Combined Anaerobic/Aerobic Treatment of Peroxide Bleached TMP Mill Effluent

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. B. M. Driessen ◽  
C.-O. Wasenius
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Extensive Pilot

In this paper combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment is illustrated by two examples at integrated pulp and paper mills with peroxide bleached TMP pulp production. The concept of combined biological treatment is to treat the more polluted effluents from the TMP pulp mill in an anaerobic reactor and subsequently to mix them with the less concentrated effluent, for treatment by an aerobic process. Extensive pilot research was done to confirm the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of peroxide bleached TMP mill effluent COD removal efficiencies of 55-60% were achieved at volumetric loading rates of up to 20 kg/m3/d. Possible toxic effects from peroxide could easily be neutralized by removal in a preacidification tank. Long term full scale experience proved that combined anaerobic aerobic treatment is an attractive and reliable method for treatment of peroxide bleached TMP mill effluent.

Biotreatability test of bleach wastewaters from pulp and paper mills

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 101-108
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
T. H. Mize ◽  
F. M. Saunders ◽  
S. A. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenation ◽  
Continuous Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactors ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Adsorbable Organic Halide

Research is focused on an integrated way to simultaneously optimize the bleaching operations and subsequent wastewater treatment for pulp and paper mills. Bleach wastewaters from ClO2-bleached pulping studies at Institute of Paper Science and Technology (IPST) were used as the feed for batch reactors to test and rank the treatability and kinetics. The key aspect of the system is the use of sequential anaerobic/aerobic phases to enhance reductive dehalogenation of chloro-organic materials. Two continuous reactor systems, one operated in an anaerobic-aerobic mode and a second in an aerobic-aerobic mode, received bleaching wastewater obtained from a full-scale plant. Acclimated cultures from both continuous reactors were used to quantify the AOX (Adsorbable Organic Halide) and COD removal from various bleaching wastewaters. In general, the sequential anaerobic/aerobic treatment of bleach wastewater can improve both biotreatability and degradation rates.

Anaerobic treatment for C and S removal in “zero-discharge” paper mills: effects of process design on S removal efficiencies

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. van Lier ◽  
P. N.L. Lens ◽  
L. W. Hulshoff Pol
Keyword(s):  
Loading Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Zero Discharge ◽  
Uasb Reactors

Stringent environmental laws in Europe and Northern America lead to the development towards closure of the process water streams in pulp and paper mills. Application of a "zero-discharge" process is already a feasible option for the board and packaging paper industry, provided in-line treatment is applied. Concomitant energy conservation inside the mill results in process water temperatures of 50-60°C. Thermophilic anaerobic treatment complemented with appropriate post-treatment is considered as the most cost-effective solution to meet re-use criteria of the process water and to keep its temperature. In the proposed closed-cycle, the anaerobic treatment step removes the largest fraction of the biodegradable COD and eliminates “S” as H2S from the process stream, without the use of additional chemicals. The anaerobic step is regarded as the only possible location to bleed "S" from the process water cycle. In laboratory experiments, the effect of upward liquid velocity (Vupw) and the specific gas loading rate (Vgas) on the S removal capacity of thermophilic anaerobic bio-reactors was investigated. Acidifying, sulphate reducing sludge bed reactors were fed with partly acidified synthetic paper mill wastewater and were operated at 55°C and pH 6. The reactors were operated at organic loading rates up to 50 g COD.l−1.day−1 at COD/SO42- ratios of 10. The effect of Vupw was researched by comparing the performance of a UASB reactor operated at 1.0 m.h−1 and an EGSB reactor, operated at 6.8 m.h−1. The Vupw had a strong effect on the fermentation patterns. In the UASB reactor, acidification yielded H2, acetate and propionate, leading to an accumulation of reducing equivalents. These were partly disposed of by the production of n-butyrate and n-valerate from propionate. In the EGSB reactor net acetate consumption was observed as well as high volumetric gas (CO2 and CH4) production rates. The higher gas production rates in the EGSB reactor resulted in higher S-stripping efficiencies. The effect of Vgas was further researched by comparing 2 UASB reactors which were sparged with N2 gas at a specific gas loading rate of 30 m3.m−2.day−1. In contrast to the regular UASB reactors, the gas-supplied UASB showed a more stable performance when the organic loading rates were increased. Also, the H2S stripping efficiency was 3-4 times higher in the gas-supplied UASB, reaching values of 67%. Higher values were not obtained owing to the relatively poor sulphate reduction efficiencies.

