thermophilic digestion may be an appropriate option for sludge stabilization, in order to meet EPA Class A biosolids final disposal regulations. However, further research is needed in order to consistently remove helminth eggs and fecal coliforms from waste sludge at shorter hydraulic retention times.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document