Improvement of river water quality - the results of industrial effluent minimisation

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zagorc-Končan ◽  
A. Žgajnar Gotvajn
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

The harmful effects of wastewaters on receiving streams, caused by insufficient quality of effluents, inadequate dimensioning and overloading of present treatment plants, as well as the trends of science and technology call for improvement of the treatment technologies, development of advanced treatment processes and above all for waste minimisation in industrial processes to meet the increasing water quality standards. Microbial degradation is crucial in the prediction of the duration and, thereby, the effects of organic pollution in natural waters. Evaluating the fate of biodegradable organic pollution downstream from the discharge seems an appropriate way to follow the effect of pollution and its hazard assessment that dictates needed sanitation measures. This paper is concerned with effluent discharges and with the water receiving such discharges. A practical method for the study of the fate of biodegradable industrial pollution in receiving stream is demonstrated. The impact of wastewater from the synthetic phenol-formaldehyde resin production on Borovnišica river is presented. By comparative investigations, before and after introduction of sanitation measures, the beneficial impact of industrial effluent minimisation and treatment is shown evidently.

Study on the Reclamation Technology of Alkaline Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Bonded Sand

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 914-917
Author(s):  
Qing Zhou Sun ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Pu Qing Zhang ◽  
Yong Han
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Service Time ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Process Performance ◽  
Molding Sand ◽  
Before And After

In this article we study the reclamation technology of alkaline phenol formaldehyde resin bonded sand. We find that there are a lot of evaporation components in the alkaline phenol formaldehyde resin bonded sand, and they can be effectively removed by drying or baking. The loss of ignition of the sand before and after the mechanical regeneration can be reduced by the baking of alkaline phenol formaldehyde resin bonded sand; it also can improve the stripping rate of the reclaimed sand. The acid demand value of the reclaimed sand increases with the increasing of temperature and reaches the maximum at 500°C, when the alkaline phenol formaldehyde resin bonded sand is baked below 500°C, and then the acid demand value of the regenerated sand reduces when the baking temperature increases. The tensile strength of alkaline phenol formaldehyde resin bonded sand mixed by the regenerated sand obtained by the 360°C baking and mechanical regeneration is higher than that of the sand mixed by the regenerated sand obtained by other methods in the case that the service time and the molding sand mixed by the base sand are the same, and has the best casting process performance.

Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Reinforced with Nano-Silica

2011 ◽  
Vol 194-196 ◽  
pp. 1772-1775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Bai Yu ◽  
Chun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Tribological Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Properties ◽  
The Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Worn Surface

Reinforced phenol formaldehyde resin (PF) matrix nanocomposites with different nano-SiO2 were fabricated with two-roll compounding and compression molding technology. The mechanical and tribological behaviors of the reinforced composites were studied. The friction and wear experiments were tested on a constant speed machine (D-SM). The impact and flexural strength of nanocomposites were increased by the addition of various types of SiO2, but the flexural modulus was decreased. The effects of the addition of various types of SiO2 on tribological properties of the composites were explored in this study. The results showed that the coefficient of friction of the composites increased, while the wear rate values decreased at various temperatures. Microstructure of worn surface of the tested composites was observed by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and the wear mechanism of the reinforced composites was studied.

scholarly journals Comparative Researcehs of the Properties of Laboratory Plywood and Some Industrial Manufactured Wood-Based Panels

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Violeta T Jakimovska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Master Thesis ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the researches in the master thesis is studying the impact of the changes in plywood structure on their physical and mechanical properties. These changes are related to the change of the layer’s position in the panels’ structure along the axis of symmetry without changing the number and the thickness of the veneers. Four models of laboratory nine layered plywood were made for studying this impact. The evaluation of the models quality was made on the base of the obtained values from the tests of their physical and mechanical properties, as well as on the base of the comparative analyze of these values and the values obtained from the tested properties of comparative model of industrial manufactured plywood. The laboratory plywood models are made in controlled laboratory conditions by the method of hot dry pressing. Beech peeled veneers with thickness of 1,2; 1,5; 2,2 and 3,2 mm are used for plywood manufacturing. As gluing component for plywood manufacturing, pure water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin with concentration of 47,10 % is used. The models are preserved with phenol formaldehyde foil, which is impregnated in the surface layers during pressing. Four panels from each model are made, as well as two additional panels without surface phenol formaldehyde foil from the second model in order to perceive the differences in physical properties between preserved and non-preserved laboratory models.

