Prediction of runoff pollutant load considering characteristics of river basin

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ichiki ◽  
Kiyoshi Yamada ◽  
Toshiyuki Ohnishi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Pollutant Load ◽  
Nonpoint Sources ◽  
Macro Model ◽  
Runoff Model ◽  
Pollutant Runoff

The objectives of this study are to establish a runoff model and show profiles of pollutant runoff by simulating the change in runoff load with variance in the characteristics of river basins (i.e. population, urban area, rate of sewerage, etc.). The model, hereinafter referred to as “MACRO MODEL”, consists of three main sections. The first one shows pollutant runoff from point sources taking into consideration the sedimentation of pollutants in sewers. The second and third ones show pollutant runoff from nonpoint sources in an urban and rural area taking land use into consideration. Since it was proved that MACRO MODEL could simulate runoff load accurately enough to predict profiles of pollutant runoff, it has become possible to estimate the effect of characteristics of a river basin on pollutant runoff. As a result, some available knowledge concerned with the environmental management of water was obtained by using MACRO MODEL.

Study on characteristics of pollutant runoff into lake biwa, Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ichiki ◽  
Kiyoshi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Macro Model ◽  
Pollutant Runoff

This study aims to simulate pollutant runoff using the Macro Model and examine the characteristics of pollutant runoff into Lake Biwa. As a result of the simulations in all rivers flowing into Lake Biwa, annual runoff load from every river basin was shown. The characteristics of pollutant runoff into Lake Biwa were examined with consideration to characteristics of river basin and rainfalls. In the results, it was shown how we should control pollutant runoff effectively in order to protect the water quality of Lake Biwa, and some knowledge concerned with the environmental management of the Lake Biwa basin was obtained.

scholarly journals Carbon Storage Change Analysis and Emission Reduction Suggestions under Land Use Transition: A Case Study of Henan Province, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1844
Author(s):  
Dongyang Xiao ◽  
Haipeng Niu ◽  
Jin Guo ◽  
Suxia Zhao ◽  
Liangxin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Yellow River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Huai River

The significant spatial heterogeneity among river basin ecosystems makes it difficult for local governments to carry out comprehensive governance for different river basins in a special administrative region spanning multi-river basins. However, there are few studies on the construction of a comprehensive governance mechanism for multi-river basins at the provincial level. To fill this gap, this paper took Henan Province of China, which straddles four river basins, as the study region. The chord diagram, overlay analysis, and carbon emission models were applied to the remote sensing data of land use to analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of carbon storage caused by land-use changes in Henan Province from 1990 to 2018 to reflect the heterogeneity of the contribution of the four basins to human activities and economic development. The results revealed that food security land in the four basins decreased, while production and living land increased. Ecological conservation land was increased over time in the Yangtze River Basin. In addition, the conversion from food security land to production and living land was the common characteristic for the four basins. Carbon emission in Henan increased from 134.46 million tons in 1990 to 553.58 million tons in 2018, while its carbon absorption was relatively stable (1.67–1.69 million tons between 1990 and 2018). The carbon emitted in the Huai River Basin was the main contributor to Henan Province’s total carbon emission. The carbon absorption in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin had an obvious spatial agglomeration effect. Finally, considering the current need of land spatial planning in China and the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060 set by the Chinese government, we suggested that carbon sequestration capacity should be further strengthened in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin based on their respective ecological resource advantages. For future development in Hai River Basin and Huai River Basin, coordinating the spatial allocation of urban scale and urban green space to build an ecological city is a key direction to embark upon.

scholarly journals Basin-Scale Approach to Integration of Agro- and Hydroecological Monitoring for Sustainable Environmental Management: A Case Study of Belgorod Oblast, European Russia

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Zhanna Buryak ◽  
Fedor Lisetskii ◽  
Artyom Gusarov ◽  
Anastasiya Narozhnyaya ◽  
Mikhail Kitov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Basins ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Belgorod Oblast ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Seventh Order

The quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources (both surface and groundwater) is closely related to the need to protect soils against degradation, rationalization of land use, and regulation of surface water runoff within the watershed area. Belgorod Oblast (27,100 km2), one of the administrative regions of European Russia, was chosen as the study area. It is characterized by a high activity of soil erosion (the share of eroded soils is about 48% of the total area of arable land). The development phase of the River Basin Environmental Management Projects (217 river basins from the fourth to seventh order) allowed for the proceeding of the development of an integrated monitoring system for river systems and river basin systems. The methods used to establish a geoecological network for regional monitoring include the selection and application of GIS techniques to quantify the main indicators of ecological state and predisposition of river basins to soil erosion (the share of cropland and forestland, the share of the south-oriented slopes, soil erodibility, Slope Length and Steepness (LS) factor, erosion index of precipitation, and the river network density) and the method of a hierarchical classification of cluster analysis for the grouping of river basins. An approach considering the typology of river basins is also used to expand the regional network of hydrological gauging stations to rationalize the national hydrological monitoring network. By establishing 16 additional gauging stations on rivers from the fourth to seventh order, this approach allows for an increase in the area of hydro-agroecological monitoring by 1.26 times (i.e., up to 77.5% of the total area of Belgorod Oblast). Some integrated indicators of agroecological (on the watershed surface) and hydroecological (in river water flow) monitoring are proposed to improve basin environmental management projects. Six-year monitoring showed the effectiveness of water quality control measures on an example of a decrease in the concentrations of five major pollutants in river waters.

