Detection of Salmonella in Shellfish Grown in Polluted Seawater

Three bays along the South African coast were studied for the presence of Salmonella spp in seawater, effluent and stormwater discharges into the bays and in shellfish harvested at the same sites. The microbial quality of water and shellfish samples was studied using faecal coliforms and enterococci as indicators of pollution. A combination of Rappaport-Vassiliadis enrichment broth and bismuth sulphite agar was found to provide the best enumeration method for Salmonella spp in samples from a wide range of origins. A poor relationship between levels of indicator organisms and the presence of Salmonella spp was observed at both low and high densities of indicators. A correlation between the presence of Salmonella spp in shellfish and surrounding seawater was frequently found and in most instances Salmonella contamination could be traced to discharges in the vicinity. The findings of this study question the suitability of faecal coliform limits as guidelines for microbial quality of shellfish and shellfish harvesting grounds. Most seawater sites did not comply with the recommended indicator limits. Salmonella spp were detected in seawater and shellfish samples which were free of faecal coliforms.

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The Survey of Microbial Quality of the Dry Sample, Extract and Brewing of some Medicinal Plants

Notulae Scientia Biologicae ◽

10.15835/nsb649286 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 478-482

Author(s):

Razieh VALIASILL ◽

Majid AZIZI ◽

Maasome BAHREINI ◽

Hossein AROUIE

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Agar Medium ◽

Total Count ◽

Plate Count ◽

Microbial Quality ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

E Coli ◽

Wide Range

Medicinal plants may be exposed to a wide range of microbial contamination during pre- and post- harvest stages and they can present high microbial counts. In this study, the microbial quality of 44 samples of dry herbs namely: mint (Menthaspp.), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), summer savory (Satureja hortensis), zataria (Zataria multiflora), Indian valerian (Valeriana wallichii), their brewing and extracts were analyzed. Total count using plate count agar medium (PCA), coliform count by Violet Red Bile Agar (VRBL), Enterobacteriacea by Violet Red Bile Glucose (VRBG) were evaluated. Medium Baird-Parker agar (BP) medium and Tryptone Bile X-Gluc (TBX) medium were used for the isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aurous and E. coli spp. respectively. Furthermore, Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar medium (XLD) and Bismuth Sulfite Agar medium(BSA) were used for detection of Salmonella spp. Fungal and mold contamination was assessed using yeast extract glucose chloramphenicol agar. The results showed that the contamination of the samples with total count (100%) and Enterobacteriaceae (85%), total coliform (83%), mold and yeast (98%) and E. coli ssp. (2.27) were detected, including in the study samples the absence of pathogenic bacteria like Staphylococcus aurous, Salmonella spp. Moreover, the extract had a lower microbial load in comparison to dry herb samples. Also, the lowest and the highest of contamination rates were observed for Indian valerian and zataria, respectively. According to the results, there is a need to control the environmental conditions and improve hygiene in the production process; even more, it is recommended to choose a suitable decontamination method for disinfection during packing medicinal plants and during post-packing manipulation and transport.

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Microbiological and Chemical Quality of Portuguese Lettuce—Results of a Case Study

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9091274 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1274

Author(s):

Catarina Ferreira ◽

Filipa Lopes ◽

Reginaldo Costa ◽

Norton Komora ◽

Vânia Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽

Indicator Organisms ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Chemical Safety ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Wide Range ◽

Maximum Residue Levels ◽

Yeasts And Molds

In addition to environmental pollution issues, social concerns about the sustainability, safety, and quality of conventionally grown fruits and vegetables have been increasing. In order to evaluate if there were any microbiological differences between samples of organic and conventional lettuce, a wide range of parameters were tested, including pathogens and indicator organisms: the enumeration of Escherichia coli; the detection of Salmonella spp.; the detection/enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes; the enumeration of lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. yeasts and molds, and Enterobacteriaceae. This study also evaluated the chemical safety of the lettuce samples, quantifying the nitrate concentration and 20 pesticides (14 organochlorine and 6 organophosphorus pesticides). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between the conventional and organic samples were only detected for the counts of total microorganisms at 30 °C. Pathogens were absent in all the samples. The analytical method, using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) approach for pesticide extraction, was suitable for detecting the targeted analytes; the limit of quantification (LOQ) was between 0.6 and 1.8 µg/kg (lower than the Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) established by EU legislation). In three organic lettuce samples, one organochlorine pesticide (α-HCH) was observed below the MRLs. For the samples analyzed and for the parameters investigated, except for the total mesophilic counts, the organic and conventional lettuces were not different.

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A Study of Microbial Quality of Vacuum Packaged, Sliced Bologna1

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-41.10.811 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 41 (10) ◽

pp. 811-815 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

D. C. PARADIS ◽

M. E. STILES

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Microbial Load ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Microbial Quality ◽

Indicator Organisms ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Wide Range ◽

Contrast Group ◽

Group D

A study of 113 samples of vacuum packaged sliced bologna offered for sale in the retail marketplace revealed a wide range of total microbial loads. The pH was not closely related with age or microbial load, within the manufacturers' expected shelf-life of the product. Approximately 55% of old samples had pH >6.0, and pH was influenced by manufacturer. Confirmed coliform bacteria were detected in 5% of samples, but Escherichia coli was absent (<3/10g). In contrast, group D streptococci were present, sometimes in large numbers, depending on manufacturer. Potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens (>10/g), coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus (>25/g) and Salmonella (in 25 g of sample) were generally not detected. Only one sample contained >25 S. aureus/g. No relationship was observed between total microbial load and indicator organisms or pathogenic bacteria.

