Anaerobic Treatment of Low, Medium and High Strength Effluent in the Agro-industry

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Driessen ◽  
P. Yspeert
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Very High ◽  
Ic Technology

Based on the widely applied UASB system for anaerobic wastewater treatment a new generation of more advanced anaerobic reactor systems have recently been developed, according to the so-called expanded sludge bed concept. A successful version of this concept is the Internal Circulation (IC) reactor, characterized by the biogas separation in two stages within a reactor with a high height/diameter ratio and the gas-driven internal effluent circulation. The IC system can handle high upflow liquid and gas velocities, which makes treatment of low strength effluents at short hydraulic retention times, as well as treatment of high strength effluents at very high volumetric loading rates feasible. During the past years the IC technology has been successfully applied at full scale on a variety of industrial wastewaters. This article describes the design and operational results of three full scale anaerobic treatment plants with Internal Circulation reactors treating low, medium and high strength effluents from a dairy industry, food processing plant and brewery respectively.

The effect of anaerobic pre-treatment on the inert soluble COD of fermentation industry effluents

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yilmaz ◽  
I. Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Process Wastewater ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The objective of this study is to determine the inert soluble COD of wastewaters from the fermentation industry. In this context, a series of experiments were performed for various effluents from baker's yeast industry including raw process wastewater, anaerobic pre-treatment plant effluents, domestic and washing waters mixture. The inert COD ratio (SISO) for the raw effluents from baker's yeast industry was determined as 0.1. This ratio was in the range of 0.20 to 0.30 for the anaerobically pre-treated effluents. TheSISO ratios for the wastewater simulating the effluent of the existing full-scale aerobic treatment plant have varied from 0.18 to 0.48. Such a large variation has been originated from the operating conditions of the existing full-scale anaerobic treatment plants. The higher volumetric loading rates and shorter sludge retention times correspond the lower SISO ratios for the full-scale anaerobic treatment systems in general.

Full-scale experience with the deammonification process to treat high strength sludge water – a case study

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Jardin ◽  
J. Hennerkes
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Treatment Train ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Nitrogen Elimination

More stringent effluent criteria with regard to nitrogen calls for improved nutrient removal techniques in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Besides optimisation of the liquid treatment train of the plants, attention has increasingly centred on the problem of return flows from sludge treatment. One of the most recent developments aimed at the reduction of this nitrogen load is deammonification which has been used at one of Ruhrverband's plants since 2002 by applying a moving bed system. To gain additional experience in operating this process, another full scale plant was modified in 2007 by integration of deammonification, using a SBR system with suspended biomass based on the DEMON® control scheme. By using seeding sludge from Strass WWTP in Austria, start-up has been achieved within only 1 day. After stable operation for several months, increasing nitrate concentrations were observed in the effluent of the system indicating growing activity of nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB). Following severe process deterioration, it was decided to re-start the system again but the same behaviour, i.e. increasing levels of nitrate, was observed once again. Several approaches were used to suppress NOB organisms in full-scale without success, e.g. low oxygen levels and high free ammonia concentrations. Finally, the reduction of the aerobic cycle length during intermittent aeration down to 8 min, followed by an anoxic mixing period of only 18 min was successful in inhibiting the activity of NOB organisms, most probably due to their elevated lag-phase compared with ammonium oxidising bacteria. Today, nitrogen elimination that has been stabilised at more than 80% at a daily volumetric loading rate of 0.5 kg N/(m3 d). The total costs amount to €2.3/kg Neli.