scholarly journals Land Use/Cover Change Effects on River Basin Hydrological Processes Based on a Modified Soil and Water Assessment Tool: A Case Study of the Heihe River Basin in Northwest China’s Arid Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Jin ◽  
Yanxiang Jin ◽  
Xufeng Mao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrological Processes ◽  
Heihe River ◽  
Distributed Models ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Increasing Trends

Land use/cover change (LUCC) affects canopy interception, soil infiltration, land-surface evapotranspiration (ET), and other hydrological parameters during rainfall, which in turn affects the hydrological regimes and runoff mechanisms of river basins. Physically based distributed (or semi-distributed) models play an important role in interpreting and predicting the effects of LUCC on the hydrological processes of river basins. However, conventional distributed (or semi-distributed) models, such as the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), generally assume that no LUCC takes place during the simulation period to simplify the computation process. When applying the SWAT, the subject river basin is subdivided into multiple hydrologic response units (HRUs) based on the land use/cover type, soil type, and surface slope. The land use/cover type is assumed to remain constant throughout the simulation period, which limits the ability to interpret and predict the effects of LUCC on hydrological processes in the subject river basin. To overcome this limitation, a modified SWAT (LU-SWAT) was developed that incorporates annual land use/cover data to simulate LUCC effects on hydrological processes under different climatic conditions. To validate this approach, this modified model and two other models (one model based on the 2000 land use map, called SWAT 1; one model based on the 2009 land use map, called SWAT 2) were applied to the middle reaches of the Heihe River in northwest China; this region is most affected by human activity. Study results indicated that from 1990 to 2009, farmland, forest, and urban areas all showed increasing trends, while grassland and bare land areas showed decreasing trends. Primary land use changes in the study area were from grassland to farmland and from bare land to forest. During this same period, surface runoff, groundwater runoff, and total water yield showed decreasing trends, while lateral flow and ET volume showed increasing trends under dry, wet, and normal conditions. Changes in the various hydrological parameters were most evident under dry and normal climatic conditions. Based on the existing research of the middle reaches of the Heihe River, and a comparison of the other two models from this study, the modified LU-SWAT developed in this study outperformed the conventional SWAT when predicting the effects of LUCC on the hydrological processes of river basins.

scholarly journals A Physically Based Runoff Model Analysis of the Querétaro River Basin

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Javier Villa Alvarado ◽  
Eladio Delgadillo-Ruiz ◽  
Carlos Alberto Mastachi-Loza ◽  
Enrique González-Sosa ◽  
Ramos Salinas Norma Maricela
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Runoff Model

Today the knowledge of physical parameters of a basin is essential to know adequately the rainfall-runoff process; it is well known that the specific characteristics of each basin such as temperature, geographical location, and elevation above sea level affect the maximum discharge and the basin time response. In this paper a physically based model has been applied, to analyze water balance by evaluating the volume rainfall-runoff using SHETRAN and hydrometric data measurements in 2003. The results have been compared with five ETp different methodologies in the Querétaro river basin in central Mexico. With these results the main effort of the authorities should be directed to better control of land-use changes and to working permanently in the analysis of the related parameters, which will have a similar behavior to changes currently being introduced and presented in observed values in this basin. This methodology can be a strong base for sustainable water management in a basin, the prognosis and effect of land-use changes, and availability of water and also can be used to determine application of known basin parameters, basically depending on land-use, land-use changes, and climatological database to determine the water balance in a basin.

Estimation of urban nonpoint source pollution in Lake Biwa Basin

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Ichiki ◽  
Toshiyuki Ohnishi ◽  
Kiyoshi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Nonpoint Source Pollution ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Nonpoint Source ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Nonpoint Sources ◽  
Pollutant Runoff

This study aims to simulate pollutant runoff into Lake Biwa using the Macro Model and examine the runoff characteristics of pollutants from urban nonpoint sources. As a result of the simulations of all rivers flowing into Lake Biwa, the characteristics of urban nonpoint source pollution and the basic units of urban nonpoint pollutants in the Lake Biwa basin became clear. It was shown that the control of pollutant runoff from nonpoint sources during storm events was significant in order to protect the water quality of Lake Biwa. From these results, valuable data concerning the environmental management of the Lake Biwa basin was obtained.