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Comparison of F-specific bacteriophage, enterococci, and faecal coliform densities through a wastewater treatment process employing oxidation ponds

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0568 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 31 (5-6) ◽

pp. 85-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. J. Turner ◽

G. D. Lewis

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Faecal Coliform ◽

Indicator Organisms ◽

Faecal Coliforms ◽

Wastewater Treatment Process ◽

Oxidation Pond ◽

Oxidation Ponds ◽

Specific Bacteriophage

Over a 12 month period F-specific bacteriophages, faecal coliforms and enterococci were compared as microbial indicator organisms for the quality of a wastewater treatment (oxidation pond) system. Results suggest that enterococci may be the most useful indicator for oxidation pond systems.

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Evaluation of the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of the Loukkos wetlands complex (Morocco)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202123400023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 234 ◽

pp. 00023

Author(s):

Badreddine Fathi ◽

Bouchra Salame ◽

Abdelghani Afilal Tribak ◽

Miriam Wahbi ◽

Mustapha Maâtouk

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

River Mouth ◽

Faecal Coliforms ◽

Summer Period ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Physicochemical Evaluation ◽

Complex Ecosystem ◽

Eastern Periphery ◽

Intestinal Enterococci

The estuary of the Loukkos River is a complex ecosystem where various factors affect the quality of water. Our study is assessing the degree of water pollution in the complex of the lower Loukkos wetland’s surface water, which is situated at the river mouth of the Loukkos river in the eastern periphery of Larache city. To realize this objective, we collected water samplings from five area sites during summer period from May to August 2016 to analyse eight parameters physicochemical including dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, suspended matter and nitrates. This study was accompanied by a bacteriological analysis relating to the enumeration of total coliforms and faecal coliforms, intestinal enterococci and reducing anaerobic sulphites. The analysis’s results shed lights on factors of contamination and collaborate to the physicochemical evaluation and bacteriologic quality of surface water. The quality indicators spatialization reveals interactions between the various phenomena acting on the functions of this Ramsar site.

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Effect of an activated carbon filter on the microbial quality of water.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.34.5.541-546.1977 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 541-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

J V Fiore ◽

R A Babineau

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Microbial Quality ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Activated Carbon Filter ◽

Carbon Filter

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Assessment of biochemical profile among patients of Microbiological Quality Assessment of Bakery Products Available in Lahore, Pakistan

DIET FACTOR (Journal of Nutritional & Food Sciences) ◽

10.54393/df.v1i01.1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 20-24

Author(s):

Anil Gill ◽

Akash John ◽

Neelam Iqbal ◽

Tallat Anwar Faridi ◽

Sofia Noor

Keyword(s):

Fecal Coliform ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Plate Count ◽

Microbial Quality ◽

Bakery Products ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Total Plate Count ◽

Wide Range ◽

Micro Organisms

Bakery items are a vital element of a well-balanced diet, and supermarket shelves now stock a wide range of them. Bakery items are the most popular ready-to-eat foods (REF).Objective:To assess the microbial quality of bakery foods (Bread, Cake and patties) and check the total plate count (TPC), bacterial and yeast count Methods:The analysis of the microbial quality of bakery products was determined for three different bakery products (bread, cake and patties) at ten different locations collected from a renowned bakery in Lahore, Pakistan. The samples were assessed under complete hygienic conditions by standardized plate count (TPC) and MPN method. Micro-organisms (Coliform, Fecal Coliform and Yeast) were lately confirmed by their morphological characteristics and biochemical tests Results: Among the three commodities, bread was found to be highly contaminated by micro-organisms and the total plate count recorded was 4.7 x 105cfu g-1collected from sector I9 which is not consumable. Whereas Patties showed the number of TPC as 1.6 x 105 cfu g-1also collected from sector I9. Cake was revealed as least infected bakery product i.e., 5.7 x 104 cfu g-1. The above results showed that sector I9 is highly contaminated and a threat for health. Bacterial plate count (Coliform and Fecal Coliform count) was highly measured in bread as 460 MPN g-1 taken from sector I5 where as it remains under the permissible limit determined by WHO, 1994 in remaining sectors Conclusions:In conclusion the bakery food is contaminated by the use of un-hygienic water, miss handled during the process after baking i.e., slicing, serving and packaging. To avoid a possible epidemic of food borne illness, competent authorities should conduct a stricter and more stringent inspection of REFs sold to clients in bakeries.

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Epilepsy and Stroke Emerging From Climate Change-Related Neurotoxicity

Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies - Handbook of Research on Global Environmental Changes and Human Health ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7775-1.ch016 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 322-347

Author(s):

Hind Benammi ◽

Omar El Hiba ◽

Abdelmohcine Aimrane ◽

Nadia Zouhairi ◽

Hicham Chatoui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Nervous System ◽

Toxic Elements ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Impact ◽

Shed Light

Climate change has an important impact on the environment. As it degrades the quality of water, soil, and area, it also spreads the distribution of many toxic elements, specifically heavy metals and pesticides. The impact of climate change on contamination with heavy metals and pesticides has been well investigated and discussed. The influence of these elements on human health is obviously exacerbated following their extended distribution. Moreover, a wide range of health problems have been associated to such intoxication, among which impairment and dysfunction of the nervous system are prominent. In this chapter, the authors will shed light on two most common neurological diseases such as epilepsy and stroke affecting people worldwide arising from food and water contaminations, mainly with heavy metals and pesticides.

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