Role of filter media in an anaerobic fixed-bed reactor

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miyahara ◽  
M. Takano ◽  
T. Noike
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Attached Bacteria ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the filter media and the behaviour of anaerobic bacteria was studied using anaerobic fixed-bed reactors. At an HRT of 48 hours, the number of suspended acidogenic bacteria was higher than those attached to the filter media. On the other hand, the number of attached methanogenic bacteria was more than ten times as higher than that of suspended ones. The numbers of suspended and deposited acidogenic and methanogenic bacteria in the reactor operated at an HRT of 3 hours were almost the same as those in the reactor operated at an HRT of 48 hours. Accumulation of attached bacteria was promoted by decreasing the HRT of the reactor. The number of acidogenic bacteria in the reactor packed sparsely with the filter media was higher than that in the closely packed reactor. The number of methanogenic bacteria in the sparsely packed reactor was lower than that in the closely packed reactor.

Behavior of suspended solids and anaerobic bacteria in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Miyahara ◽  
T. Noike
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Substrate Degradation

Effects of packing of the filter media on substrate degradation and on behavior of anaerobic bacteria were investigated using an upflow anaerobic fixed bed reactor operated at 20°C. A low strength synthetic wastewater containing suspended solids was used as the substrate. Here, cellulose corresponds to suspended solids in domestic sewage. The effluent water quality is improved remarkably by packing of the filter media. Packing of the filter media promotes the degradation of insoluble matter as well as soluble matter of the influent. Insoluble matter (cellulose) in the influent does not accumulate in the interstitial space of the filter media and on the surface of the filter media, but acclimates in the lower part of the reactor. Packing of the filter media promotes the accumulation of lipolytic bacteria, acetate consuming methanogenic bacteria and hydrogen consuming methanogenic bacteria in the space where filter media were packed. Hydrolysis reaction of cellulose is promoted by packing of the filter media.

From Container to Claustrum: Projective Identification in Couples

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Health ◽  
Projective Identification ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Intimate Partners ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
As If

This paper is a contribution to the growing literature on the role of projective identification in understanding couples' dynamics. Projective identification as a defence is well suited to couples, as intimate partners provide an ideal location to deposit unwanted parts of the self. This paper illustrates how projective identification functions differently depending on the psychological health of the couple. It elucidates how healthier couples use projective identification more as a form of communication, whereas disturbed couples are inclined to employ it to invade and control the other, as captured by Meltzer's concept of "intrusive identification". These different uses of projective identification affect couples' capacities to provide what Bion called "containment". In disturbed couples, partners serve as what Meltzer termed "claustrums" whereby projections are not contained, but imprisoned or entombed in the other. Applying the concept of claustrum helps illuminate common feelings these couples express, such as feeling suffocated, stifled, trapped, held hostage, or feeling as if the relationship is killing them. Finally, this paper presents treatment challenges in working with more disturbed couples.

Modeling of aerated upflow fixed bed reactors for nitrification

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Number Of Cells

A mathematical model for nitrification in an aerated fixed bed reactor has been developed. This model is based on material balances in the bulk liquid, gas phase and in the biofilm area. The fixed bed is divided into a number of cells according to the reduced remixing behaviour. A fixed bed cell consists of 4 compartments: the support, the gas phase, the bulk liquid phase and the stagnant volume containing the biofilm. In the stagnant volume the biological transmutation of the ammonia is located. The transport phenomena are modelled with mass transfer formulations so that the balances could be formulated as an initial value problem. The results of the simulation and experiments are compared.

scholarly journals Relationship between Cycling Infrastructure and Transportation Cycling in a Small Urban Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Richard Larouche ◽  
Nimesh Patel ◽  
Jennifer L. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Linear Models ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small City ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

The role of infrastructure in encouraging transportation cycling in smaller cities with a low prevalence of cycling remains unclear. To investigate the relationship between the presence of infrastructure and transportation cycling in a small city (Lethbridge, AB, Canada), we interviewed 246 adults along a recently-constructed bicycle boulevard and two comparison streets with no recent changes in cycling infrastructure. One comparison street had a separate multi-use path and the other had no cycling infrastructure. Questions addressed time spent cycling in the past week and 2 years prior and potential socio-demographic and psychosocial correlates of cycling, including safety concerns. Finally, we asked participants what could be done to make cycling safer and more attractive. We examined predictors of cycling using gender-stratified generalized linear models. Women interviewed along the street with a separate path reported cycling more than women on the other streets. A more favorable attitude towards cycling and greater habit strength were associated with more cycling in both men and women. Qualitative data revealed generally positive views about the bicycle boulevard, a need for education about sharing the road and for better cycling infrastructure in general. Our results suggest that, even in smaller cities, cycling infrastructure may encourage cycling, especially among women.

