Water reuse for sludge management and wetland habitat

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherwood Reed ◽  
Susan Parten ◽  
Gary Matzen ◽  
Randy Pohren
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Water Hyacinths ◽  
The City

The Hornsby Bend Sludge Management Facility provides centralized stabilization and dewatering for the sludges from several wastewater treatment plants serving the City of Austin, TX. This facility has been utilizing water reuse for a number of years via land application of the treated leachate and run off from the site, on crop land. The treatment sequence included aerated and facultative lagoons and a large greenhouse structure containing water hyacinths. Plans are under development to modify and upgrade the sludge treatment facilities, these will include mechanical dewatering. The reuse of this treated filtrate as wash water in the facility is intended for future operations. This paper describes a conceptual plan for treatment of this filtrate by conversion of one of the existing lagoons to a wetland. A significant portion of this wetland will be developed for optimum habitat value. Public access to this wetland can be provided for observation of birds and other wildlife.

Industrial Waste Sludge Management for the City of Istanbul: A Case Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Ersin Kasirga ◽  
Merih Kerestecioglu ◽  
Necmi Giirdal ◽  
Derin Orhon
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
The City ◽  
Joint Treatment ◽  
Sludge Production

Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration (ISKI) has embarked on a programme to build twelve sanitary wastewater treatment plants as well as regulating industrial effluent discharges to sewerage system and imposing a pretreatment program An industrial waste sludge management study was performed as a part of the sludge management efforts for the City of Istanbul In this study, over 1,500 industries with a wide variety of activities in the project planning area have been identified and categorized considering their proximities to the Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) Since there was little data on industrial sludge, productions were calculated through a three step process which consisted of wastewater characterization, sludge production identification process typically employed to meet pretreatment standards and development of sludge production formulas An important part of the study was the classification of industrial sludges as hazardous or non-hazardous. Identifications were made in accordance with the US Code of Federal Regulations and wastewater characteristics and treatment processes were evaluated Economic and noneconomic analysis were conducted in order to evaluate the possibility of joint treatment of nonhazardous compatible iiudge with the sanitary sludge. Unit costs for joint treatment at each POTW were calculated and it is found that administrative burdens and liability would be the prime concern as opposed to the economic factors

scholarly journals Framework to Identify Optimal Configurations of (De)Centralised Wastewater Systems, in Abu Dis, West Bank

10.29007/lnhb ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Matano ◽  
Peter van der Steen ◽  
Jawad Hassan ◽  
Leonardo Alfonso
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Political Differences

Decision-making processes for integrated wastewater management plans require the support of cost accounting and management techniques. This is particularly challenging in the Kidron – Wadi an-Nar basin, whose river is currently an open sewer and plans need to account for water stress, complex topography and socio-political differences. For these reasons, plans suggesting large centralised treatment facilities are difficult to implement. A potential solution, that can partially alleviate the problem, is the use of a number of smaller decentralised treatment facilities. The question that arises is, how to optimally configure combinations of centralised and decentralised wastewater treatment plants to achieve proper sanitation coverage in the basin and a sound water reuse? This study suggests a step forward towards solving the problem using a multi-objective optimisation framework. The objective functions considered are based on a Cost-Benefit analysis and the assessment of different wastewater treatment configurations. Sets of Pareto-optimal combinations of centralised and decentralised wastewater treatment solutions have been generated and evaluated in terms of the objective functions. The evaluation and comparison of wastewater treatment configurations include the potential reuses of the treated water. This analysis is especially essential in arid regions where limited water resources require an integrated and efficient water allocation.

scholarly journals State Regulations and Guidelines for Wastewater Reuse for Irrigation in the U.S.

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2818
Author(s):  
William Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Public Access ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Wastewater Disposal ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Regulations And Guidelines

The objective of this paper is to present an overview of state regulations and guidelines for wastewater reuse for irrigation. Land application of wastewater in the U.S. began in the 19th century when it was considered the safest and best method for wastewater disposal. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 27 states have regulations for wastewater reuse and 11 states have guidelines for reuse. Some states have no regulations or guidelines for wastewater reuse. For urban wastewater reuse for irrigation where public access is not restricted and for irrigation of food crops, many of the states require additional levels of treatment beyond secondary treatment, which may include oxidation, coagulation, and filtration and high levels of disinfection. California, Arizona, Texas, and Florida were the earliest states to establish water reuse programs and account for the majority of wastewater reuse for irrigation in the U.S. Several of the challenges to increase wastewater reuse are water rights in the western states and a lack of funding for new projects.

Danish Experience with Emergent Hydrophyte Treatment Systems (EHTS) and Prospects in the Light of Future Requirements on Outlet Water Quality

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Schierup ◽  
H. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Stage System

Since 1983 approximately 150 full-scale emergent hydrophyte based wastewater treatment plants (reed beds) have been constructed in Denmark to serve small wastewater producers. The development of purification performance for 21 plants representing different soil types, vegetation, and hydraulic loading rates has been recorded. Cleaning efficiencies were typically in the range of 60-80% reduction for BOD, 25-50% reduction for total nitrogen, and 20-40% reduction for total phosphorus. The mean effluent BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations of the reed beds were 19 ± 10, 22 ± 9 and 6.7 ± 3.2 mg/l (mean ± SD), respectively. Thus, the general Danish effluent standards of 8 mg/l for N and 1.5 mg/l for P for sewage plants greater than 5,000 PE cannot be met by the present realised design of EHTS. The main problem observed in most systems is a poor development of horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the soil which results in surface run-off. Since the political demands for effluent quality will be more strict in the future, it is important to improve the performance of small decentral sewage treatment plants. On the basis of experiences from different types of macrophyte based and conventional low-technology wastewater treatment systems, a multi-stage system is suggested, consisting of sedimentation and sand filtration facilities followed by basins planted with emergent and submergent species of macrophytes and algal ponds.