Preparation of Waterbased Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin and its Application on Para-Aramid Paper

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 858-862
Author(s):  
Yong Sheng Qin ◽  
Yuan Jian Qiao ◽  
Gui Long Xu ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Jian Hu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Micro Morphology ◽  
Water Dilution ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Waterbased phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin was prepared and applied to enhance the mechanical strength of aramid paper in this paper. The water dilution stability of prepared PF resin was studied. The chemical structure and the thermal stability of prepared PF resin were characterized. The comprehensive performances of aramid paper before and after strengthen by PF resin were tested. The Micro-morphology of aramid paper was observed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM0. The results shows that the comprehensive performances of aramid paper were greatly enhanced after being strengthen by PF resin. Its expected that the prepared PF resin has promising application in aramid paper industry.

scholarly journals Incorporation of In Situ Synthesized Nano-Copper Modified Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin to Improve the Mechanical Properties of Chinese Fir: A Preliminary Study

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 876
Author(s):  
Fan Li ◽  
Cuiyin Ye ◽  
Yanhui Huang ◽  
Xianmiao Liu ◽  
Benhua Fei
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
The Impact

Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin, modified using nano-copper with varying contents (0 wt%, 1 wt%, 3 wt%), was manufactured to improve the mechanical properties of Chinese fir. The morphology, chemical, micromechanical and micromechanical properties of the samples were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nanoindentation (NI) and traditional mechanical testing. The TEM and AFM results indicated that the in situ synthesized nano-copper particles were well-dispersed, and spherical, with a diameter of about 70 nm in PF resin. From the FTIR chemical changes detected by FTIR inferred that the nano-copper modified PF resin penetrated into the Chinese fir cell walls and interacted with the acetyl groups of hemicellulose by forming a crosslinked structure. Accordingly, the micro-mechanical properties of the Chinese fir cell walls were enhanced after treatment with nano-copper modified PF resin. The filling of the PF-1-Cu resin (1 wt% nano-copper) in the wood resulted in 13.7% and 22.2% increases in the elastic modulus (MOE) and hardness, respectively, of the cell walls. Besides, the impact toughness and compressive strength of the Chinese fir impregnated with PF-1-Cu resin were 21.8% and 8.2% higher than that of the PF-0-Cu resin. Therefore, in situ synthesized nano-copper-modified PF resin is a powerful treatment method for Chinese fir due to improved diffusive properties and reinforcement of the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Comparative Researcehs of the Properties of Laboratory Plywood and Some Industrial Manufactured Wood-Based Panels

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 258
Author(s):  
Violeta T Jakimovska
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Master Thesis ◽  
Dry Pressing ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the researches in the master thesis is studying the impact of the changes in plywood structure on their physical and mechanical properties. These changes are related to the change of the layer’s position in the panels’ structure along the axis of symmetry without changing the number and the thickness of the veneers. Four models of laboratory nine layered plywood were made for studying this impact. The evaluation of the models quality was made on the base of the obtained values from the tests of their physical and mechanical properties, as well as on the base of the comparative analyze of these values and the values obtained from the tested properties of comparative model of industrial manufactured plywood. The laboratory plywood models are made in controlled laboratory conditions by the method of hot dry pressing. Beech peeled veneers with thickness of 1,2; 1,5; 2,2 and 3,2 mm are used for plywood manufacturing. As gluing component for plywood manufacturing, pure water-soluble phenol formaldehyde resin with concentration of 47,10 % is used. The models are preserved with phenol formaldehyde foil, which is impregnated in the surface layers during pressing. Four panels from each model are made, as well as two additional panels without surface phenol formaldehyde foil from the second model in order to perceive the differences in physical properties between preserved and non-preserved laboratory models.

Purification of water contaminated with heavy metals by example of lead as promising material based on graphene nanostructures

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-43
Author(s):  
N. R. Memetov ◽  
◽  
A. V. Gerasimova ◽  
A. E. Kucherova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde ◽  
Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Formaldehyde Resin ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Characteristic Parameters ◽  
Purification Of Water ◽  
Graphene Nanostructures

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of the use of graphene nanostructures in the purification of lead (II) ions to improve the ecological situation of water bodies. The mechanisms and characteristic parameters of the adsorption process were analyzed using empirical models of isotherms at temperatures of 298, 303, 313 and 323 K, which correspond to the following order (based on the correlation coefficient): Langmuir (0.99) > Temkin (0.97) > Dubinin – Radushkevich (0.90). The maximum adsorption capacity of the material corresponds to the range from 230 to 260 mg/g. We research the equilibrium at the level of thermodynamic parameter estimates, which indicates the spontaneity of the process, the endothermic nature and structure change of graphene modified with phenol-formaldehyde resin during the adsorption of lead (II) ions, leading to an increase in the disorder of the system.

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