scholarly journals The role of giving and receiving emotional support in depressive symptomatology among older couples: An application of the actor-partner interdependence model

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda K. Ko ◽  
Megan A. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Path Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Older Couples ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated whether perception of receiving emotional support mediates the relationship between one partner’s giving of emotional support and the other partner’s depressive symptomatology using a population-based sample of 423 couples from the Changing Lives of Older Couples study. A path model was used guided by the Actor—Partner Interdependence Model. Results indicated that spouses’ giving emotional support was related to the degree to which their spouse reported receiving emotional support. Perception of receiving emotional support, in turn, was related to lower depressive symptomatology of the support recipient. Both husbands and wives can benefit from emotional support through their perception of receiving emotional support, and spouses’ perceptions, as well as their actions, should be considered in support transactions.

Application of Biofilm Kinetics to Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Gönenç ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

Interpersonal Conflicts in the Relationship of Twins

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
S. A. Gruszewska
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychological Space ◽  
Interpersonal Conflicts ◽  
Educational Methods ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractTaking into consideration two facts: that the structure of social life forces twins to part and that the presented roles in a pair are not equal, (one of the twins plays the role of a leader (L) and the other, the subordinate (P.)), one can ask the question — what meaning does the moment of parting have and what are its consequences?In order to do that, a survey was conducted, (a sample of 31 pairs of twins above the age of 30), in which every pair was asked the question: “Which one of you made the decision about parting?” The answer had two options: A – I, B – brother/sister. Out of 31 pairs of twins, 16 pairs chose the variant different from his brother or sister – that is A, B, admitting that the interpersonal conflict was the result of the parting. In 7 pairs, both twins chose the B variant – they withdrew from the conflict; and in 8 pairs they chose the A variant – looking for a compromise as the means of agreement.When analyzing the results of the survey, we can state the following:– in the relationship of twins, there is an interpersonal conflict;– the decision about parting is difficult with prevalent feelings of sadness and sorrow;– after parting, at least one of the twins has problems with preserving his identity and integrity of psychological space.Since the moment of parting is necessary and difficult, specialists and mainly parents are required to consciously change their position towards the relationship of twins. It has to be the result of applied educational methods which aim at creating subjectivity and equality of each of the twins before the moment of parting.

scholarly journals Brand Embarrassment: Antecedents and Outcomes Variables

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paterne Micha MBELANGANI MBAN ◽  
Sevtap ÜNAL
Keyword(s):  
Brand Image ◽  
The Other ◽  
Interpersonal Influence ◽  
Social Approval ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Negative Feelings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Brand Hate

The present study aimed to investigate the role of negative feelings on the consumer buying decision. The influence of a brand image, the need for social approval, and negative brand self- expressiveness on brand embarrassment, as well as the influence of embarrassment on brand hate and brand detachment, mediated by interpersonal influence, were investigated. Findings revealed that brand image and the need for social approval do not have any influence on brand embarrassment, while the negative brand self-expressiveness does predict brand embarrassment. On the other side, the findings revealed that brand embarrassment creates brand hate and brand detachment. And, interpersonal influence has a mediating role in the relationship between brand image-brand detachment, negative brand self-expressiveness-brand hate, and negative brand self- expressiveness-brand detachment.

scholarly journals Peran Faktor-faktor Psikologis terhadap Depresi pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Jenita DT Donsu ◽  
M Noor Rochman Hadjam ◽  
Ahmad Husain Asdie ◽  
Rahmat Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Coefficient ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

Depression has strong relationship with diabetes mellitus and the aspect of psychology has influence toward the diabetes patient as control. This research aimed to find out the role of psychological factors in dealing with depression suffered by patient of DM-2 and to see the dynamics of both direct and indirect relationship of psychological factors toward the depression of DM-2 patient. The main model is a model that can bring effect of mediation between social support and depression caused by DM-2. Optimism can provide mediating effect of the relationship between social support and self-esteem. Resilience can provide mediating effect of the relationship between social support and self-esteem. Similarly, self-esteem acts as the mediator of the relationship between optimism and resilience toward the depression of DM-2 patient. The result of estimation parameter test showed the direct relationship between social support toward optimism (0.717), resilience (0.811), self-esteem (0.269) and depression (-0.210) and the direct role to depression (-0.397). The higher social support and self-esteem will cause the higher optimism and resilience. On the other hand, the role of self-esteem showed negative coefficient. On the other hand, the role of self-esteem to depression showed a negative coefficient is, the higher self-esteem will be followed by the decrease of depression in patient with DM-2. Keywords: depression, optimism, resilience, self-esteem, social support, DM-2

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