Evaluation of non-point sources pollution impacts by integrated 3S information technologies and GWLF modelling

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-K. Ning ◽  
K.-Y. Jeng ◽  
N.-B. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Land Use Patterns ◽  
Erdas Imagine ◽  
Elevation Model

Assessing the potential of non-point source pollution to assist in the planning of Best Management Practice (BMP) is significant for improving pollution prevention and control in a river basin. In many cases, however, the grid-based modelling analysis is prohibitively laborious and hindered because of insufficient information. This paper presents a new and fast methodology for catchment land-use identification and waste load estimation by properly integrating the skills of remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS), global positioning system (GPS), and the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions (GWLF) model. In this analysis, eight types of land-use patterns in the watershed area of the Kao-Ping River Basin were classified with the aid of SPOT satellite images, Erdas Imagine® image processing system, and ArcView® GIS system. Hydrologic and geographical features were obtained or derived by the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and GIS technique simultaneously. The GWLF model was used to estimate the waste loads of non-point sources in terms of the total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN). It shows that the variations of TN and TP loadings are closely related to the amount of rainfall over seasons. Final managerial policy can be made with respect to the identified three impact levels of nutrient loadings in the Kao-Ping River Basin, southern Taiwan, which could eventually perform as part of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) study in this region.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of the impacts of climate variability and anthropogenic activities on river runoff: a case study in the Hutuo River Basin, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubaker Omer ◽  
Weiguang Wang ◽  
Amir K. Basheer ◽  
Bin Yong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management

Understanding the linear and nonlinear responses of runoff to environmental change is crucial to optimally manage water resources in river basins. This study proposes a generic framework-based hydrological model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT)) and two approaches, to comprehensively assess the impacts of anthropogenic activities and climate variability on runoff over the representative Hutuo River Basin (HRB), China. Results showed that SWAT performed well in capturing the runoff trend in HRB; however, it exhibited better performance for the calibration period than for the validation. During 1961–2000, about 26.06% of the catchment area was changed, mainly from forest to farmland and urban, and the climate changed to warmer and drier. The integrated effects of the anthropogenic activities and climate variability decreased annual runoff in HRB by 96.6 mm. Direct human activities were responsible for 52.16% of runoff reduction. Climate (land use) decreased runoff by 45.30% (2.06%), whereas the combined (land use + climate) impact resulted in more runoff decrease, by 47.84%. Land use–climate interactive effect is inherent in HRB and decreased runoff by 1.02%. The proposed framework can be applied to improve the current understanding of runoff variation in river basins, for supporting sustainable water resources management strategies.

scholarly journals A New Indicator to Better Represent the Impact of Landscape Pattern Change on Basin Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in the Upper Reach of Ganjiang, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 990
Author(s):  
Yongfen Zhang ◽  
Nong Wang ◽  
Chongjun Tang ◽  
Shiqiang Zhang ◽  
Yuejun Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Landscape Metrics ◽  
Landscape Pattern ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Land Use Pattern

Landscape patterns are a result of the combined action of natural and social factors. Quantifying the relationships between landscape pattern changes, soil erosion, and sediment yield in river basins can provide regulators with a foundation for decision-making. Many studies have investigated how land-use changes and the resulting landscape patterns affect soil erosion in river basins. However, studies examining the effects of terrain, rainfall, soil erodibility, and vegetation cover factors on soil erosion and sediment yield from a landscape pattern perspective remain limited. In this paper, the upper Ganjiang Basin was used as the study area, and the amount of soil erosion and the amount of sediment yield in this basin were first simulated using a hydrological model. The simulated values were then validated. On this basis, new landscape metrics were established through the addition of factors from the revised universal soil loss equation to the land-use pattern. Five combinations of landscape metrics were chosen, and the interactions between the landscape metrics in each combination and their effects on soil erosion and sediment yield in the river basin were examined. The results showed that there were highly similar correlations between the area metrics, between the fragmentation metrics, between the spatial structure metrics, and between the evenness metrics across all the combinations, while the correlations between the shape metrics in Combination 1 (only land use in each year) differed notably from those in the other combinations. The new landscape indicator established based on Combination 4, which integrated the land-use pattern and the terrain, soil erodibility, and rainfall erosivity factors, were the most significantly correlated with the soil erosion and sediment yield of the river basin. Finally, partial least-squares regression models for the soil erosion and sediment yield of the river basin were established based on the five landscape metrics with the highest variable importance in projection scores selected from Combination 4. The results of this study provide a simple approach for quantitatively assessing soil erosion in other river basins for which detailed observation data are lacking.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document