Anaerobic and Aerobic Treatment for AOX Removal

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenation ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Abiotic Degradation ◽  
In Series ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Significant Chemical ◽  
Aox Removal ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

A two-year study has focused on AOX removal from bleaching wastewaters in anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment, using bench scale bioreactors operated in parallel and in series. Significantly higher removals have been found in anaerobic than in aerobic treatment. Earlier work with dilute kraft bleaching wastes has been extended in additional laboratory tests and at a nearby kraft mill. 50-75% fractions of bleaching wastes were treated. Toxicity in the anaerobic process was encountered at 85% bleach waste fractions. Total AOX removal experienced in aerobic treatment is 30-35%, in anaerobic treatment 40-45%, and in an anaerobic/aerobic sequence 50-55%. Percentage removals were not sensitive to the fraction of bleaching wastewater. Several process modifications were attempted to try to obtain higher removals with only marginal success. Studies at a kraft mill confirmed the AOX removals that had been found in lab studies. AOX removal occurs by several mechanisms. There is a very significant chemical or abiotic degradation that occurs after neutralization, perhaps enhanced by reductants or other inorganic salts. Biological processes are much more significant in anaerobic than in aerobic treatment. Anaerobic reductive dehalogenation affects specific chlorinated compounds and catalyzed AOX degradation is facilitated by reduced coenzymes that are produced by bacteria. Removal by sorption or insolubilization is relatively minor in aerobic and anaerobic processes.

Energy efficient aeration of wastewaters from the pulp and paper industry

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2364-2371 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Bubble Column ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Mills

More than 50% of the electrical power needed to treat pulp and paper industry effluents is used for aeration in biological treatment stages. A large share of the oxygen that passes through the wastewater is not consumed and will be found in the off-gas. Energy can be saved by aerating under conditions where the oxygen transfer is most efficient, for example at low concentrations of dissolved oxygen Consider the sludge as an energy source; electricity can be saved by avoiding sludge reduction through prolonged aeration. High oxygen transfer efficiency can be retained by using the oxygen consumption of biosolids. Quantified savings in the form of needed volumes of air while still achieving sufficient COD reduction are presented. The tests have been made in a bubble column with pulp mill process water and sludge from a biological treatment plant. These were supplemented with case studies at three pulp and paper mills.

Differential recovery of δ13C in multiple tissues of white sucker across age classes after the closure of a pulp mill

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.J. Arciszewski ◽  
A.J. Farwell ◽  
M.R. Servos ◽  
T.D. Jardine ◽  
K.R. Munkittrick
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Gonad Tissue ◽  
Age Range

Techniques to document recovery after the closure of pulp mills that discharge enriching effluents are not well established, but δ13C may be a useful tool. In the 1990s, the muscle tissue of white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) collected downstream of two pulp and paper mills discharging into separate streams (Mattagami and Kapuskasing rivers) was enriched in 13C compared with upstream fish, suggesting uptake of pulp-derived C. The Mattagami River mill was closed in 2006, and analysis of muscle and gonad for δ13C was performed in 2011. As expected, fish captured in 2011 downstream of the operational Kapuskasing mill still showed the influence of the pulp-derived C in muscle and gonad tissue. After the closure of the Mattagami River mill, muscle tissue of white sucker was still enriched in 13C compared with upstream fish, while gonad tissue was not. The patterns observed in the Mattagami River were, however, related to age; the oldest fish showed enrichment of δ13C in both muscle and gonad tissue, suggesting the residual occurrence of pulp-derived C. This study suggests that measurements of stable isotopes in fish across a broad age range may indicate ecosystem improvements. These techniques may also be useful where no data prior to the upgrade or closure are available for comparison.

Biotreatability studies of pharmaceutical wastewater using an anaerobic suspended film contact reactor

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Venkata Mohan ◽  
R. S. Prakasham ◽  
B. Satyavathi ◽  
J. Annapurna ◽  
S. V. Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Bulk Drug

The pharmaceutical industrial effluents, which include several organic solvents and other toxic chemicals, are generally treated by aerobic process, which is cost intensive in nature. The alternative anaerobic route to degrade the toxic effluents is attractive due to the lower cost of treatment and the generation of gas, which can supplement the energy requirements. There are few reports on the anaerobic treatment of the pharmaceutical effluents. In the present investigation, the effluents from a bulk drug industry, which utilizes several organic chemicals, have been taken to assess their applicability for anaerobic treatment. The organic loading rates were varied from 0.25 kg/m3/day to 2.5 kg/m3/day and the COD reduction was found to be in the range of 60 to 80%. Long term operation of an anaerobic suspended film contact reactor carried out with 1.25 kg/m3/day was found to be optimum. The biogas generated during the degradation process was monitored and the methane content was found to be 60–70%.