Color Removal of High Strength Paper and Fermentation Industry Effluents with Membrane Technology

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Koyuncu ◽  
F. Yalcin ◽  
I. Ozturk
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Wastewater Stream ◽  
Membrane Treatment ◽  
Very High

This paper presents the pilot plant studies on the biologically treated effluents from the pulp and paper and fermentation industry effluents by using two stage membrane treatment (Ultrafiltration(UF) and reverse osmosis(RO), (brackish water(BW) and seawater(SW)) membranes). In the first part of the study, the combination of UF and RO treatment resulted in very high removals of COD, color and conductivity for the pulp and paper industry effluents. At the end of one single pass with SW membrane, the initial COD, colour and conductivity values were reduced to 10-20 mg/l, 0-100 Pt-Co units and 200-300 μs/cm, respectively. The influent, UF permeate, BW permeate and SW permeate conductivities were 6000-6700 μs/cm, 5500-5900 μs/cm, 1000-1500 μs/cm and 200-300 μs/cm, respectively. Almost complete colour removals were achieved in the RO experiments with SW membranes. RO studies with BW membranes were also performed to the same permeate from the first stage UF study. In the second part of the study, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes were evaluated for their suitability in separating color and COD from the different wastewater streams generated by the fermentation industry. Three different wastewater stream, including the anaerobic treatment plant effluents of plant A and B, the aerobic treatment plant effluent of plant B have been tested during the runs. The overall removal efficiencies of COD, Color, Conductivity, NH3-N were found as 90-95%, 95-97%, 85-90% and 80-90% respectively with 85-90% recovery after UF and RO membranes for all these wastewater streams. Applying membrane technology to these complex industrial wastewaters, color problems of treatment plant effluents can be solved effectively.

Biopaq®ICX: The next generation high rate anaerobic reactor proves itself at full scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. G. Hendrickx ◽  
B. Pessotto ◽  
R. Prins ◽  
L. Habets ◽  
J. Vogelaar
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Internal Circulation ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biomass Retention ◽  
Retention Device ◽  
Volumetric Loading

Abstract The ICX (Internal Circulation eXperience) is the next generation high rate anaerobic reactor. The unique design with a two-stage phase separation device enables excellent biomass retention. The novel biomass retention device allows for high volumetric loading rates to be applied compared to IC (internal circulation) and UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed) reactors. Since the first demonstration test in 2013, more than 70 full scale ICX reactors have been built, ranging in size from 85 to 5,000 m3. This paper presents the results of the first ICX demonstration reactor (85 m3) and from a full scale ICX reference (350 m3). These results confirm that very high volumetric loading rates can be achieved with the ICX, whilst maintaining a stable and high COD removal efficiency. Biomass growth is clearly demonstrated in both the demonstration reactor and in the full scale reference, proving that efficient biomass retention is achieved in the ICX.

Denitrification of Landfill Leachate by the Modified Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1477-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Hosomi ◽  
Inamori Yuhei ◽  
Kazuo Matsushige ◽  
Ryuichi Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

In order to remove high-strength nitrogen and organics in landfill leachate simultaneously, the modified RBC which was combined with the standard RBC and the anaerobic biofilter was proposed. The treatability for actual landfill leachate of the standard RBC and the modified RBC was evaluated. The capability of COD removal in the modified RBC is much greater than that in the standard RBC, although both RBCs showed a BOD removal rate of more than 95%. This suggested that the combination method of aerobic and anaerobic treatment was effective in reducing refractory organic compounds. The nitrogen removal in the modified RBC was about 90% compared to 50% in Che standard RBC. The modified RBC had the advantage of nitrogen removal because nitrification and denitrification proceeded efficiently, even if a carbon source was not added. The performance of the modified RBC was superior to that of the standard RBC in both BOD surface loading and BOD volumetric loading.

Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Concentrated Soluble Wastewaters

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Carrieri ◽  
A. C. Di Pinto ◽  
A. Rozzi ◽  
M. Santori
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sewage Sludges ◽  
Stable Operating ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Olive Mill

The anaerobic treatment of sewage sludges (primary and secondary) mixed to concentrated soluble wastes (olive mill effluents, cheese whey and landfill leacheate) in conventional once-through and anaerobic contact digesters, has been investigated in laboratory scale reactors. Experimental results indicate that it is possible to increase appreciably (100 %) the volumetric loading rate of sludge digesters (anaerobic contact) by addition of soluble substrates and keep stable operating conditions. The proposed treatment is economically very attractive if the load due to high strength wastewaters is of the same magnitude as the sludge load, as it does not require additional reactor volume.

scholarly journals Conversion of organic compounds into biogas on a full scale brewery WWTP using IC reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00095
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Umiejewska
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Brewery Wastewater ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biological Transformation ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Wastewater from breweries usually contains high levels of organic components, which are generally easily biodegradable. Ideally, the mainstream method of brewery wastewater treatment is based on biological transformation, which have been reported to be effective in efficiently reducing COD concentration. Anaerobic digestion technology plays an important role in the treatment of high strength wastewater [1]. The benefit of the process is biogas production and recovering the energy. The main goal of the paper is to present the results of a full-scale research performed in a brewery WWTP in 2016. Wastewater from brewery containing COD, a priority pollutant of organic components, is treated in IC reactor. The biogas produced during the anaerobic digestion is transformed into heat. Total COD and soluble COD were measured 5 days a week in wastewater before and after anaerobic reactor. In raw wastewater, average total COD was 5226 mg/L with the percentage share of soluble COD 89.4%. As a result of anaerobic treatment 83,7% reduction of total COD and 92.9% reduction of soluble COD were obtained. The average daily biogas production was 4089 m3/d.

Pilot and Full-Scale Experience in Anaerobic Treatment of Brewer's Yeast Processing Wastewater

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1167-1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yoda ◽  
S. Imabayashi ◽  
N. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Brewer's Yeast ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Cobalt And Nickel

The anaerobic expanded micro-carrier bed (MCB) process, which utilizes fine particles as expanded bed media to enhance granular sludge formation, was applied to the wastewater from a brewer's yeast processing plant. Based on the results3 of the pilot study, in which 97 to 99 % COD removals were maintained at 13 to 24 kgCOD/m3/day, a full-scale MCB plant with a total reactor volume of 985 m was constructed at Asahi's Koganei plant. Though not found in the pilot study, cobalt and nickel were found to be deficient in the wastewater and had to be supplemented during the start-up. However, a sufficient amount of granular sludge was cultivated BO that the reactor could accept the design loading, within three months of operation and achieve the average COD removal of 93.5% at 9.8 kgCOD/m3/day. Thus, it was clearly demonstrated in the full-scale installation that the MCB process could provide a reliable and predictable way to cultivate granular sludge necessary for efficient anaerobic treatment.

Decomposition of the metastable beta titanium alloy Ti-15-3

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
Y. L. Chen ◽  
S. Fujlshiro
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Alpha Phase ◽  
Thick Sheet ◽  
Omega Phase ◽  
Beta Titanium Alloy ◽  
Beta Titanium ◽  
Beta Matrix ◽  
Metastable Beta ◽  
Very High

Metastable beta titanium alloys have been known to have numerous advantages such as cold formability, high strength, good fracture resistance, deep hardenability, and cost effectiveness. Very high strength is obtainable by precipitation of the hexagonal alpha phase in a bcc beta matrix in these alloys. Precipitation hardening in the metastable beta alloys may also result from the formation of transition phases such as omega phase. Ti-15-3 (Ti-15V- 3Cr-3Al-3Sn) has been developed recently by TIMET and USAF for low cost sheet metal applications. The purpose of the present study was to examine the aging characteristics in this alloy.The composition of the as-received material is: 14.7 V, 3.14 Cr, 3.05 Al, 2.26 Sn, and 0.145 Fe. The beta transus temperature as determined by optical metallographic method was about 770°C. Specimen coupons were prepared from a mill-annealed 1.2 mm thick sheet, and solution treated at 827°C for 2 hr in argon, then water quenched. Aging was also done in argon at temperatures ranging from 316 to 616°C for various times.

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