scholarly journals Production and Destination of Sewage Sludge in the Piemonte Region (Italy): The Results of a Survey for a Future Sustainable Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3556
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Campo ◽  
Alberto Cerutti ◽  
Claudio Lastella ◽  
Aldo Leo ◽  
Deborah Panepinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sludge Management ◽  
Subsequent Step ◽  
German Legislation ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The management of sewage sludge originated from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is an urgent issue. In 2019, the local authority of the Piemonte region started a survey with the aim of collecting recent data concerning wastewater and sludge management in the WWTPs located in its own territory. The survey’s results revealed that 60% of the sludge (51,000 t, as dry substance, d.s.) produced by the local WWTPs was recovered or disposed of outside of the region, and a similar amount of sludge was recovered in agriculture directly or after composting. The increase in the costs to accommodate sewage sludge in recovery or disposal plants, followed to a recent Italian Sentence (27958/2017), and the more and more stringent requirements fixed by lots of European countries for the application of sludge in agriculture, are pushing the Piemonte region authority to re-organize its own network for sludge management, with solutions based onto proximity and diversification. Whether the provisions of the current German legislation are applied in the future also in Italy, approx. 90% of sewage sludge produced into the Piemonte region should be incinerated, with a subsequent step of phosphorous recovery. The new regional plan, according to the Regional Address Deed, should consider a diversification of sludge treatment and recovery practices. On this basis, a need for new plants for around 40,000 t d.s./y could be planned.

scholarly journals Design of Land Application Systems for Water Reuse

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2120
Author(s):  
Clifford B. Fedler
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Application Systems ◽  
Nutrient Salt ◽  
Site Water ◽  
Irrigated Crops

Water reuse via land application is old technology; but the water balance only design approach and practice has not worked well. There are many benefits of water reuse by irrigating crops; however, there are some risks if not designed properly. When the design approach uses a combined water-nutrient-salt balance, the most effective and sustainable, long-term system is achieved. This approach provides a design based on land area requirements, on-site water storage, and economic return from the irrigated crops. The single, most often overlooked step in the water balance is accounting for the water stored in the soil. When spread over large areas, this quantity of water results in considerably less required surface water storage, which saves capital costs. This design approach has been used successfully on multiple sites for over 30 years without failure.

Demonstrating organic contaminant removal in an ozone-based water reuse process at full scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judy Blackbeard ◽  
James Lloyd ◽  
Mirela Magyar ◽  
John Mieog ◽  
Karl G. Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Organic Contaminant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Fire Fighting ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Class A ◽  
The City

The 350 ML per d Eastern Treatment Plant (ETP) tertiary facility produces “Class A” water for the city of Melbourne, Australia, which is used for irrigation, dual reticulation and fire fighting.

scholarly journals Detection and molecular characterization of swine hepatitis E virus in North Carolina swine herds and their faecal wastes

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 344-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Kase ◽  
Maria T. Correa ◽  
Mark D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Swine Operations ◽  
Exposure Risks

Recent findings of almost genetically indistinguishable swine and human strains, have suggested swine play a role in the transmission of hepatitis E virus (HEV). The extent to which HEV may be present and persist in the faecal waste generated from intensive swine operations is largely unknown. The fate of swine waste liquid is often land application, possibly resulting in unintentional seepage into groundwater or run-off into surface waters, hence validating concerns of human exposure risks. Freshly passed swine faeces, barn flush liquid waste, and lagoon liquid from production sites in North Carolina were surveyed periodically for HEV using RT-PCR primers located in ORF2. On three farms where HEV RNA was detected in swine faeces, it was also found in stored liquid waste on several occasions. HEV presence was related to swine age but not to animal management and waste management procedures, which varied amongst the farms. Seasonal patterns of HEV prevalence could not be established as viral RNA was isolated at all time points from two farms. Phylogenetic analysis of 212 bases of the genomic RNA indicated that isolates resembled the known US swine and human strains (percentage nucleic acid homology 91 to 94%), with one amino acid substitution.

Astronomy in the City

1991 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Perwick ◽  
Glenn K. Urquhart ◽  
William S. G. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Public Access ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
The City

AbstractAuckland Observatory is a public observatory with a strong research interest. Its activities are reviewed and described. The important role which public access to current astronomy plays is mentioned.

scholarly journals Wastewater-based Epidemiology – Possible Approach for the Prevalence Prediction of SARS-CoV-2 in the Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Krivonakova ◽  
Andrea Soltysova ◽  
Michal Tamas ◽  
Zdenko Takac ◽  
Ján Krahulec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Statistical Dependence ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
The City ◽  
Death Cases

Abstract COVID-19 pandemic caused by β-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 emerges to intensive scientific research and monitoring of wastewaters because of their possible important role in identifying and early warning of a spread of the virus in the community. In our study, we investigated the prevalence of the COVID-19 disease in the population of the capital city of Slovakia, Bratislava, based on wastewater monitoring from September 2020 until March 2021. Samples were analyzed from two major wastewater treatment plants of the city with reaching nearly 0.6 million monitored inhabitants. Obtained results from the wastewater analysis suggest significant statistical dependence. High correlations between the number of viral particles in wastewater and the number of reported positive nasopharyngeal RT-qPCR tests of infected individuals with a time lag of 2 weeks / 12 days (R2 = 83.78% / R2 = 52.65%) as well as with a reported number of death cases with a time lag of 4 weeks / 27 days (R2 = 83.21% / R2 = 61.89%) was observed. The obtained results and subsequent mathematical modeling will serve in the future as an early warning system for the occurrence of a local site of infection and, at the same time, predict the load on the health system up to two weeks in advance.

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