Characterisation and biological treatment of greywater

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 193-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hernández Leal ◽  
G. Zeeman ◽  
H. Temmink ◽  
C. Buisman
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Organic Loading ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Loading Rates

Characterisation of greywater was conducted in two different greywater streams in the Netherlands (Groningen and Sneek). The concentrations of macropollutants and nutrients measured were very different in both streams; in particular the COD was 425 mg/L in Groningen's water whereas in Sneek it was 1,583 mg/L. The aerobic treatment of greywater in a fed-batch reactor led to a 90% removal of COD at different organic loading rates. Anaerobically, the removal reached 40% COD removal on average, the possible reason being the high amount of surfactants present in the influent.

Anaerobic Treatment of High Strength Acidic Organic Wastewaters Utilizing the Upflow Sludge Blanket Treatment Process

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trudell ◽  
L. van den Berg ◽  
N. Kosaric
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Effluent Recirculation ◽  
Effluent Waste ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Abstract A laboratory bench-scale study was undertaken in order to investigate the anaerobic biological treatment of high-strength acidic organic wastewaters utilizing the Upflow Sludge Blanket (USB) treatment process. A synthetic wastewater was utilized having a pH of 4.2 and consisting primarily of acetic and propionic acids. While operating at substrate loading rates of 1.1 and 2.4 kg COD/kg VSS/d (i.e., 10 and 30 kg COD/m3/d, respectively), the USB treatment process removed in excess of 90 per cent of the total COD present in the raw wastewater, for waste strengths of 2 to 32g COD/L and hydraulic retention times varying between 3.2 and 76.8 hours. The process demonstrated the ability to polish the effluent waste stream to effluent COD concentrations of less than 300 mg/L. The process was able to tolerate hydraulic and waste strength shockloads. No observable deterioration in pH or effluent quality was identified following sudden increases in wastewater concentration (e.g., 4 to 32g COD/L) or decreases in hydraulic retention time (e.g., 25.6 to 3.2 hours). The use of effluent recirculation did not influence treatment efficiency but was necessary in order to partially neutralize the influent low pH wastewater. The results of this research also demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing the USB reactor as the methane forming reactor in a two-stage anaerobic wastewater treatment system. Recommendations are provided concerning the design of such a system.

scholarly journals Wastes from pulp and paper mills - a review of generation and recycling alternatives

Cerâmica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (371) ◽  
pp. 443-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Simão ◽  
D. Hotza ◽  
F. Raupp-Pereira ◽  
J. A. Labrincha ◽  
O. R. K. Montedo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Environmental Technology ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Lime Mud ◽  
Pulp Mill Sludge ◽  
Energy Processes

Abstract The production of pulp and paper is increasing worldwide, and wastes are therefore being generated in appreciable amounts. Various materials are generated in pulp and paper mills, such as ash, dregs, grits, lime mud and pulp mill sludge. Over the years, these wastes have typically been sent to landfills or incinerated. However, with increased environmental awareness new alternatives have been investigated, especially the valorization of these materials. In this review, the characteristics of the manufacturing process, generated wastes, main destinations and recycling alternatives are addressed. The state of the art indicates that dregs are useful in agriculture as soil amendments, while lime mud can be used in agriculture and in environmental technology, mainly in wastewater treatment. Grits are commonly employed in construction, and pulp mill sludge shows applications in agriculture, construction and energy processes. In conclusion, this review shows several successful cases of recycling wastes from pulp and paper mills.

Anaerobic treatment of biodiesel by-products in a pilot scale reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Kolesárová ◽  
Miroslav Hutňan ◽  
Viera Špalková ◽  
Rastislav Kuffa ◽  
Igor Bodík
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
By Products

AbstractIn this work, long-term operation of a pilot scale mixed anaerobic reactor processing crude glycerol and rapeseed meal is discussed. These materials are generated as by-products of biodiesel production. Mixed reactor was operated under mesophilic conditions for the period of 654 days. Total cumulative production of biogas reached 379 m3 (at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature). Maximum volumetric loading achieved during the operation was 2.17 kg m−3 d−1 for the crude glycerol dose of 2 L. When dosing crude glycerol as a single substrate, average specific production of biogas of 0.76 m3 per L of the g-phase was achieved. The lack of nutrients in the g-phase had to be compensated by an addition of ammonium nitrogen in the form of urea into the reactor. Long term processing of crude glycerol demonstrated that accumulation of dissolved inorganic salts in the reactor can lead to inhibition of the methanogenic activity of microorganisms, causing breakdown of the system. Co-fermentation of crude glycerol with rapeseed meal provided stable biogas production and it was shown to be a feasible way of anaerobic degradation of these substrates. At the maximum volumetric load of 1.33 kg m−3 d−1 (500 mL of g-phase and 500 g of rapeseed meal), the average biogas production reached 0.58 m3 d−1.

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